Human Resource Management in International Tourism

The provided text is a collection of academic articles and book chapters related to human resource management in the context of international tourism. It includes topics such as dynamic capabilities, human resources, and operating routines, as well as sustainable development and environmental management. The articles cover various countries and regions, including Latin America, Europe, and Asia.

Human Resource Development

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Comparison of various learning styles..................................................................................1
1.2 Learning curve & significance of transfer knowledge at workplace....................................3
1.3 Significance of learning styles and theories..........................................................................4
4.1 Government Role in training and development....................................................................5
4.2 Influence of competency movement on private and public sector........................................5
4.3 Training Initiative taken by UK Government.......................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Training Needs at different level of business organisation...................................................6
2.2 Various Advantages and Disadvantage of different training method...................................7
2.3 Systematic Approach to design a training event...................................................................8
3.1 Evaluation of training event................................................................................................10
3.2 Analysis of evaluation form................................................................................................11
3.3 Review the success of evaluation methods used.................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Human resource development is one of the important concept for each and every business
organization because it helps in developing people in order to improve performance at
workplace. With the help of this concept, workers easily develop their personal and professional
skills and knowledge which may leads in attaining better success in their life. Along with this, it
includes better training and development programs by which manager improve their performance
level (Albrecht and et. al., 2015). This will helps in making workers able to perform their duties.
Thus, it is important for business organisation to provide training to their personnels so that they
perform their task with more efficiency. Present report is based on Sun Court Ltd, which deal in
management of property in which they need to consider proper training for their workers. This
project discussed about various learning styles which may leads in improving performance level
of the employees. Along with this, transferring knowledge and contribution of theories is also
mentioned in this report. In addition of this, various training methods are also mentioned which
leads in improving performance level of the workers at workplace. Furthermore, role of
government is also discussed here which may leads in attaining better results.
TASK 1
1.1 Comparison of various learning styles
Every people having heir own learning styles in which they improve their skills and
knowledge in order to attain long term benefits. With the help of this individual easily interact
with each other by using better way of communication. In addition of this, it is important for
business organization to provide better training programs which may leads in improving their
knowledge towards their work and activities (Barrales-Molina, Montes and Gutierrez-Gutierrez,
2015). Furthermore, Sun Court use various styles to improve workers performance. All these can
be understood by following styles:
David Kolb's Model:
It is effective model of learning style which include four phases which may leads
individuals in effective learning in order to attain better results. All these are as follows: Concrete Experience: Under this, learner focus on practical work as compare to theory
work. In this individuals perform all the practical task for enhancing heir learning
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activities. In context of Sun Court, manager allocate practical work to their workers in
order to enhance their learning at workplace (Kolb's Learning Styles, 2017). Reflective Observation: In this phase, learner enhance their knowledge by reassessing
experience. Along with this they use their own analytical skills to find any solution of the
problems which may leads them in enhancing their abilities at workplace. Abstract Conceptualization: Under this stage, learner lean from their past experience by
which they improve their performance level and perform well as compare to their past
work.
 Active Experimentation:In this individual improve their learning theory external factors
by which they perform their task to attain positive outcomes.
VAK Model: It is also an effective style by which manager improve workers learning and also
enhance their skills and knowledge. Visual learning: This style includes pictures, diagrams and many more, by which
individuals enhance their knowledge by gaining better message and subjective knwoedge. Auditory learning: It is also an effective style in which learner enhance their knowledge
by taking part in group discussion, lecture and many more. By this they gain more
knowledge from others.
 Kinaesthetic learning: Under this style, learner enhance their learning from their actual
as well as real life situation because they focus more in practical experience.
Honey and Mumford Learning Model: This type of model also help manager to enhancing
workers learning by which they easily perform their task. This approach include four models are
as follows: Activist: Under this, learner enhance their knowledge by doing practical work in which
they also involve in putting various experiments within their work. Theorist: In this learner define the reason behind the outcomes by which they enhance
their learning by using models. This will aid in improving their performance level. Pragmatics: Under this phase, learner prefer to doing practical work in which they put
their own ideas experiments to enhance their learning (Baum, 2016).
 Reflector: In this leader learn form their senior by copying them. This will helps them in
improving their performance level at workplace.
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All these models are more effective by using this learner improve their learning and also
enhance skills ad knowledge in most effective manner.
