Improving E-commerce for Enhanced Business Performance using Website

The research study is based on investigating the business potential for the internet for small as well as medium sized enterprises mainly within UK. In this study, an e-commerce website is implemented for Greenwoods which improve its current business performance.

Running head: GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Method to improve e-commerce for enhanced business performance using website
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:

1GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Acknowledgement
Conducting the research study enhances me to improve my knowledge as well as analytical
ability. It gave me the chance to face challenges all the while and conquer them. It will not be
possible to conduct the research without the significant direction of my professors, companions
and every one of who have added to this advancing knowledge. I will also want to thank my
supervisor _________________ for helping me in my research work as well as given me his full
support during the research process. I would also thank all the participants within this study for
giving their time and helping me out. From the support of people, I am inspired to work on the
research in this subject area. Finally, thank you to my family members those help me and
encourage me.
Thank You.
Yours Sincerely,

2GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Abstract
E-commerce website is online process of purchasing of products and services from the
online store. The research study is based on investigating the business potential for the internet
for small as well as medium sized enterprises mainly within UK. In this study, an e-commerce
website is implemented for Greenwoods which improve its current business performance.
Currently, the company is operated traditionally, and it is not operated online. Therefore, an
online website is created for the company which offers SME which is cost effective as well as
reliable. It provides with an opportunity to compete with larger counterparts. Into the
informational age, it is seemed that each of the organization has its own website which is
designed as well as maintained the reputation of the company. The report is being provided with
building of the online business, therefore the legal as well as regulatory issues are also analyzed.
Based on online perspective, e-commerce is provided ability to buy as well as sell of products on
the internet. Mainly, this project is based on online perspective through which the researcher
develops an e-commerce website for selling and buying of men’s wears through online mode.
The rationale of this project study is development of e-commerce website for a retail store which
is facing problems due to its traditional retail business. The website allows the retail store to sell
their products and services to online audiences. The focus of this study is to find the impacts and
also challenges of the e-commerce in the selected company. After the design of the website,
implementation is to be done with testing of the sites by use of various testing tools as well as
techniques. The customers can able to search for various items online and can buy the item not
going to the store through only one-click on the computer mouse. The research study is mainly
focused on the benefits of e-commerce website in the retail industry; issues that Greenwoods
face in their traditional business operations and development of e-commerce website improve

3GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
business performance of Greenwoods. With the e-commerce website, the suppliers decrease
inventory cost of the goods that they can able to automate inventory management. The online
business opportunities of Greenwoods are to manage the suppliers, communicate with the
customers, offer of services online, allow the customers to purchase online along with research
on competitors. The online business opportunities change offline aspects of business like
promotions and range of products.

4GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background of the research project.......................................................................................6
1.2 Aims and objectives of the project........................................................................................7
1.3 Research project questions....................................................................................................8
1.4 Scope of the work..................................................................................................................8
1.5 Problem context.....................................................................................................................9
1.6 Rationale of the project........................................................................................................10
1.7 Limitations of the project.....................................................................................................10
Chapter 2: Analysis........................................................................................................................12
2.1 Identification and analysis of the problem...........................................................................12
2.2 Literature Review................................................................................................................13
2.2.1 E-commerce information management.........................................................................13
2.2.2 Benefits of e-commerce for retail industry...................................................................15
2.2.3 Issues that Greenwoods face in traditional business operations...................................18
2.2.4 Development of e-commerce website improve business performance of Greenwoods
...............................................................................................................................................20
2.3 Discussion and justification of the product requirements....................................................22
2.4 Justification of tools and techniques in the project work....................................................27
Chapter 3: Synthesis......................................................................................................................32
3.1 Design..................................................................................................................................32
3.1.1 Research about various E-commerce websites.............................................................32
3.1.2 Requirements Analysis.................................................................................................32
3.1.3 System Architecture and Design..................................................................................36

5GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
3.2 Implementation....................................................................................................................43
3.2.1 Implementation of main web application.....................................................................44
3.2.2 Header of the website...................................................................................................45
3.2.3 Creation of tab menu structure and pages.....................................................................46
3.2.4 Home page of the website.............................................................................................47
3.2.5 The application page.....................................................................................................50
3.2.6 Blogs in the website......................................................................................................53
3.2.7 Implementation of plugin.............................................................................................57
3.3 Testing.................................................................................................................................60
3.3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................60
3.3.2 Overview of the test architecture..................................................................................60
3.3.3 Discussion on the Content Management System..........................................................61
3.3.4 System under test..........................................................................................................65
3.3.5 Test architecture for communication purposes.................................................................68
3.3.6 Summary.......................................................................................................................68
Chapter 4: Evaluation and Conclusions.........................................................................................71
4.1 Evaluation of the product.....................................................................................................71
4.2 Evaluation of the project process.........................................................................................72
4.3 Conclusion and recommendations.......................................................................................73
References......................................................................................................................................78
Appendix – Website......................................................................................................................89

6GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the research project
The general computing project is based on improving the e-commerce for enhanced
business performance by developing of an e-commerce website. The selected organization for
this project is “Greenwoods”; it is chain of menswear stores with it does headquarter is in
Bradford, England. The products of Greenwoods are suits, jackets, shoes, shirts, pants and other
accessories (Greenwoodsonline.com 2015). The company faces various problems due to not
operating its business online, therefore the company faces challenges of low productivity and
profitability. Gregory, Ngo and Karavdic (2017) stated that invention of faster internet
connectivity along with online tools result into e-commerce website. This website offers
advantages to Greenwoods and their customers. The proposed e-commerce website of
Greenwoods consists of purchasing as well as selling of the products throughout electronic
system such as computer network, internet. The website has significant option of the business as
it develops an online store for Greenwoods. The customers can purchase the products 24*7 a day
which provides them with shopping experience (Wang, Wang and Liu 2016). E-commerce is
preferred as best way of shopping due to its easiness in addition to convenience. The customers
get description along with details from the catalog of products. With the e-commerce website,
the suppliers decrease inventory cost of the goods that they can able to automate inventory
management. In this way, the company can save the operational cost.
From the above discussion on e-commerce, it is observed that there are various benefits
and opportunities of e-commerce into retail industry. Greenwoods adopted of e-commerce and
enhanced their services and facilitated their customers which provide an impact on customer’s
behavior and industry (Turban et al. 2017). The focus of this study is to find the impacts and also

7GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
challenges of the e-commerce in the selected company. Jarvinen and Karjaluoto (2015)
suggested that rapid emergence of the e-commerce into Greenwoods changed the business nature
of the company rapidly. Chi, Zhao and George (2015) stated that the e-commerce website
provides many opportunities for creating better business economics. Through development of the
e-commerce website, the company can better understand their customers. The customers can able
to search for various items online and can buy the item not going to the store through only one-
click on the computer mouse or Smartphone. The developed e-commerce website helps to
provide brand awareness into online landscape.
Wang, Pauleen and Zhang (2016) defined the definition of e-commerce into four
different perspectives. Firstly, on communication perspective, e-commerce is delivery of
information, products and services over the computer network and other means of electronic
means. Based on business perspective, e-commerce is application of technology towards
automate the business transactions. Based on service perspective, e-commerce is the tool to
address customers, managing to cut the service cost at the time of improving quality of goods
(Chuang and Lin 2017). Finally, based on online perspective, e-commerce is provided ability to
buy as well as sell of products on the internet. Mainly, this project is based on online perspective
through which the researcher develops an e-commerce website for selling and buying of men’s
wears through online mode.
1.2 Aims and objectives of the project
The project is aimed to develop an e-commerce website for Greenwoods to improve their
business performance by increasing their sales in the UK market. The study identifies the
problems into the traditional business of Greenwoods. The project also evaluates the benefits of
online retailing by use of e-commerce website. The online marketplaces allow anyone to set up

8GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
an online shop and sell their products in minutes to improve business performance. The aim of
the e-commerce website is to sell their products online and the customers buy those products.
Based on the selected project topic, following are the objectives of this project work:
 To identify the benefits of e-commerce in the business operations of Greenwoods
 To develop an e-commerce website for the company
 To identify the critical success factors which make e-commerce business more profitable
 To identify the factors which provide an impact on the business performance of
Greenwoods
1.3 Research project questions
Based on the above mentioned objectives, following are the project questions for this
particular project study which are evaluated as:
1. What are the benefits of e-commerce website in the retail industry?
2. What are the issues that Greenwoods face in their traditional business operations?
3. How does development of e-commerce website improve business performance of
Greenwoods?
1.4 Scope of the work
The research project deals with the impact of e-commerce website on the business
performance with respect to retail industry. It also evaluates how e-commerce drives competitive
advantage, enhances brand reputation and increases the return of investment. The scope of this
study evaluates the business performance of Greenwoods by use of e-commerce website. It
discusses the critical success factors which make an e-commerce business more profitable in
retail industry. The e-business development process is included of some phases such as analysis,

9GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
design, and implementation and testing. The goal of this general computing project is to assess
methods adapted to e-commerce business in retail related companies and the factors which
define the success of e-commerce. The study also draws attention towards changing patterns into
retail. Timely along with accurate information about products and services are key requirements
towards satisfaction of the customer’s demand. The entire online process is based on
development, marketing, selling, servicing along with paying the products as well as services.
Greenwoods should witness an e-commerce success stories in their retailing in suits, jackets,
shoes, shirts, pants and other accessories. The scope of this study is to analyze the challenges of
traditional retailers so that the researcher can properly identify the benefits of e-commerce
website.
1.5 Problem context
Greenwoods continue to improve as well as upgrade their store’s image with investment
programme that is funded by patent company, Pacific Trend Investment. The company is
struggling to grow its profitability in the UK market due to its traditional retailing and the result
is that their stores are closed in some places. The problems that Greenwoods face in their stores
are poor customer service, lack of packing facilities, poor display of the products, location of
store at a distance, availability of the old stocks in addition to improper weighing of the products
in the order (Sun et al. 2015). It affects the business reputation of Greenwoods at a high which
decreases their productivity along with profitability. It also affects the market share along with
revenue of the company. There are also problems of improper billing at the store due to credit
accounting problems, poor visual merchandise, and poor quality of services by the staffs and no
selling is fixed amount to each one. The retailers are also faced issues when they are
experiencing a various types of constraints into retailing of menswear within the city. The

10GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
constraints into retailing are taken at highest priority based on perception of the retailers (Popa,
Soto-Acosta and Loukis 2016). These particular problems are solved by development of an e-
commerce platform for Greenwoods so that their stores are sell their products and services online
in an efficient way. The e-commerce website reduces their operational cost and transaction
problems.
1.6 Rationale of the project
With advancement of the technology as well as internet, more people are turning towards
the web for different reasons. It is no longer to search information and connect to people but it
becomes an e-commerce platform for the customers and retailers to sell as well as buy the
products. The rationale of this project study is development of e-commerce website for a retail
store which is facing problems due to its traditional retail business. The website allows the retail
store to sell their products and services to online audiences. The reasons behind selection of this
project topic are to develop the business performance of Greenwoods by e-commerce platform. It
leads to better sell of the products and increase revenue of the company. It is easier to set an e-
commerce platform as compared to run a physical store in UK. It reduces the problems of
transactions as there is higher issue of billing using credit account information. Therefore, this
project work increases profitability for managing and running the online store.
1.7 Limitations of the project
The scope of this study is limited to how the e-commerce as the business channel is being
established into retail industry. Other organizations are not included into this study based on any
other sector. There is design limitation into the website to show the business images. There are
also internet limitations into the project which hampers the development of e-commerce website.
When the internet goes down then it goes down and it affects the website development work.

11GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
The display of website serves as design limitation for the designer. Due to business reasons,
sometimes there is change into requirements into the feature of the website. Change into
requirements may change the suitable project e-commerce website solutions. There is also time
limit to develop the website based on the business requirements of Greenwoods.

12GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Chapter 2: Analysis
2.1 Identification and analysis of the problem
E-commerce is provided of easier way to sell the products to the larger customer base.
There is lot of competition among the e-commerce sites. When the users are land on the site of e-
commerce, then they are expected to find the products online easily (Kim and Peterson 2017).
The users are not sure about brand of the products what they are desired to purchase. They have
broad idea about what they are wanted to buy. Most of the customers are searched for the
products on Google rather to visit the e-commerce sites. Google takes the customers to the site of
e-commerce to search for the products. Choshin and Ghaffari (2017) stated that e-commerce
provides easier way to sell the products to larger customer base. There is lot of competition
among the e-commerce sites. The development of e-commerce website for retail industry leads
to fundamental change into the status of the customers and it also leads to fundamental shifts.
The current customer online shopping satisfaction as well as trust is not so high (Fang et al.
2014).
Greenwoods have no such online website for the selling of products to the customers;
therefore the company desires to implement an e-commerce site to increase their reputation into
the market. There is 1 percentage reduction into the customer satisfaction; it leads to average of
reduction of 5.08 percentages into return on investment (ROI). ROI increases due to satisfaction
to retain where there is a reduction (Ponte et al. 2015). The customer satisfaction is being related
to corporate profits. Into the e-business environment, the satisfaction of customer, if the company
is not making good goods will not to be sold, it is damned to fail throughout the customer
satisfaction models (Luo and Chea 2017). The company grasps reason for the satisfaction of

13GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
customers as well as dissatisfaction, as well as then the customers are not analyzed implied
forecast of potential demands, therefore promotion of products as well as services and innovation
are not done properly.
2.2 Literature Review
As the e-commerce is growing as well as exploiting attributes to the internet, then it has
significant effects on the national economics as well as structure of industry. Due to increasing
level of the outsourcing opportunities, the business is exploited benefits of the e-commerce by
decoupling as the links of the production chain seeks efficient as well as lower cost supplier into
the marketplace of UK (Hartono et al. 2014). The internet has global reach; therefore new
marketplace becomes product of globalization, which leads to the internet as well as e-commerce
for further process of the global integration. E-commerce is modern business methods which
improve over quality of product as well as services, delivery time, manufacturers as well as
demand of customers (Turban et al. 2015). This particular concept is used for finding
information throughout the computer networks for supporting of decision making. Throughout
the implementation of e-commerce website, the buyers as well as sellers linked to future e-
commerce elements of information throughout computer networks which link to the buyers as
well as sellers.
2.2.1 E-commerce information management
Chen et al. (2015) discussed that e-commerce is relied on communication as well as
exchange of information. Most of the communication with the business of e-commerce is being
transmitted electronically. Bilgihan et al. (2014) argued that digital communication makes easier
to capture as well as use of information throughout the distribution processes. There are various
components into the e-commerce information system such as customer database, processing of

14GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
customer’s order, filling of order, customer notification as well as updated product inventory.
The other components are sales by the product, product catalog, ordering of products online,
payment processing, shipping of information, tracking of order and interaction between customer
and business (Bao et al. 2016). There is integration of information system so that the information
is collected into one component which is being used into others. The information should be
secured, and those who have no access to the information are not able to access the confidential
information. The data are facts about people and events, account number, credit card number,
purchaser as well as supplier. Luo and Chea (2017) discussed that e-commerce is allowed the
information to flow among the organization as well as external customers, suppliers along with
competitors. The supply chain management is enabled organization to track of delivery of the
product by use of barcode as well as radio frequency identification (RFID) which is used to tag
to the customers directly. Kim and Peterson (2017) argued that this particular research study is
followed of business process design; change into world of work along with managerial roles.
The purpose of this particular paper is to analyze the impact of the e-commerce
information system on the business process roles along with change into the world of work. The
system is consisted of people, technology and managerial factors. Hartono et al. (2014) stated
that the system thinking is provided an analysis to understand the organizational theories,
stakeholders as well as innovative technologies for delivering structure into the knowledge based
(Choshin and Ghaffari 2017). Internet business is present day business techniques which enhance
over nature of item and additionally benefits, conveyance time, producers and request of clients
(Turban et al. 2015). This specific idea is utilized for discovering data all through the PC systems
for supporting of basic leadership. All through the usage of web based business site, the

15GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
purchasers and additionally dealers connected to future web based business components of data
all through PC systems which connect to the purchasers and in addition venders.
2.2.2 Benefits of e-commerce for retail industry
Luo and Chea (2017) stated that e-commerce consists of purchasing as well as selling of
the products in addition to services throughout the electronic system such as computer network
along with internet. E-commerce becomes a key significant option for the business into
developing of online stores for the retail industry. The selected retail industry for the project
paper is Greenwoods, a menswear store which is only selling of men’s products to the customers.
Huang et al. (2017) illustrated that with increase into demand of online purchasing, the
businesses are moving to the e-store. Within UK, more than 60 percentages of people are
purchased of goods online which results into increasing of figures constantly. The e-commerce
website revolutionized the company’s operations. The customers are purchasing of products
online 24*7 a day and the e-commerce website also provides an innovative shopping
experiences. There are few benefits of e-commerce website into the retail industry such as:
Convenience and easiness: E-commerce becomes preferred ways for shopping as the
company is enjoying online due to its easiness as well as convenience. Liang, Choi and Joppe
(2018) discussed that the company is allowed to buy their products as well as services from
home at anywhere and anytime (Lu, Fan and Zhou 2016). The most key significant benefit for
easier, quicker and user friendly use of e-commerce website is ability to transfer of the finds
online. Due to convenience, the customers can able to save lot of time, money by searching of
the products and doing the payment online.

16GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Offer of product datasheets: The customers can describe as well as provide details of the
products from the online product catalog. Nica (2015) stated that the customers can get full
details of the products no matter where they are and what is the time. Throughout the provided
information into the e-commerce website for particular product, the customers as well as
prospects are purchased the products or not.
Attract of customers with search engine: The physical retail store of Greenwoods is run
throughout the branding as well as relationships. The online retail drives by the traffic which
comes from the search engine. Chou and Hsu (2016) suggested that for the customers those are
never heard of the website and not familiar with it, then it is not common to follow the link into
the results of search engine. The e-commerce retailers can also keep eye on the buying habits of
the customers along with interests to suit with the customer’s requirements (Sullivan and Kim
2018). By satisfying the customers, the retailers can make an ongoing relationship with the
customers by building long lasting relations.
Comprise the warranty information: The customers are not aware of the important terms
as well as conditions which are linked with the purchase of products (Chen et al. 2015).
Therefore, online store can provide them warranty information with the descriptions of product,
datasheets with the e-commerce shopping cart.
Reduction in cost of inventory management: Chang (2015) discussed that with the e-
commerce business, the suppliers can able to decrease the cost to manage the inventory of goods
which can automate the inventory management with use of web based management system. It
also helps to save the operational cost.

17GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Competence: In order to do online business transactions, e-commerce becomes an
efficient method. Setting up the cost is low as compared to expansion of the business. Chou and
Hsu (2016) argued that licenses as well as permits are required to start the online business as
compared to the physical store (Luo et al. 2015). The online business store can save time, money
to perform of online transactions such as billing of customers, managing of inventory as well as
others.
Stay open to 24*7/365: One of the key significant benefits of e-commerce website is that
e-commerce merchants can enjoy the timings of store as it is open 24*7 and 365 days as they are
running the e-commerce websites. They should increase sales by boosting the number of orders
(Hsu, Chang and Chuang 2015). It is beneficial for the customers as they purchase of products
anytime whether it is early morning and mid-night.
Cost reduction: The positive thing about e-commerce is that the company can decrease
the cost of business such as advertising and marketing cost. The search engine traffic, social
media traffic as well as pay-per-click are the advertising channels which are cost effective
(Seetharaman et al. 2017). The e-commerce website also reduces the personnel cost as
automation of check put, billing process, payment and operational cost reduces the total number
of employees. The customers are not required to travel long distances to reach their own
requirements, by just clicking on the mouse, they can able to buy the products (Pee, Jiang and
Klein 2018). Therefore, they are not required to travel the store and have great shopping
experiences.
Expansion of market from the niche products: Into the physical world, it is critical for
both buyers as well as sellers to expand the market. The customers can able to reach the products

18GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
on web and they can purchase it from any place of world (Clemons et al. 2016). The customers
can find all kinds o products without any such hassle.
Web based business turns into a key huge choice for the business into creating of online
stores for the retail business. Huang et al. (2017) illustrated that with increment into request of
web based obtaining, the organizations are moving to the e-store. E-commerce is consisted of
purchasing as well as selling of the products along with services throughout the electronic system
such as computer network along with internet. Che, Cheung and Thadani (2017) stated that into
the modern world of technology, e-commerce becomes significant option for the businesses as
there are various companies those are interested into development of online stores. With an
increase into demand of the online purchasing, the businesses are moving towards e-store. Hsu,
Chang and Chuang (2015) cited that shopping through use of e-commerce website saves lot of
time of people, offers greater selection of product along with allows for savings of cost based on
taxes, price of product as well as saving of money. For the retailers, the benefits are equally
abundant. Ribadu and Rahman (2017) analyzed that more than 80 percent of the online
population are used of internet to buy and purchase online. The customers are expected to be
available along with its presence allows to keep with the business competition. The audiences are
flocked towards the competitors for making of online purchases.
2.2.3 Issues that Greenwoods face in traditional business operations
Liang, Choi and Joppe (2018) stated that the traditional retail stores are constrained by
the geography, location as well as size and based on advanced technology, the traditional
business is no more important. It becomes difficult for the traditional stores to sell further when
considers the limitation of time as well as geography. The traditional store requires to concern on
expenditure of the personnel cost, electricity, rents of store, tax and others. Chiu et al. (2018)

19GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
argued that the traditional business process can reach the customers by communication channels
such as face-to-face, telephone and others. The salesperson should have higher skills of
convincing power to influence the customers for shopping. Wang et al. (2017) discussed that
based on the traditional strategy; the retailer sells the products to the customers regard to
customer’s preferences. The companies are required to focus on quality of product as well as cost
along with channel dominance to cover the broader client base as well as achievement of more
sales (Lin, Yan and Chen 2017). Following are the issues which are faced by retail industry,
Greenwoods into the traditional business operations such as:
Cultural complexities: Into the traditional retail business, it is required to recognize the
customers, preferences as well as values into the market which is quite complex to perform.
People into various countries have different values as well as priorities on the products; therefore
it becomes difficult to meet with customer’s requirements all the time. Ribadu and Rahman
(2017) illustrated that in the traditional business operations, the retailers are not able to
understand the buying power of the customers. The business is required to know more about the
customers those are willing to pay for the product to stay competitive with the local markets.
Language barriers and various communication styles: The employees furthermore
retailers those have inability to communicate with the customers have biggest issues to sell the
products internationally. Differences into language are complex to sell and attach more
customers towards their retail business operations (Lu, Zeng and Fan 2016). Therefore,
communication preferences to receive of retail promotions into the country are key significant
requirement of the business.

20GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Shipping cost, taxes, export of laws and regulations: One of the barriers for the business
to sell the products in physical store are shipping cost, taxes, export and import of laws as well as
regulations. Che, Cheung and Thadani (2017) analyzed that the return process is frustrating for
the business organization as the retailers is required to follow the laws and regulations for each
country’s laws when selling of products to the customers. Processing returns are involved with
documentation as well as calculation of the shipping costs, border duties as well as taxes which
are paid to the foreign governmental for each of the marketplace.
Lack of customer loyalty: The customers are not loyal to the traditional business as now-
a-days; the online retailers are not able to provide required services and products to the
customers (Pee, Jiang and Klein 2018). In UK, most of the customers are engaged into online
retailing; therefore they are no more loyal to the traditional business operations of Greenwoods.
The customers are not coming to their store due to lack of products which results into losing of
customer loyalty.
Lack of supply chain management: The traditional business operations of Greenwoods
have lack of supply chain as they are not able to control over their supply chain operations. The
company is not able to deliver the customer required products, therefore most of the stores of
Greenwoods are going to be closed and some were already closed (Lu, Fan and Zhou 2016). In
the advanced world, the demands of customers are changing, and therefore the physical store
lacks their supply chain due to not meeting with customer’s demands.
2.2.4 Development of e-commerce website improve business performance of Greenwoods
Greenwoods are operating as a traditional retail industry which is not processing any
online business. The company is not selling their menswear products to men’s through use of e-

21GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
commerce website which affects their business performance (Liang, Choi and Joppe 2018). For
this reason, the store is wished to develop an e-commerce website for improving their retail
business performance of Greenwoods to become competitive in addition to productivity into the
UK marketplace. At first, Greenwoods make right platform for their e-commerce website to
enrich with features such as appealing design, smooth navigation, integration of third party and
others (Hartono et al. 2014). The Greenwoods store identifies the targeted customers as well as
creates of site which would cater with the expectations of their customers. Hsu, Chang and
Chuang (2015) argued that the website is easier for use and it is appealing to attract with the eye
of customers. Availability is one of the features of the online business with 24*7 available to the
customers. 24*7 customer support team is opted to do live chat with the customers. Che, Cheung
and Thadani (2017) noticed that significance of the personalized shopping is not ignored into the
competitive e-commerce website. Power of the social media is used to extend the online reach as
well as building of the brand.
The goal of the e-commerce website for Greenwoods is to get brand in front of the online
customers as possible so that the website can provide required online services 24*7. It
encompasses heart of the business performance. Hartono et al. (2014) recommended that for
doing online business is focused on four goals such as increasing conversions, prominent
placement into the Google search results, customer retention and better customer sales and
product exposure. After the development of online website, Greenwoods increases their online
sales as their primary goal of the business (Ribadu and Rahman 2014). There are various ways
which can make the sales online that can help the store to become more reorganization into the
UK marketplace. Liang, Choi and Joppe (2018) stated that digital marketing as well as customer
relationships ensured that the customers can again visit their website if they enjoy a good

22GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
experience of shopping. Lu, Fan and Zhou (2016) discussed that the business helps to ensure the
customers that online shopping experience is pleasant one for them to increase the business
productivity as well as profitability. The customers can able to navigate to the organizational
website which increases their search options.
The site is less demanding for utilizes and it is engaging draw in with the eye of clients.
Accessibility is one of the highlights of the online business with 24*7 accessible to the clients.
24*7 client bolster group is picked to do live talk with the clients. Hsu, Chang and Chuang
(2015) discussed that centrality of the customized shopping isn't disregarded into the aggressive
internet business site. Energy of the web-based social networking is utilized to expand the online
reach and also working of the brand. After the advancement of online site, Greenwoods expands
their online deals as their essential objective of the business (Hartono et al. 2014). There are
different ways which can make the deals online that can help the store to end up more redesign
into the UK commercial center. Liang, Choi and Joppe (2018) expressed that computerized
advertising and in addition client connections guaranteed that the clients can again visit their site
on the off chance that they appreciate a decent affair of shopping.
2.3 Discussion and justification of the product requirements
The chosen product for this project paper is an e-commerce website. Greenwoods desire
to implement an e-commerce website for the company as to have a website which becomes
convenient for the customers. From the past few years, there are many e-commerce websites
those are popping up as well as e-commerce are not becomes popular as there are not much safer
along with secured than it was years and years ago (Liang, Choi and Joppe 2018). The payments
services into the e-commerce are done through use of Smartphone with growing number of

23GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
individuals are used of ApplePay. 92 percent of people are used of this application to pay for
their purchase into the e-commerce website.
Pee, Jiang and Klein (2018) argued that most people are realized how it is convent to
shop online when people are looking for best services and products online. There is requirement
of e-commerce website for saving time of people, cost and efforts to go to the store and shop.
Ribadu and Rahman (2014) suggested that it becomes easier for people to live into rural areas to
find difficult for travel to city on daily basis for their buying and purchasing purposes. People are
informed along with provide control over buying decisions. With larger adoption of the e-
commerce, the customers consist of all information at the fingerprints. The customers are
dictated how they require to marker to as well as can decide where they require to buy from the
local shopping centre (Lu, Fan and Zhou 2016). 51 percent of UK customers are research the
products as well as services online before they go for actual purchases. Following are the product
requirements due to which Greenwoods develop the website for increasing business performance
such as:
Increase customer satisfaction: The website makes the customers easier to purchase of
their products. Most of people are likely to visit the website, rather than to drive the car to the
physical location and then browse of the products (Hsu, Chang and Chuang 2015). From the
point of view of customers, it is better to buy and purchase of products online.
Increase the customers: Most of the business has local popularity which is operating into
online business before Greenwoods. There are various customers those are outside of the city.
The website helps to generate more and more customers, not outside of the city but it helps to
gain customers worldwide. Liang, Choi and Joppe (2018) illustrated that the internet is offering

24GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
the global community which not only gain customers but also helps to achieve business
productivity. With operating the e-commerce website, the business is visible around the
worldwide (Ribadu and Rahman 2014). The website should gain loyal customers towards their
business to help in business grow.
Accessibility: In the traditional store, in a certain time, the customers are turned away due
to closing time. However, the website is not required to close, it is available 24*7 and 365 days
to the customers, therefore they can anytime and anywhere access to the website. Che, Cheung
and Thadani (2017) termed that the customers should look for the website in place of going to
the shop as it is more accessible. It should be ensured that the company should post enough
information about their products and services and should update their customers about new
arrivals.
Better relationship: In order to have an e-commerce website helps to build better
relationships with the customers. Through e-mail, the retailers can able to send messages
instantly to the customers. Hsu, Chang and Chuang (2015) stated that the customers can also
review the products online as well as leave the feedback for the business. It is required to build a
good relationship with the customers by providing them updated information about business
through messages and emails. The website also creates a blog page for the company so that fresh
content are to be posted help to keep the website more attractive to eyes of customers (Lu, Fan
and Zhou 2016). The company should also provide reason to come back to the website by
regularly updated the blog as well as content portion of their site.
Increase into sales: The website should drive more people towards their site by updating
as well as promoting content of the website (Pee, Jiang and Klein 2018). If the site is more

25GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
informative, then it is possible to increase the business sales along with increase into business
performance.
Publicity and advertising: The requirement of product is focused in terms of advertising
as well as publicity of the business. Hartono et al. (2014) defined that the cost to have a business
website is lower, but the company should provide a proper domain name as well as good quality
of webhosting. There is minimal ongoing cost, but the return on investment is significant. Use of
company’s name as the domain name helps to search for the website easier. Hsu, Chang and
Chuang (2015) acknowledged that there should be addition of shopping element into the website
if the company is into sales; it allows the customers to purchase the products directly from the
website for 24 hours a day.
Secure the brand: In order to have a business website is not an advantage but it is
required to increase the performance as well as productivity of business. Ribadu and Rahman
(2014) argued that it is a risk when the business has no business website and a secured domain
name which should be relevant to the business. The online business opportunities of Greenwoods
are to manage the suppliers, communicate with the customers, offer of services online, allow the
customers to purchase online along with research on competitors (Pee, Jiang and Klein 2018). It
must be kept in mind that there are various online tools as well as techniques which are available
to change as well as evolve the business.
Consumer insights: Liang, Choi and Joppe (2018) stated that the analytical tools allow
identifying the customers, how they can able to find the website and adaption of the business for
maximization of the purchase throughout the website. There are diverse range of data availability
can help to better understand the social media channels which affect the brand. The online

26GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
business opportunities change offline aspects of business like promotions and range of products.
From the research, it is found that 7 out of 10 customers are expecting the brands to have content
online about the business (Lu, Fan and Zhou 2016). The website should become single greater
marketing as well as sales tools for the customers to gain a perfect business performance.
The website will become a unique online presence into the UK marketplace and other
to increase interests of their customers into online shopping. Hsu, Chang and Chuang (2015)
discussed that implementation of website is not enough to improve the business performance, but
the website should also be attractive to the customers. There should be a higher load time of the
website to increase of business performance. Liang, Choi and Joppe (2018) argued that now-a-
days, the customers have no patience to have such website which has poor load speed and
insufficient performance. The proper load time of a website is 2 seconds, if it is not loaded into 3
seconds, then the users are be apt to abandon the website. It ought to be guaranteed that the
organization should post enough data about their items and benefits and should refresh their
clients about fresh debuts (Pee, Jiang and Klein 2018).
The customers are expected to use the web page to load it faster and they are no stick
around if it is not. The website should also provide value added content which serves the
requirements of target audiences. Hartono et al. (2014) discussed that the updated information
are enhanced the brand, builds the trust as well as attracts the customers to the business. Ribadu
and Rahman (2014) mentioned that a proper attractive website helps to build a competitive
advantage into the retail marketplace. Therefore, for all the mentioned reasons, Greenwoods
decide to implement an e-commerce website into their retail business operations for making
improvement over their business to gain competitive advantage as well as more productivity on
the menswear. Each of the e-commerce sites is enriched with new features like appealing design,

27GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
smooth navigation, integration of third party and others. Choosing of best e-commerce platforms
are also required to support its functionalities (Abrahamsson et al. 2017). Due to its 24*7
customer services, e-commerce is considered as a better availability to the customers.
Modi, Singh and Chauhan (2017) suggested that due to harnessing power of the social
media platforms such as Facebook, Instragram, it is required to extend the online reach as well as
building of the brand. AT the time of doing the online shopping, the shoppers are picked the
products based on what they see into the website, therefore they are required to compromise with
the products as it can make as well as break the businesses. Luo, M.M. and Chea (2014) argued
that technical integrations like the payment gateway as well as shipping modules are required to
run the online store into smooth as well as streamlined manners. Before delivery of the product
to the customers, they can track the details about where the product is and if it is on the way to
deliver. They can track their ordered items before the delivery as well as asked for the feedback
post delivery (Brhel et al. 2015). Such practices can foster the trust of customers as well as get
them back for more. Overnight success is required to blunder the online seller makes, and it is
required to become realistic which let the business grow on time.
2.4 Justification of tools and techniques in the project work
In the software project work, the methods which are used to perform the project work are
Software Development Life cycle (SDLC), which is a conceptual model used into the project
management to describe the stages which are involved into the development of website. It
performs the feasibility study throughout maintenance of completed e-commerce website.
Different types of SDLC methods are developed to guild the process which is involved into the
project work (Abrahamsson et al. 2017). This particular project is based on general computing
project which includes of design, implementation and testing phases. The web development

28GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
project management takes various paths and based on project management approach; there is
determination of success and failure of the project. Among all the project management
methodologies, agile web development is used. It is used into developed projects which require
more flexibility as well as speed (Modi, Singh and Chauhan 2017). This method is composed of
short delivery cycles. The agile is best suited for the projects which require lesser control as well
as real time communication into self-motivated team settings. Wernet et al. (2016) stated that
agile is interactive and allowed for making rapid adjustments into the project work. Mainly, this
method is used into software development project as it is easier to identify the challenges into the
website and perform modifications early into the development processes. It will have to wait
until completion of testing phase. Butterfield et al. (2016) argued that agile is offered of
repeatable processes and allowed for immediate feedback with provided faster turnaround as
well as reduced complexity.
The main objective of agile software processes are customer’s satisfaction, so that it is
focused on single requirements with various iterations. Following are the features of agile
development approach which are included such as:
 It ensures a basic level of dedicated time to be focused on high priority of the
website functionality.
 It avoids long scope phase at the starting for budgeting at task level. It avoids of
in-scope as well as out of scope conversations (Akman et al. 2016).
 It allows for new features to roll out, and employed flexible as well as agile based
on the development approach, which often pushes new releases for every two
weeks (Luo, M.M. and Chea 2014).

29GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
 It supports of communication as well as strong partnership among the clients as
well as project team (Joslin and Muller 2015).
 The agile process is decomposed of complete system into manageable pieces.
Modularity plays a key significant role into development processes. As agile
process is iterative in nature, it needs of time limits on each of modules with
respect to the project life cycle (Abrahamsson et al. 2017).
 Because of iterative nature of the agile process, various types of risks are
occurred. Adaptive characteristics of the agile process is allowed to adapt of the
process for attacking new challenges and permits changes into the real time
project requirements (Smith 2015).
 As agile process becomes modular in nature, therefore it is required to be good
communication among the software development teams. Various modules are
integrated at end of software development process.
There are some disadvantages of the agile software development methodology such as:
 In case of the software deliverables, it is critical to assess efforts needed at
starting of the software development life cycle (Turk, France and Rumpe 2014).
 There are lacks of emphasis which are required designing as well as
documentation.
 This project work is getting taken off from the track if the customers are not clear
about the final outcomes that they are required (Brhel et al. 2015).
 The senior programmers have ability to take kind of decisions which are required
throughout the development process. Hence, there is no place for the

30GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
programmers unless it is combined with the experienced resources (Wang et al.
2017).
At the time when changes are required to be implemented, freedom agile provides
changes which are key significant requirements. New changes are to be implemented at little cost
as due to frequency of new increments which are produced. In order to implement of new
features into the website, the developers are required to lose the work within few ways and it
takes hours to roll back as well as implement it. Kim and Peterson (2017) stated that agile
software development is referred to as the software development methodologies which are based
on iterative development where the product requirements are evolved throughout collaboration
among the functional team of members. Chen et al. (2015) argued that agile methods are
promoted a disciplined process of project management which encourages of proper inspection as
well as adaption of project work. Luo and Chea (2017) discussed that agile development is such
a process which is aligned with concepts of agile manifesto. It is a process of framework which
is followed to process and consistent into the software methodology. This agile software
development methodology is concerned with performance as well as flow of entire system. In
other word, agile methodology is such a practice which can promote continuous iteration into the
development along with testing of the e-commerce website throughout the software development
life cycle (Smith 2015). It is the main process for development of the website for improving and
increasing the business performance of Greenwoods retail industry.
Abrahamsson et al. (2017) stated that it is required for the e-commerce stores to ensure
that the data is proper. It is found that successful online store as well as inaccurate data can
damage the trust of the customers along with compromise the operations of store. The agile is
most appropriate for the tasks which require lesser control and in addition ongoing

31GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
correspondence into self-inspired group settings. Wernet et al. (2016) expressed that dexterous is
intuitive and considered influencing quick changes into the venture to work. Principally, this
strategy is utilized into programming advancement venture as it is less demanding to distinguish
the difficulties into the site and perform adjustments ahead of schedule into the improvement
forms. It should hold up until consummation of testing stage. Akman et al. (2016) expressed that
agile programming advancement is alluded to as the product improvement philosophies which
depend on iterative advancement where the item necessities are developed all through
coordinated effort among the useful group of individuals. Turk, France and Rumpe (2014)
contended that lithe strategies are advanced a restrained procedure of task administration which
supports of legitimate assessment and additionally adaption of undertaking work (Luo and Chea
2017). In all this respect, agile is the best suited method for making improvement into the e-
commerce website. After making a plan to implement the website, a design is made, which is
then implemented and finally it is tested to make sure that the website is working properly and it
should meet with the improvement in business performance.

32GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Chapter 3: Synthesis
3.1 Design
3.1.1 Research about various E-commerce websites
Building up a web application for Greenwoods, which can be refreshed with most recent
data effectively and rapidly alongside completely utilitarian online journals, was the essential
requirement for this task. For refreshing data about the retail location on the fundamental site, the
web chairman ought to have the capacity to do as such by exploring through straightforward
interface, while for posting suppositions on the web journals, a client ought to be given a well-
known simple to-utilize interface (Coronel and Morris 2016). While investigating through
organizations sites, distinctive sort of blog usefulness and their introduction was watched.
Feelings composed in various classes were an intriguing component. After this investigation,
necessities to make a web application and a blog with simple substance administration, control of
the remarks and keeping off spam was required. From a client viewpoint, web journals with
snappy and simple sign in process and highlights like pursuit, simple to explore through the data
posted and updates of late exercises were required.
3.1.2 Requirements Analysis
Functional requirements
A practical necessity characterizes what a site and its part are and what these segments
should achieve. The accompanying useful necessities were accumulated and there data sources,
conduct and yield are talked about underneath:

33GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Site should have an address that can without much of a stretch be recollected. The name
http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/is enlisted with the host server. Client input is simply to type
the total site address and handling is finished by have server in showing greeting page of the site.
On the Main Page of the Website, data identified with the substance ought to be shown in
a sorted out arrangement. Fundamental Page required logo of Greenwoods on the pole of the site.
Under the principle header a few tabs, for example, Home, Membership, Blog, Polls, Events,
Gallery, Payments and Dues, About Us and Contact Us are accommodated simple route. A client
input is either by tapping on the tabs or floating on the tab for dropdown menu and afterward
choosing the tab.
Contingent on the substance of the data a portion of these tabs have a dropdown menu.
Participation has three dropdown tabs Member Login, Membership Information and Application
for Membership. GRNWDS Online shop has four dropdown alternatives. Surveys have one
dropdown tab Archived Polls. Exhibition has two dropdown menus Photo and Video, which
clients can access by choosing their decision of photographs and recordings (Lee, Tewold and
Kwon 2014). Installments and Dues have a dropdown menu choice of receipt at DropBox. About
us comprises of five dropdown tabs Management, History, Constitution and Philosophy of the
organization. "https://www.greenwoodsonline.com/" is a connection of an alternate site that
gives data about the organization does not have any dropdown tabs. Occasion Tab shows Event
Calendar that showcases data about the up and coming occasions. Web journals tab diverts the
client to an alternate page while most recent blog entries tab is an extremely straightforward
syndication (RSS) channel of online journals most recent posts that gives late connects to the
posts which are posted on the blog. Feedburner is utilized to interface the current post action of
the blog to the fundamental web application.

34GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Get in touch with us tab takes the client to a page which have a frame to contact
executive of the site.
Non-Functional requirements
The non-useful prerequisites are recorded in this area to recognize the real tasks of the
framework. There are different sorts of non-practical prerequisites like execution, security,
unwavering quality, viability, extensibility, possibility, prudent, operational, specialized which
are recorded in this segment and they are regularly called characteristics (Agababov et al. 2015).
Performance requirements
greenwoods.cloudaccess.host ought to be the site giving data to customers and studies.
The principle purpose behind making this site is to stay in contact with clients and give them a
stage so clients can buy items on the web. Clients can get refreshed and steady data through this
site.
Security requirements
Security and organization is dependably a worry. All data on the principle site and online
journals is secured. Just site chairman approaches the dashboard for the two online journals and
fundamental site to control the highlights. This task utilizes WordPress as backend, which have
different layers of security and alongside PHP, security prerequisites have been dealt with.
Maintainability requirements
There is one standard layout utilized for one look and feel all through the site. The site
can be extended to suit numerous further modules without rolling out any improvements to any

35GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
current modules. The web application is made such that the chairman can without much of a
stretch keep up both at a server and customer sides.
Feasibility study
An essential result of the preparatory examination is to decide the practicality of the
undertaking. The principle point of the achievability think about movement is to decide if it
would be monetarily and in fact practical to build up a venture. The possibility consider action
includes the investigation of the issue and accumulation of all important data identifying with the
item, for example, the distinctive information things which would be contribution to the
framework, the preparing required to be completed on these information, the yield required to be
created by the framework and in addition the different imperatives on the conduct of the
framework (Harrington 2016). Amid plausibility examine the greater part of the abnormal state
building outline choices are made.
Operational feasibility
The proposed venture is useful just on the off chance that it is transformed into data
frameworks that will meet the association's working prerequisites. This trial of practicality
inquires as to whether the framework will work when it is created and introduced. A factor
considered for operational attainability is that the proposed venture be gainful to clients since it
offers more noteworthy help to potential individuals and stick respects to interface
neighborliness, simple access and simple in understanding the stream of the framework (Richey
and Klein 2014). This undertaking meets operational plausibility as it has data that is by and
large constantly refreshed. Current prerequisite of Greenwoods is to have a site where data can

36GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
be refreshed and gotten to. At exhibit this web application is sent on have server and is filling in
according to set necessities.
Technical feasibility
Specialized possibility includes the product and equipment prerequisites to build up this
site. Equipment isn't an issue as it keeps running on any PC which is associated with the Internet.
The proposed innovation needs to meet all product prerequisites, by considering factors like, the
program bolster for PHP alongside essential web advancements. This web application utilizes
WordPress as CMS which depends on PHP and different applications are likewise created
utilizing PHP or HTML. Every one of the prerequisites are effectively meet with open source
advances.
Economic feasibility
Reasonable spending plan, budgetary advantages, speculation versus benefit are
enormous components for financial achievability. This web application just needs an executive
who can control both fundamental application and online journals. Consequently any additional
labor to keep up the site is not required (Stanney and Hale 2014). Likewise as this venture was
created utilizing open source innovation no extra financing is required for innovation. Along
these lines, this undertaking is impeccably financially plausible.
3.1.3 System Architecture and Design
System architecture
At the point when a client asks for a page, utilizing web program and Internet, the demand is
gotten by web server (HostGator). The web server has and handles the demand for the site. The
server gets ready to send an asked for page to the client utilizing the Internet. As this procedure

37GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
experiences three layer of connection, this web application can be considered as Three-Tiered
Web Application, which is made of:
1. The First Tier: Content administration framework pages made in PHP which are
rendered by the program.
2. The Middle Tier: Application motor, to create pages powerfully utilizing web
innovation (e.g., PHP)
3. The Third Tier: Database, permits to store information for the web application. The
framework can oversee application content information by collaborating with the database
utilizing MySQL.
At the point when a client asks for a page from the server, the server runs a server side
PHP preprocessor to execute and process the asked for page and produce the yield that the
program will perceive. PHP preprocessor produced yield is substituted by the web server and set
up of PHP content and is sent to the web program where it is shown to the client. The page
which is shown to the client is in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The web program translates the
page content start to finish as it comes. HTML contains content data, request of substance and
arrangement of the substance of that specific page. The CSS demonstrates content properties, for
example, how the data looks (Montgomery 2017). The Java Script incorporates the client activity
in light of occasions. The instance of the site depends on content administration framework. The
Admin Dashboard is where every one of the highlights of the web application are controlled. The
web head alters substance in the dashboard. These substance can be from modules, which are
improvements for the web application and subjects which is a look and feel of the site. These
adjustments are put away in the database. Presently frontend comes into the photo which

38GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
consolidates the progressions and in the wake of adjusting them with the database, website pages
to the client are shown.
Database design
For this application to work, MySQL database has been introduced and designed to store
all site's substance. Center records don't really store the substance of web application; they
simply drive the web application, give the capacities important to get to content from the
database and show it properly. Database is imperative. On the off chance that database is lost, at
that point entire web application is lost. In this way reinforcement of the database is principal.
HostGator web have moves down database frequently alongside all the web application record.
In the plan stage, every one of the prerequisites were investigated and in view of the necessities
database was intended to store all the data for the web application (Goodyear 2017). There are
two databases for this web application 'wordpressgentry' and 'green'. wordpressgentry database
stores all the data about the principle site while green database stores all the data about the web
journals. The table underneath depicts the substance of the tables for
"http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/?page_id=29". On the blog's different exercises are
happening, for example, new post creation and new answer or remarks to a current. This data is
being put away in various tables.wp_posts,which is a critical table as it stores the blog
information. Pages and route menu things are additionally put away in this table. wp_term table
handles the class, connection or tag made for every .wp_users keeps up the rundown of clients
enrolled with blog according to their part. Figure 4.3 presentations the database tables that are
utilized for the fundamental site. All the distinctive highlights on the primary site, for example,
Membership Application, Polls, Archived Polls, Event Calendar, Photos, Videos and Contact Us
information is put away in various database tables.

39GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Table Name Description
wp_commentmeta Each remark highlights data called the meta information and it is put away in the
wp_commentmeta.
wp_comments The remarks inside blog are put away in the wp_comments table.
wp_links The wp_links holds data identified with the connections went into the Links
highlight of blog.
wp_options The Options set under the Administration >Settings board are put away in the
wp_options table.
wp_postmeta Each post highlights data called the meta information and it is put away in the
wp_postmeta. Some modules may add their own particular data to this table.
wp_posts The center of the blog information is the posts. It is put away in the wp_posts
table. Additionally Pages and route menu things are put away in this table.
wp_terms The classes for the two posts and interfaces and the labels for posts are found
inside the wp_terms table.
wp_term_relationships Posts are related with classifications and labels from the wp_terms table and this
affiliation is kept up in the wp_term_relationships table. The relationship of
connections to their separate classifications is additionally kept in this table.
wp_term_taxonomy This table portrays the scientific (classification, connection, or tag) for the
sections in the wp_terms table.
wp_usermeta Every client highlights data called the meta information and it is put away in
wp_usermeta.
wp_users The rundown of clients is kept up in table wp_users.
The table below describes the database tables which are designated for the current
features of the main web application.

40GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Table Name Description
wordpressgentry.regsiter Customer Membership
wordpressgentry.cart Cary
wordpressgentry.items Purchased items
wordpressgentry.wp_calendar Calendar
wordpressgentry.wp_nng_gallery Photos
wordpressgentry.wp_hdflvvideoshare_med2play Videos
wordpressgentry.wp_formbuilder_fields Contact Us
Plugins
WordPress content administration framework gives a capable device called Plugins.
Modules are open source and goes about as apparatus to expand the usefulness of WordPress.
Modules misuse highlights of WordPress, for example, the adaptability and limit code swell.
Modules can be made or there are different open source modules which offer custom capacities
and highlights with the goal that web overseers can utilize them in their site for particular needs.
Modules are made out of PHP contents which offer new augmentations to the web application.
Figure 4.4 portrays the module structure when added to this substance administration framework.
Modules positions itself on the highest point of the web application center documents and
highlight record (Al-Qeisi et al. 2014). So Plugins are introduced after the web application
primary layer and additionally required highlights have been set up. Also, if there is need of
more highlights, Plugins sit over the web application to make it more entire. Modules are
additionally simple to utilize. Web executive can introduce them from the dashboard. After
establishment they should be initiated. Once actuated, Plugin are prepared for use by the web

41GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
chairman and additionally by the clients of the web application. Usage of modules is portrayed in
Section 3.2.7.
File structure
At the point when the client's address http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host through their
web program, the landing page of the site shows on their screen. The landing page incorporates a
standard format which comprises of header, footer and design pages which stacks the substance
page chose by client. At the point when the client chooses participation page, display,
photographs, recordings on the site every one of these modules are recovered from the substance
put away on the server (Gordon, Meyer and Rose 2016). This is executed by the records which
involve in this web application. This web application has center records which accomplish the
way toward showing pages. This web application depends on WordPress source code. The
records introduce for primary site and sub space contains numerous envelopes, subfolders, and
documents (frequently with a "wp-" prefix). These documents are toward the back and can be
controlled through the dashboard or by Microsoft WebMatrix. Just the web chairman approaches
these records. The Dashboard board can likewise be gotten to online through a web program by
composing http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/wp-administrator in the web program. At the
point when this page is gotten to the login screen is introduced, in the wake of entering head's
login qualifications, the dashboard organization screen will be exhibited. At this area the web
director can make new substance and deal with all parts of web application. On the frontend
every one of the highlights are initially made and distributed. Center records at that point get to
the database to gather the substance data made so it can showed. The frontend at that point unites
everything and shows content as per the layout documents. Layout records are shown and are
depicted in the accompanying areas.

42GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
index.php: The file document controls what the landing page of the web application
resembles. As a matter of course it is a circle that questions and after that shows the first page.
For this web application a redirect first page is made.
header.php: header.php is a worldwide record that presentations headers and route.
footer.php: footers.php contains guidelines for worldwide footer and it closes HTML
labels.
style.css: style.css is the fundamental CSS template for this web application.Presentation
of both web applications is controlled through CSS documents. CSS documents are put away at
the accompanying area "public_html/wp-content/topics/twentyten/style.css" for the fundamental
web application while for blog it's put away at
"public_html/blog/wp-content/subjects/twentyeleven/style.css." It contains all the styling and
shading plan of this web application. Despite the fact that the two documents have a similar
name they control introduction of use independently. Adjusting a CSS document according to
require gives boundless decision of making distinctive design.
page.php: page.php controls what a pages resembles. This record empowers the end of
sidebars or different components, includes other interesting components for pages alone. Diverse
individual pages are made for this web application. To make a page layout, just duplicate
page.php, rename it to whatever is required and select it by means of dashboard. For the web
journals, three distinct documents assume an imperative part as portrayed.
sidebar.php: Sidebar show is controlled in this record. Various sidebars can be set up in
functions.php, and substance of sidebar gadgets are set up from the Administration Panel.

43GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
post.php: The show of individual posts in the blog is refined by single.php. It contains a
circle that questions only one post and shows it.
comments.php: This controls the yield of remarks.
3.2 Implementation
Implementation is the phase of the undertaking when the hypothetical outline
transformed into a working framework. At this stage the principle workload, the up recuperate
and the significant effect on the current practices move to client division. In the event that the
usage organize is not deliberately arranged and controlled, it can cause disorder. In this manner it
can be thought to be the most vital stage in accomplishing another fruitful framework and in
giving the clients certainty that the clients certainty that the new framework will work and be
successful (King et al. 2015). The usage perspective of programming prerequisites introduces the
genuine universes appearance of preparing capacities and data structures. Sometimes a physical
portrayal is produced as the initial phase in programming outline. However most PC based
frameworks are indicated in a way that directs convenience of certain usage points of interest.
Implementation includes cautious arranging, examination of current framework and
requirements on usage, plan of strategies to accomplish the changeover, preparing of staff in the
changeover techniques and assessment of changeover techniques. The principal assignment is the
implementation arranging i.e. choosing the strategies and time scale to be received. Once the
arranging has been finished, the significant exertion in the PC division is to guarantee that the
projects in the framework are working legitimately (Popa et al. 2014). In the meantime the client
division must focus on preparing client staff. What the staffs have been prepared, a full
framework test can be completed, including both the PC and administrative systems.

44GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
In light of the necessities and research completed two distinct designs were created. One
noteworthy contrast which separates both the sites is the correct sidebar. In the blog application,
nearness of a correct sidebar goes about as a valuable apparatus, as it causes the client to
effectively explore between the posts. The sidebar is absent on the fundamental web application.
So there are two layouts that are intended for both the primary site and the sub space. These two
unique formats give one design topic all through both the site. On the principle site there are
autonomous HTML pages which are made for particular tabs (Roy and Crabbe 2015). Before
talking about the implementation, it is essential to take note of that as portrayed in Chapter 4 the
dashboard is gotten to with manager benefits first. So as to get to the dashboard by means of a
web program the accompanying location is written in the program
http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/wp-administrator for the principle application. At the point
when this page is gotten to, the login screen is introduced in the wake of entering director's login
qualifications. The dashboard organization screen will be displayed. For web journals the
chairman needs to sign in by means of sign-in tab on the correct side bar utilizing the director
qualifications.
3.2.1 Implementation of main web application
The underneath area demonstrates the default page when a client tends to
http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/. On this page the header stays static while there are pictures
which are blurring at interim of four seconds. On this page different tabs are likewise shown.
HTML remains for Hyper Text Markup Language. A markup dialect is a dialect that
clarifies message in a way that is grammatically discernable with the goal that the PC can control
it. It is an arrangement of markup labels used to depict site pages. The labels are what isolate
ordinary content from HTML code. They are the words between the <angle-brackets>.

45GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Distinctive labels will perform diverse capacities, such as rendering pictures or tables. It is a mix
of words and images which give directions on how the archive will be displayed. The labels
themselves do not show up when you see your page through a program, however their
belongings do.
Markup is the thing that HTML labels do to the content inside them. They stamp it as a
specific kind of content (stressed content, for instance). HTML records contain HTML labels and
plain content. The substance on a HTML page will be static. With a specific end goal to change
the substance, the proofreader needs some learning about HTML and change the substance as
needs be.
3.2.2 Header of the website
The underneath area depicts the header of the primary and also the blog site. This is static
(i.e., it doesn't change whether a client is on the primary page, blog page or on some other page).
To accomplish this jpeg picture, the header is first transferred in the accompanying index
public_html/wp-content/topics/twentyten with help of FileZilla. After this, the picture way is set
as static with the assistance of the dashboard. The dashboard is gotten to and on the left side
under the appearance tab, the topic is chosen. Under the topic the picture stacked with the
assistance of FileZilla. The figure beneath depicts the way toward setting the picture as static for
the header of the site. Keeping in mind the end goal to set a similar header on
http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/, the procedure depicted above is rehashed. Underneath the
header there is a Tab menu structure and blurring of picture. The tab structure is clarified in
detail in next segment.

46GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
3.2.3 Creation of tab menu structure and pages
In this segment, the execution of the Tab menu structure is clarified. WordPress has a
capable usefulness in making Tab Menu structure. Essentially select Menu in agreement and
under Menu, select Header Menu (on the left side) and begin naming every one of the tabs which
are available beneath Header Structure. All tabs made are additionally connected to various
pages. Conduct, for example, determination and drifting on the Menu Tabs is controlled by
modifying the tabs. For instance, if a client floats and chooses tabs, for example, Membership,
GRNWDS Online shop, Polls, and Events the site page does not connection to various page, but
rather if client chooses tab, for example, Home or Member Login it right away diverts to an
alternate page. This component is modified. So as to tweak the tabs, In Custom Links Box, under
URL, place # in the container and name it with a name (e.g., Membership), at that point the
website page does not divert to an alternate page. Be that as it may, if under the URL Section a
way is given to either another site (ex. http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/, in Tab under About
Us tab) or an intra-site page, at that point a page will be diverted as needs be (Chen et al. 2015).
There are two diverse approaches to make a page. Either utilize the inbuilt usefulness of
WordPress or make a different PHP page and connection them to the pages made by WordPress.
To make a page utilizing WordPress, get to the dashboard and select the pages (on the left bar)
alternative. On this page, select Add New catch and this gives choices with title name for this
page (which will help us in future for connecting redid pages). In the wake of entering the title
for a page, go to the correct sidebar and there is a Page property box. This crate is imperative as
it handles the Template or the redirect page for the connection. If not connecting a tweaked page
to WordPress made page dependably type in HTML code in the work territory for the coveted
substance and hit the Publish catch. One imperative thing to note is that the work territory or the

47GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
blank area where HTML Code can be inserted can likewise be utilized to interface the Plugins.
This is an extremely fascinating element as it can expand the usefulness of the site. Step by step
instructions to connect Plugin into a page is depicted in the following area.
So the distinctive tabs are pages in PHP which are made utilizing WordPress Page
highlight as portrayed previously. At show all the substance is coded in HTML in the blank area
as specified previously. For instance, the above figure, clarifies the history page under About Us
tab as made by utilizing the usefulness of Page highlight of WordPress. In the wake of writing in
HTML Code, Hit Publish and the page will be created.HTML and different innovations can be
utilized to acquire the coveted look and feel by following the strategy as talked about in next
segment.
3.2.4 Home page of the website
Underneath the Tab structure there are 5 pictures which are sliding at interim of at regular
intervals. This is accomplished by making a different HTML page called cover page and after
that connecting it with a Home Tab. Connecting of this page is accomplished by choosing
cover_page.php in the format dropdown menu inside page quality box as clarified in past
segment. With a specific end goal to make a landing page, an altered HTML Page is first
implanted in PHP document which this is accomplished by following code:
<?php
/*
Template Name: Cover Page
*/
get_header(); ?>
<html>
<head>
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
</body>
</html>

48GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
<?php get_footer(); ?>
In the code, area of picture assumes a critical part. Area "image4.src=http://localhost:/wp-
content/transfers/2012/03/4.JPG" depicts the area of a photograph on the server. This area should
be refreshed relying on the server design. On the off chance that a registry structure in a server is
gotten to by composing neighborhood have, at that point just give port number, generally
arrangement according to server necessity ought to be taken after. In the wake of transferring
pictures to the host server, the accompanying lines of code in JavaScript accomplish the sliding
capacity of 5 pictures at interim of like clockwork successively.
<script type="text/javascript">
<!‐‐
var image1=new Image()
image1.src="http://localhost:/wp‐content/uploads/2012/03/1.JPG"
var image2=new Image()
image2.src="http://localhost:/wp‐content/uploads/2012/03/2.JPG"
var image3=new Image()
image3.src="http://localhost:/wp‐content/uploads/2012/03/3.JPG"
var image4=new Image()
image4.src="http://localhost:/wp‐content/uploads/2012/03/4.JPG"
var image5=new Image()

49GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
image5.src="http://localhost:/wp‐content/uploads/2012/03/5.JPG"
//‐‐>
</script>
</head>
<body>
<img src="1.JPG" name="slide" width="975" height="475" />
<script>
<!‐‐
//variable that will increment through the images
var step=1
function slideit(){
//if browser does not support the image object, exit.
if (!document.images)
return
document.images.slide.src=eval("image"+step+".src")
if (step<5)
step++

50GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
else
step=1
//call function "slideit()" every 4 seconds
setTimeout("slideit()",4000)
}
slideit()
All the above code is then closed in HTML tags and PHP. This code is available in
cover_page.php record which is available at area public_html/wp-content/subjects.
3.2.5 The application page
The Membership Application Page is likewise a tweaked HTML page inserted in PHP.
The Membership Application Page is made so those clients who are keen on joining Greenwoods
can round out the shape and submit it online for audit from the web overseer. The Application
page is a HTML page which is taking contributions from the client and according to necessity
this information is getting spared in a nearby database. Every one of the sources of info are in
HTML page shape and MySQL is being utilized to first associate with the database
(wordpressgentry database for this situation) and afterward spare information in the database.
Different Input sections include First Name, Last Name, and Address, City, State, Phone, Email,
Date of Birth, Initials, Today's Date and other content information with respect to clients profile
is being spared in the database (Roy 2014). Approvals have additionally been incorporated into
this HTML Form which checks if the client has filled in all the required fields. On the off chance
that the client presenting the shape has not filled all or any required segments, he/she is told to do

51GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
as such by showing guideline "This field is required". The client at that point chooses the submit
catch. This spares every one of the information in the database and the client is diverted to an
affirmation page which presentations to the client that the application frame has been submitted
effectively. For the application shape a HTML Form is made and installed in PHP Code. This
document is named as application_page.php and is available at the accompanying area
"http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/?page_id=6". Javascript approvals are accomplished by
utilizing the accompanying code which dwells in a similar record application_page.php.
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery‐latest.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://jzaefferer.github.com/jqueryvalidation/
jquery.validate.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#submit1").validate();
});
After effective production of HTML frame, the database association is set up. This is
finished with the assistance of PHP by following line of code:
<?php
$con = mysql_connect('localhost', 'dbusername', 'dbpassword');

52GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
if (!$con) {
die('Could not connect:' . mysql_error());
}
Line 2 of previously mentioned code makes an association with the database by utilizing
mysql_connect .localhost focuses to the area while dbusername and dbpassword are the database
head username and secret word. Line 3 makes a situation where there is a database association
disappointment. After effective association of the database the accompanying line of code helps
in interfacing with the database grnwds_wordpressgentry:
mysql_select_db("grnwds_wordpressgentry", $con);
Values from HTML Form are fetched using following
$fname= $_GET["firstName"];
$fname= '\''.$fname.'\'';
All the data are inserted into MySQL database using the following command:
$sql="INSERT INTO grnwds_wordpressgentry.applicationform
(firstname, lastname, addressline1, addressline2, city, state,
zip, phoneh, phonec, email, countryofbirth, dateofbirth,
refferedtogrnwds, custpurchase, maxvalue, minvalue,
initials, date)
VALUES ($fname,$fname, $al , $al2,$cty, $st, $zip , $ph , $pc ,

53GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
$eml, $cob, $dob , $rts , $tao, $tat, $tap , $in, $dt )";
After the successful connection and insertion of values, records of values are refreshed
and database association is shut utilizing following lines of code:
/**echo "1 record added";**/
mysql_close($con);
For redirection to the other page this line of code is used:
header ('Location: http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host');
All the above code is present in the file submit.php which can be found at location:
/home/grnwds/public_html/submit.php.
After this, a new customized HTML page is created which acts as an application finish
affirmation page. This is a fundamental HTML page and the code is available in the document:
application_completeconfirmation.php located at /home/grnwds/public_html/wpcontent/
themes/twentytseventeen/application_completeconfirmation.php.
3.2.6 Blogs in the website
Web journals is an alternate web application which can be gotten to either by choosing
Blog tab on the primary web application or by straightforwardly composing the accompanying
location "http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/?page_id=29" in a web program. So writes on have
server goes about as a sub area for primary web application. On web journals a client can join,
and in the wake of getting authorization from arbitrator he/she can begin posting new posts or
remarking on the current posts. Despite the fact that online journals and principle web

54GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
application depend on a similar substance administration framework, for sites the default format
structure of WordPress is utilized. Amid inquire about for blog it was discovered that the vast
majority of the blogging site utilize comparable structure of introduction for post. Consequently
the format or posts on the left side while brisk connections or gadgets on the correct sidebar were
chosen.
New posts made show at the highest point of the considerable number of posts. Format of
the blog comprises of a similar header which is shown on the first page of the principle web
application while posts are shown just underneath the header on the left side. Under each post
title, the date and client name of the client who made the posts are shown. Underneath every post
the classification in which the posts is arranged, any words which are labeled and leave a remark
is shown. On the correct sidebar different speedy connections or gadgets are shown. These
connections help clients to explore through posts rapidly and in a requested way. Snappy
connections, for example, Search Tab, Sign In, Recent Posts and Recent Comments, Categories,
Hot Topics and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feed of customer reviews is shown. Pursuit tab
encourages the client to scan for content by utilizing watchword. With sign-in, client can sign in
for web journals or can enroll for the blog. Late Posts and Recent Comments are refreshed
according to the new posting and remark made by the client (Pallant et al. 2017). A classification
is an apparatus which classifies the posts (i.e., while making a post if overseer or the client
wishes to arrange posts into a particular class or in another classification this instrument makes a
difference). After a post has been arranged, the client can undoubtedly choose a class from the
dropdown menu and access every one of the posts which fall under a particular classification.
Interesting issues is a labeling highlight. On the off chance that a word or an expression is
utilized several times in different posts, at that point the most examined word will be shown in

55GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
extensive text style in the region of Hot Topics. A blog executive can oversee and enable access
to capacities, for example, composing and altering posts, making classifications, directing
remarks, overseeing modules, and overseeing different clients. The instrument that gives the blog
proprietor this control is the capacity to allot a part to a client. A part characterizes the
arrangement of undertakings a client is permitted to perform. There are five pre-characterized
parts: Administrator, Editor, Author, Contributor and Subscriber. Every part is permitted to play
out an arrangement of errands called capacities.
Head: An overseer has supreme responsibility for blog. The Administrator has finish
control over posts/pages, remarks, settings, topic decision, import, clients including erasing the
whole blog. It is prescribed to have just a single executive for each blog.
• Editor: An Editor can see, alter, distribute, and erase any posts/pages, direct remarks,
oversee classifications, labels and connects and transfer records/pictures on a post.
http://en.support.wordpress.com/client parts/ - toc
• Author: An Author can alter, distribute and erase posts, and also transfer documents and
pictures. http://en.support.wordpress.com/client parts/ - toc
• Contributor: A Contributor can alter posts however can't distribute them. At the point
when a Contributor makes a post, it will be first submitted to a head for audit. When this post is
endorsed by an Administrator it is distributed on the blog. The Contributor can't alter this post.
Additionally the supporter does not be able to transfer documents and pictures.
• Subscriber: A Subscriber can just deal with his/her profile in the blog. Usage of the blog
is like the fundamental web application, yet the dashboard that controls the blog is independent
(i.e., to control writes the web director needs to login with overseer qualifications by marking in

56GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
simply like some other client as opposed to utilizing/wp-administrator before the url). In the
wake of signing in with the director accreditations, the dashboard for online journals is
introduced to the overseer.
The dashboard for the blog is fundamentally the same as in usefulness to the dashboard
of the principle application. The blog chairman can allot client part (proofreader, writer, donor
and endorser) or can adjust or concede consent to another client to utilize the blog. This all
should be possible by choosing clients tab show on the left half of the dashboard. Posts tab help
the chairman to oversee posts as made by various clients. The Administrator can alter every one
of the posts or can classify them according to require (LIU et al. 2016). With Media tab every
one of the media, for example, pdf archives which is posted alongside the posts can be altered.
The Comments tab is a critical apparatus as it shows every one of the remarks posted for every
one of the posts in nitty gritty configuration. If there should arise an occurrence of spamming,
mass erase highlight of Comments device is exceptionally useful. Appearance tab can be utilized
to control any look and feel of the blog. Under Appearance, Widget tab empowers the
Administrator to include greater usefulness in the blog. Every one of the highlights show on the
correct sidebar as clarified already are available under the Widget tab. For future improvement
purposes this tab is valuable as more gadgets can be added to the correct sidebar by utilizing this
usefulness. Setting tab can be utilized by mediator for different arrangement identified with date
and time design, number of presents or remarks in plain view on the blog.
At the point when a client who has been affirmed by the executive logs in, the typical
blog window is shown alongside a toolbar over the header is likewise shown. This device bar
empowers the client to make new post by clicking "+New" catch on the toolbar. At the point
when the client taps on the "+New" catch, the page is diverted to the dashboard, according to the

57GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
client part, extraordinary highlights are accessible. It can be watched that when a client with
benefits as creator is signed in, at that point constrained usefulness is shown. Just couple of tabs
when contrasted with the head are available on the left side. A situation can be seen where a
client is making another post. There is a title box where the title for the blog is composed and in
the void area points of interest for the blog can be written. Alongside subtle elements if a client
wishes to insert media, for example, pdf record, photograph, transfer or connection to a video in
the posting that can be accomplished by utilizing the toolbar gave. After every one of the subtle
elements have been composed the client can either see the post or can specifically distribute the
post so it is shown on the blog page.
3.2.7 Implementation of plugin
As depicted in above area, Plugins help in making this web application more utilitarian.
Modules are anything but difficult to execute and once actualized they can be utilized right away.
The main thing is to look for required module and check the similarity with current CMS
rendition. In this segment how to introduce module and different modules utilized as a part of
this web application are clarified (Bansal et al. 2014). Introducing a module is exceptionally
straightforward. Just the web manager has the benefits to introduce a module. After the web
executive has signed in to the dashboard, the Plugin tab on the left half of the dashboard is
chosen.
The Plugin dashboard window has different choices for the web executive to choose the
privilege module according to require. Pursuit tab can be utilized to play out a scan for modules
identified with the module prerequisite while transfer include is utilized to introduce a module
that is available locally on the drive in compress record design. Keeping in mind the end goal to
introduce a module, just peruse to the module compress document and select Install. Once a

58GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
module is introduced, it is recorded in the module window. Beneath each module introduce there
are catches to either enact/deactivate or alter it. After establishment, module should be actuated
to utilize. For the primary web application, modules have been utilized to improve the usefulness
of the site. The modules utilized for the fundamental web application has been portrayed
underneath. Calendar.php is a module that is utilized to show schedule on the occasion page. To
begin with the calendar.php document is unfastened on the module dashboard page and
afterward to join it to a specific page a shortcode is utilized. A shortcode is an arrangement of
capacities for making large scale codes to be utilized as a part of post content. To show the date-
book on the occasion page, shortcode {CALENDAR} is composed in the void area as portrayed
in other segment (Cheek, Sale and Wolverton 2018). At the point when the Event page is
distributed a timetable is shown. At introduce just the web overseer can make another occasion
and post it on date-book. To do this, the web overseer needs to tap on Calendar on the left half of
the dashboard, where an easy to use screen is shown which has every one of the choices to deal
with the Calendar. On fundamentally the same as grounds, Photo and Video under, the Gallery
tab has been actualized. For Photo, module nggallery.php is introduced and a shortcode
[nggallery id=2] is utilized on the Photo page. For Video, module hdflvvideoshare.php is
introduced and a shortcode [hdvideo id=3 playlistid=2 width=400 height=400] is utilized on
Video Page. On the dashboard both photograph and video display tabs are available with the goal
that the web executive can undoubtedly include or erase substance of photographs and
recordings. For Polls wp-polls.php module is introduced and a shortcode [poll id="5"] for the
Poll page and [page_polls] for filed surveys have been utilized on Polls and Archived surveys
page is utilized.

59GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
The web application made in this venture joined numerous improvement issues locally
and keeping in mind that facilitating. These issues were settled in the end through an exploration
of arrangements and by rolling out improvements into server design and altering application
code. To build up this web application, a backend should have been utilized that enables the web
manager to effortlessly and rapidly oversee data was central. Different open source
administration framework were first utilized however in the wake of contrasting the adaptability
and simple expectation to absorb information of WordPress, WordPress was chosen as the
backend to deal with the web application. Sliding photographs on the fundamental page of web
application is coded in HTML. At first utilization of stun wave streak document was chosen for
sliding of photographs, yet in the wake of utilizing different exclusive programming to implant
streak the result was not surprisingly. Likewise exclusive programming is an expensive
arrangement. So it was chosen to code in HTML as this would help in future improvement of the
undertaking.
This task was created locally and when it was facilitated on the host server the greater
part of the connections and code broke. Be that as it may, with help of Report highlight of
Microsoft WebMatrix, broken connections and blunders were settled alongside site design
improvement (SEO) and execution of the site was likewise upgraded. Different free instruments
gave by have administration, for example, third party referencing, SEO Tools were likewise used
to confirm site usefulness. The site has been submitted for the clients to test and has been
updated according to the client necessities. The cross program similarity of the site has been tried
by utilizing it on various programs and distinctive machines.

60GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
3.3 Testing
3.3.1 Introduction
In this section, we discuss the architecture of the test environment we use. We will
enlighten all aspects of the architecture, stating the purpose of each item in the architecture and
their communication between each item. In this section, we will give an overview of the flow
how current web applications in our setting are used. In the next section, we will give an
overview of the test architecture we are going to use. In the following sections, we will discuss
the parts of the architecture separately, where in section 3.3.3 we will discuss the Content
Management System, followed by section 3.3.4 where the System under Test will be discussed.
In the final section 3.3.5, we will discuss the adapter that is used in the test architecture for
communication purposes.
3.3.2 Overview of the test architecture
It is important to have a test architecture. It describes what each component does and its
communication to other components it is connected to. To setup a test architecture it is important
to know what components there are if the system is used in real-life. An overview of systems that
are currently involved when using a web application are also discussed. The normal flow to use
the application is that a user visits the web application by a browser on his/her computer. The
browser tries to make a connection with the web application by sending a request (Abdullah
2017). The web application receives this request and based on the URL it tries to retrieve data
from the database. How the web application retrieves the correct data based on its URL will be
explained in section 3.3.4. Based on this data, the web application creates a complete HTML
document and send this document back to the web browser it received the request form.

61GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Creating a new web page or adding images to a web page is done through the Content
Management System (CMS). The CMS communicates with the same database the web
application uses. Changes made by the owner to the application are almost instantly online. The
CMS will not be part of the test architecture but is needed for owners to maintain and update
their web application. For this reason, we will explain the CMS shortly in section 4.3. The web
application requests data from the database, but it can also write data to the database. The latter
is not often used, but in situations where the application is used as a blog, it is common. Users
can post comments on a blog item (Montgomery 2017). This comment is written to the database.
We have also mentioned the payment provider, which is needed to pay for the products a user
wants to buy in this webshop. If the user clicks on the buy button, he is redirected to the payment
provider. This payment provider does not belong to the web application and is an external
company that delivers this service to the webshop. Users can easily pay with this provider and
this payment provider almost instantly transfers the money to the account of the owner of the
webshop. As already said users are redirected from the webshop to the payment provider, they
are leaving the webshop application. When the payment is successful or aborted, users are
directed back to a page of the webshop. The webshop first requests to the payment provider the
status of the transaction of the user we bought the items. This status request allows to webshop to
know if the payment is completed successfully or not and can corresponds with a message
accordingly.
3.3.3 Discussion on the Content Management System
Now that we have seen how currently users are using the web (shop) application, we need
to make a test environment to test a web application according to a user’s approach. In Figure 4,

62GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
an overview of a test architecture we are using is given, each block is explained in the following
paragraphs.
The Web Application is a website and it responds on the HTTP requests received from a
browser. The received request will first be handled by the routing engine of the web application.
All the data that belongs to a page, that is requested, will be retrieved from the database and is
surrounded with HTML code in the corresponding view.
We need a web browser to open the website and a tool that can receive commands and
can execute these on a web browser. The latter is required otherwise, we cannot extract
information we want to test a web application. Today’s web applications, think about
informational applications but also webshops, are commonly provided with a Content
Management Systems (CMS) (Patel and Gulati 2018). It allows owners to easily add, change, or
remove content on the application. The CMS we use is called “WooCommerce” and is
developed by the company WooCommerce. WooCommerce is designed to collaborate with the
web applications we test. The CMS delivers functionality to manage websites and webshops.
When owners of the application create a new page, they can choose between predefined page
types. Each predefined page type looks different. During the development of the web application,
for each predefined page type a view is created. Each page type has a predefined number of text
fields and album images that belong to a view defined in the web application, which is explained
in section 3.2.3. By doing this, owners are restricted to the set of fields and albums that are
allowed but guarantees that owners can almost do nothing wrong to dysfunction the web
application.
Of course, there are still possibilities to dysfunction the web application. However, this
will probably be due to bad programming. Examples like empty text fields or image albums that

63GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
are not captured and causes application errors. Normally application models should contain data
access logic but this is commonly separated into a service layer. In this way, we keep the models
and controllers clean of excessive database calls. All these calls are managed in one service layer
to keep a better overview (Kaur, Kaur and Kaur 2016). All the applications we host have the
same database calls and are managed in this layer. An additional advantage is that we only have
to update the service layer to fix a bug instead of writing correct code into each application.
Application models are not always used to retrieve data from the database and display it in the
application but also to represent forms in an application like a login or contact form. In this way,
it restricts the user what he is allowed to fill in. This is based on the restrictions mentioned in the
model. These type of models are called ViewModels because they behave like an application
model but are only used in Views. The validation after submitting the form should always be
performed server-side, but with these restrictions mentioned in the model, it is also possible to
validate this on the client-side.
Client validation is feasible because the HTML generated from the model is annotated
with those restrictions. With some JavaScript code or a library, it is possible to validate the form
before it is submitted to the server. This reduces the amount of submission to the server.
Validation on the server-side is done automatically only we have to catch if the validation is
wrong. If a submitted form is wrong, the data of the form is returned and an error message for
each wrong input field is shown accordingly (Oyibo, Ali and Vassileva 2016). The user will see
what he submitted and an error message for each field summarized or displayed next to its
belonging field. Web applications are available in many forms. Each application has its own
purpose and behaves in a different way. However, at the lowest level of interaction almost each
application behaves the same. This behavior is based on the request and response principle. A

64GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
browser requests certain information and the server responds back with an answer. It is one-
directional communication. Almost all applications are built on this one-directional
communication, but there are exceptions. There are applications that are bi-directional. Those
web applications make use of web sockets to establish a bidirectional communication. A nice
example of how a bi-directional communication is implemented is the web application Shootr1.
Bi-directional web applications takes a different approach to test and is therefore beyond our
scope of this research. So back to our request and respond applications. As we explained in
section 3.3.2, when a webpage is requested an HTML object is received from the server. This
HTML object can contain several links to other files. Those files are also requested and probably
received.
After receiving all files, the DOM object is initialized and ready to use. With having this
DOM Object we can start testing. The quality characteristic functionality used with web
applications is about mechanism used on the web application. Mechanisms like search options,
fill in forms, (menu) navigation, level of scrolling (horizontal and vertical). It also contains
domain specific mechanisms like product functionalities in an e-commerce system. The usability
characteristic is about understandability of the web application (Toffle 2014). This could be
helping information with filling in forms, phone numbers and email addresses are correct
annotated. This characteristic is hard to automate, because this is mainly about the interpretation
of a user about the content of a web page. Of course, it is possible to see if certain parts are in
place and function but it is almost not possible to test if it helps with understanding the contents
of the page only assumptions can be made.

65GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
3.3.4 System under test
The characteristics interface and compatibility strongly related to each other. If we test
compatibility of a web application, we mainly focus on the interface of the web application. A
web application is a product that you want to show to the world. Therefore, it has to look good
and no strange things should happen. Because browsers have implemented different rules for
interpreting and rendering a web page, a web page could work fine in Firefox but does not look
or function properly in Internet Explorer (IE) or even within older versions of the browser itself.
These rules are defined in the CSS files that are included in the HTML document. The interface
of the web application tells where every html element is located on a page and what design
properties is contains, which are defined in a CSS file (Qian et al. 2016). Common web browsers
with their recent version are Firefox (v38), Chrome (v42), Internet Explorer (v11), and Safari
(v8). There is a huge difference in rendering a web page with IE7 or IE9 and higher. Other
browsers do not differ that much with some older versions of the browser.
A different quality aspect companies also consider is mobility but relates to
compatibility. Many mobile devices are used nowadays, each device with different screen sizes
and other specifications. Companies want that their web application can be used on almost every
mobile device everywhere on the world. However guaranteeing that the system is working on
every device there is, is a struggle. Some may say this is a total different quality characteristic
but we assume this mobility characteristic as a part of the compatibility characteristic.
Performance characteristic is about the speed of the web application. Here it is important to
know how quick pages are loaded (van Eck and Waltman 2018). Of course, it depends on the
speed of the internet connection. Nevertheless reducing file sizes of media content and the
HTML document could increase the loading speed of the page.

66GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Accessibility is about how accessible is the web application. Is there any support for
users that are blind or visually impaired? Certain html elements have attribute that help with
telling blind people what this element is about. For example, a link element (<a>) should have a
“title” attribute to tell what this link is about. With this attribute blind people know what this link
is about. The same rule holds for the “alt” attribute in an image element
Reliability with web application can have different options. The first option is about the
uptime of the web application. Here the choice of server and its capacity is important. Preferably
we want a server that can guarantee an uptime of 99.9% or higher. In addition, unexpected
behavior of the web application is also part of this characteristic. Security is lately also an
important quality aspect to test (Mansoori et al. 2016). Criminals want to abuse web applications
to gain profit of it. One way is by installing malware through advertisement that is shown on the
web application. A different way is stealing credit card information by using SQL-injection.
There are some standard security aspects that probably should hold for each web application, like
preventing SQL-injections. However not every web application requires a secured connection by
a SSL certificate.
With our goal of testing web applications with a model-based testing tool, we diminish
our set of quality characteristics that are stated in the previous section. Mainly the reason why we
diminish the set of quality characteristics it is very complicated to implement every characteristic
there is in one total package. Further to cover every characteristic that exist is too big to cover in
this thesis.
We are not interested in the looks and feels of the web application. Therefore, it leaves
out the interface characteristic and testing it on one browser is therefore sufficient. Our focus lies
with testing the functionality of the web application. This means testing links, forms, media

67GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
content, indirectly cookies, and mechanisms in forms. Indirectly we still have some overlap with
interface testing. We want to test web applications through a user perspective. This means where
a user clicks on we also click on, but without the interface and visual representation of the web
application. We can achieve the user’s actions the same way by accessing the DOM object and
trigger that action (Chopra 2015). This way we do not have to rely on the user interface.
However, if we cannot click on an element we also know that there could be something wrong
with the interface. This way we still test our interface in some way. We also cover the interface
characteristic based on testing if we have no errors in the CSS files that are included. If CSS files
are missing, the interface can look different. Based on the user approach to test web application
we heavily make use of the DOM object to achieve our tests.
We do not deal with compatibility. The web applications we test, built by
WooCommerce, are by default not supported on older browsers and therefore not tested. If a web
application is built for supporting older browsers, than these test cases should be build specific
for that web application. Modern browsers are more compatible with each other and less changes
are needed to behave identically. Usability is partially covered by testing the content of the page,
meaning that all files should be there and correctly loaded. Because is we miss media files we
can conclude that the web page is probably not useable or readable (Mahmud et al. 2014). It is
not interesting enough to build in spelling checkers to test if the written text is correctly spelled.
Performance is covered but in a different way. G∀ST, the testing tool we use, requires a timeout
value. G∀ST stops testing after it did not receive any message within this timeout value. This
can be translated to the response time of the website. If after a couple of seconds the web
application still not responded with an answer this timeout could happen, especially if we test the
web application on a local machine and the internet connection has no influence.

68GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
3.3.5 Test architecture for communication purposes
Accessibility is partially tested. We test if certain html attributes are added to html
element it belongs therefore it should be readable enough to blind people. We test for existence
of attributes like the “title” attribute in the <a> tag and the “alt” attribute in the <img> tag. We
know that there are tools available that check a web application based on rules to make the web
application readable for blind and visually impaired users. Therefore, we do not test any further
aspects of this characteristic. Finally, we slightly cover the security characteristic as well. We