1.2 Learning curve & significance of transfer knowledge at workplace
Learning curve is one of the important aspect which represent in graphical manner.
Basically it helps in giving information about individual learning. It helps in improving learning
of the people at workplace and life as well (Baum, 2015). Mainly it cover two phase in which
they enhance their productivity level by implementing it effectively. The first situation defines
organization learning and other one show employees performance and productivity level at
workplace. This will helps in determining the actual performance level of the workers so that
manager easily provide them training to enhance their skills. In context of Sun Court Ltd,
manager provide better raining and development programs to their workforce in which they
improve their working capabilities. With the help of this employees enhance their productivity
level is effective manner.
Role of learning curve: It play important role in business organisation because it defines
individual learning at workplace. Along with this, it is also important for manager to provide
them better learning to its workers and also monitor because by this they easily evaluate that
workers enhance their skills. By using this curve, manager of Sun Court Ltd, easily determine
learning process of their workforce which helps in enhancing their overall performance level.
Importance of knowledge transfer:
Transfer of knowledge is more important for workers because it helps them in enhancing
their knowledge about the firm and its activities. For attaining better results, it is important for
business organization to set their structure of transfer of knowledge effectively by which
employees easily improve their skills at workplace. Along with this, firm also conduct induction
programme by which manager easily provide better knowledge to its workers. With the help of
this they imp[rove their learning and attain better results. In this context there are some
importance of transfer learning at workplace: Add value: Transfer learning is more effective for workers which help company to add
values. With the help of this firm enhance their effectiveness and efficiency level as well
(Bratton, and Gold, 2017). In context of Sun Court, manager is responsible for motivating
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as well as encouraging workers to transfer knowledge at workplace which may leads in
attaining better results.
 Optimum utilization of financial resources: It is also more important for firm to
effectively use all the financial resources at workplace. In this company invest more
funds in training and development programs to their employees so that they effectively
perform their duties and attain better results (Brewster and Hegewisch, 2017). Thus
optimum utilization to available financial resource aid in enhancing profitability level.
1.3 Significance of learning styles and theories
Learning theories are one of the important aspects for business organization to improve
workers performance at workplace. Basically, it is important tools which helps in enhancing their
skills and knowledge in effective manner by which they easily attain set goals and objectives.
Along with this, it is used by manager for their workers as they develop their performance level
at workplace. With the help of this, firm attain higher profitability level. In this context there are
some effective learning theories which leads in accomplishing positive outcomes: Behavioural approach: In this, manager of the company focus on workers behaviour at
the time of performing their duties at workplace. This will aid in enhancing their
performance level at workplace. Cognitive approach: It is effective approach which used for manager to enhance staff
members skills and knowledge. By this they find better ways to resolve problems in
effective manner.
 Constructivism approach: As per this, workers enhance their skills and knowledge from
various level by making their perception towards their working performance. With the
help of this, they easily complete their entire task in systematic way by making effective
and creative plan.
Relationship between learning events, styles and theories: It is more important for
manager to evaluate as select an effective and best approach which will leads in accomplishing
better results in effective way (Cascio, 2018). In context of Sun Court, manager is responsible for
selecting best learning style to enhance workers skills and abilities of workers in positive
manner. This will contribute in overall success of the company at market place.
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4.1 Government Role in training and development
It has been analysed that government of UK put various efforts in order to enhance skills
and knowledge of employees who are working in different companies in various sectors. They
have made ample number of policies which should be properly followed by companies (Clark
and et. al., 2016). With the help of this, they can give various opportunities to staff members like
training and development programmes through which they can make workers more effective at
workplace. In this context, some roles of government are mentioned beneath:
 Generating rules for public: Parliament of United kingdom makes forms and rules for
public in order to keep them safe from various frauds and other activities.
 Allocating reserves: Sun Court has a good name in all over UK. Therefore, government
have assigned many task for them so that they can better serve to both consumers and to
employees as well.
 Creating positive workplace: Anti discrimination act, equal wages act are some of laws
which has been made by government which is helping firms to make healthy environment
for their employees where they work together and share great humour with each other.
All these roles that are of government of UK which has been mentioned above may help
Sun Court in giving life long learning to their workers.
4.2 Influence of competency movement on private and public sector
Both Private and public sectors differs from each other. Therefore, strategies are being
made by them in different ways that are related to development of competency. Through this,
firms of these sections can give training to their workers in order to enhance their both skills and
knowledge.
Some of impacts on private sector are given below:
Feeling of security: Employees may feel secured if employer will take proper actions in
regards to give them proper safety and security at workplace when they are working (Correia,
Dussault and Pontes, 2015).
Reduces labour turnover: Under this, administration of Sun Court locate those areas in
which they can reduce labour turnover in order to enhance resistivity of them as compared to
other firms.
Some of impacts on public sector are given below:
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Reduces wastage: Resources can be used in an optimised manner if proper training is
being given to employees of public sector.
Motivates personnel: Training sessions can be conducted where managers can motivate
employees to become more effective at workplace in order to get incentives.
4.3 Training Initiative taken by UK Government
UK is famous for making or formulating strategies through which they can improve
capabilities and skills of employees in order to increase economical growth of nation. In this
government authorities provide better support to company in which they effectively set their task
and activities as per particular time scale (Andrade and et. al., 2015). In context of Sun Court,
they also implement various benefits within their company by which they enhance working
abilities of the workers at workplace. In this government include various department by which
manager make their work force able to perform well. All these are as follows:
 Pension department
 Health and safety department
 Education department
Therefore, business organization implement all these section for improving performance
level. With the help of this manager effectively perform their activities and attain better results in
appropriate time frame. This will contribute in enhancing overall performance level.
TASK 2
2.1 Training Needs at different level of business organisation
Every organization conduct training programs because it is more important for workers to
enhance their skills and knowledge. Basically it play vital role in growing individual learning at
workplace by which they easily improve their performance level by effectively execute their
activities. Along with this, technologies are also changes continuously so that company needs to
make their practices accordingly. With the help of this they easily maintain their performance
level at market place. In this every organization defines various level in which they perform their
roles and responsibilities in which workers needs proper training session to effectively
understand all the activities. By this they improve their learning and perform well at workplace.
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In this context, there are tree level of organization in which training is more important needs to
execute entire task in adequate manner. All these are as follows: Organisational level: At this level, training is more important which largely affect the
overall performance level of entire operations (Goh, 2017). By this workers easily
enhance their efficiency level which contribute in attaining positive outcomes. In this
context, Sun Court provide better training programs to its workers which may leads in
enhancing their productivity level. Occupational level: In this level, manager provide training as per workers requirements
by which they they effectively manage their working performance. Along with this,
manager make an effective as well as specific structure for employees. Furthermore, they
also determine their requirement at this level and provide them same. With the help of
this workers enhance their knowledge towards their work and task.
 Individual level: Under this level of organization, workers needs proper training so that
they improve their growth level and also enhance their skills and knowledge. In this, the
trainer determine the workers needs towards the training by assessing their performance
level. By this they effectively provide them better training session. Along with this, Sun
Court need funds when they face problems related to financial support. As for an
example: local authorities weakened investments to almost 25% of Sun court and at the
same time they had to locate foreign capitalist so that they won't face issues related to
finance. Thus, HR manager conduct better training programs in which they evaluate
workers needs towards the training. By this they improve their skills and knowledge in
most effective manner. Basically the main aim of this is to enhance performance level.
2.2 Various Advantages and Disadvantage of different training method
Training is one of the important aspect which helps in improving overall performance of
the workers at workplace. It also contribute in enhancing profitability level of the company at
market place (Gorman, 2017). Basically, it is used by manager to enhancing skilled workforce
within the organization. This consider various methods such as seminar, coaching and many
more. All these are helps in improving productivity level of the workers. In this context all these
methods are having some advantages and disadvantage are as follows:
Training Methods Advantages Disadvantage
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Seminar It is one of the effective method
which is more beneficial for those
workers who easily get better
attention and do not prefer
reading.
By this people easily conduct
meeting and seminars in same
interest.
The main disadvantage of this
methods is that it consume
more time and money also.
This method also create issues
at the time of providing
information to others.
Mentoring This program help individuals to
attain better achievement by which
they easily enhance their learning.
With the help of this workers
easily find solution for any hard
situation.
The main advantage of this is that,
the mentor provide better
knowledge to their workers as per
continuous basis which helps them
in improving their skills.
The main issue of this methods
is that it create chances of
making mismatched pair.
Some time the manager feel
frustrated which negatively
affect workers performance.
Job Rotation It helps in enhancing workers
abilities by their they get promote
at high place at workplace.
By using this methods manager
easily determine workers abilities
and those areas in which
employees put their best efforts.
This methods is very time
consuming.
It creates negatively in
workers mind when they fails
in promoting in higher place.
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2.3 Systematic Approach to design a training event
It is more important for business organization to make an effective as well as systematic
approach which may leads in designing a training event. This will helps in improving workers
skills and knowledge in most effective manner (Marchington and et. al., 2016). In context of
Sun Court Ltd, manager also adopt a systematic approach which may leads in attaining better
results. In this there are some major steps are as follows: Identification of training needs: It is first and important step in which manager
determine workers training needs. With the help of this they easily provide them better
training session. In context of Sun Court Ltd, they provide training to their workers in
order to enhance their skills and knowledge in effective manner. Set objectives: Under this step, manager of the company set clear training objectives in
order to make effective process of training. All this objectives are discussed with all the
workers so that they effectively perform their duties. Plan and implement training: It is one of the important step of systematic approach in
which manager take decision towards the people, time, resources and many more. By
this, they effectively implement as well as plan an effective training.
 Evaluation of training: Under this last step, manager of business organization evaluate
the overall performance level of entire activities in order to measure effectiveness of
training session. For this they use various tools and techniques in which they easily assess
the workers performance at workplace.
Apart from this, implementation of training plan is also important for business
organization to improve overall performance level of the workers by enhancing their skills and
knowledge.
Basis Mentoring Seminar Action learning
Trainee name 5 trainees with HR
specialist.
HR and recruitment
department of business
organization.
10 Trainees
Location At workplace of the
company
Seminar room At conference hall
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Time duration 1 day 10-3 p.m. 3 days 1-3 p.m. 5 days 12-3 p.m.
Trainer Internal and external
members
Only internal members External members
Content Measuring workers
performance
Clear discussion with
staff members on
specific topic
Presentation
3.1 Evaluation of training event
There are various training approaches are used by company to enhance worker
performance. By this employees easily execute their activities and attain positive outcomes
(Reiche and et. al., 2016). Along with this, it is also important for manager to assess as well as
evaluate the effectiveness of the training events which may leads in getting positive outcomes. In
context of Sun Court Ltd. Various techniques are used by manager within their organization to
enhance overall performance level. All these can be understood by following techniques and
models:
Kirkpatrick Model: It is one of the effective and important model which used by business
organization to effectively analyse all the development session at workplace. Along with this, it
includes various aspects are as follows: Reaction: It is important for administration to evaluate as well as examine workers
response at the time of attending training session at workplace. By this they easily
determine their performance level. Learning: Under this step, manager assess the progress of workers and also determine
that workers are learn from learning events of not. It they not then they also provide their
support to improve their skills. Along with this, firm also measure their overall
performance level in systematic manner to increase the chances of improving their
learning. Behaviour: In this, manager assess the workers behaviour towards the training event
which helps in enhancing their productivity level at workplace.
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 Results: It is last and foremost stage in which manager evaluate the overall activities to
define the better outcome of the learning event which may leads in improving the
performance level of the workforce in most effective manner.
Apart from this CIRO Model is also used by company to analyse the performance level
of the workers in effective manner. This will aid in enhancing their productivity level. In this
context there are some various aspects which may aid in attaining better results. All these are as
follows: Context level: In this level, manager determine training needs of the workers which may
leads in enhancing heir performance level at workplace. Input level: It is one of the important level in which manager evaluate requirement of
resources which required for conducting better training programme. With the help of this
they improve performance level of the workers and also assess the effectiveness of the
training event (Russell and et. al., 2016). Reaction level: It is also consider as a important element in which manage determine
workers reaction towards the training programme. By this they effectively define the final
outcomes of the employees ion effective way.
 Output level: It is final stage as well as level which define effective evaluation of
employees performance which may leads in enhancing their morale towards the work and
their task at workplace.
3.2 Analysis of evaluation form
It is important for business organization to effectively analysis of evaluation form in
which manager define assessment of training session which may leads in improving productivity
level of the workers at workplace. Along with this, it also define various new and innovative
ways to accomplished quality services in front of market in this they set workers accordingly. By
this firm enhance their overall performance level. In this context there are some various level as
well as standards which show development of learning event in systematic manner. All these are
as follows: Workers response: It is one of the important approach in which manager have to
determine and examine the workers response at the time of attending training events.
Along with this, they also provide better support to staff members to effectively compete
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their task (Wehrmeyer, 2017). For improving their performance manager have to take
feedback by checking their effectiveness at workplace. Information acquisition: This approach is also a effective which used by HR
department. In this they assess all the outputs and inputs to take better decision at
workplace. Along with this, manager communicate with their staff members to find any
kind of issues. By this they easily improve effectiveness at workplace.
 Behavioural application: As per this approach manager as well as workers set all the
modification and adjustment which may assist in developing appropriate working
abilities at workplace. This will leads in increasing growth level of the company by
accomplishing their target in appropriate period of time.
3.3 Review the success of evaluation methods used
For attaining better results, it is important for business organization to effectively
evaluate the methods which used by them at workplace. In this context, Sun Court gather
relevant information by using appropriate approaches. With the help of this they easily formulate
an effective training programme. Along with this it also help workers to improve their
productivity level. Thus, various techniques are used by company for setting better event of
training. These can be understood by following methods are as follows:
 Psychological activity is an effective process which is used by business organization to
understand the workers views and opinion towards the training program. By this they
effectively perform the training session at workplace (Schady and et. al., 2015).
 By using training programs, manager easily improve workers skills and abilities by which
they easily perform their task and attain positive outcomes in appropriate time frame.
 Along with this, it is also important for manager to evaluate the changes in workers
behaviour after attending training session. As per this they get motivated towards the
work and activities.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it can be concluded that human resource are more
important for every business organization to attain positive outcomes. In this, they perform their
duties for attaining desirable goals and objectives. Along with this, manager also play important
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role in managing as well as coordinating at workplace. For attaining the same; they provide
better training and development programs to their workers to enhance their skills and knowledge
which may leads in improving their overall performance level. Furthermore, government also
vital role in providing better support to company for attaining competitive advantage at market
place.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Albrecht, S. L. and et. al., 2015. Employee engagement, human resource management practices
and competitive advantage: An integrated approach. Journal of Organizational
Effectiveness: People and Performance. 2(1). pp.7-35.
Barrales-Molina, V., Montes, F. J. L. and Gutierrez-Gutierrez, L. J., 2015. Dynamic capabilities,
human resources and operating routines: A new product development
approach. Industrial Management & Data Systems. 115(8). pp.1388-1411.
Baum, T. ed., 2016. Human resource issues in international tourism. Elsevier.
Baum, T., 2015. Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change?–A 2015 reprise. Tourism
Management. 50. pp.204-212.
Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.
Brewster, C. and Hegewisch, A. eds., 2017. Policy and practice in European human resource
management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield survey. Taylor & Francis.
Cascio, W., 2018. Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education.
Clark, W. C. and et. al., 2016. Boundary work for sustainable development: Natural resource
management at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
(CGIAR). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113(17). pp.4615-4622.
Correia, T., Dussault, G. and Pontes, C., 2015. The impact of the financial crisis on human
resources for health policies in three southern-Europe countries. Health Policy. 119(12).
pp.1600-1605.
de Andrade, L. O. M. and et. al., 2015. Social determinants of health, universal health coverage,
and sustainable development: case studies from Latin American countries. The Lancet.
385(9975). pp.1343-1351.
Goh, E., 2017. China in the Mekong River basin: the regional security implications of resource
development on the Lancang Jiang. In Non-Traditional Security in Asia. pp. 237-258.
Routledge.
Gorman, M., 2017. Development and the rights of older people. In The ageing and development
report. pp. 21-39. Routledge.
Marchington, M. and et. al., 2016. Human resource management at work. Kogan Page
Publishers.
Reiche, B. S. and et. al., 2016. Readings and cases in international human resource
management. Taylor & Francis.
Russell, Z. A. and et. al., 2016. Overqualified human resources, career development experiences,
and work outcomes: Leveraging an underutilized resource with political skill. Human
Resource Management Review, 26(2), pp.125-135.
Schady, N. and et. al., 2015. Wealth gradients in early childhood cognitive development in five
Latin American countries. Journal of Human Resources. 50(2). pp.446-463.
Wehrmeyer, W. ed., 2017. Greening people: Human resources and environmental management.
Routledge.
Online
Kolb's Learning Styles. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.ascl.org.uk/professional-development/>.
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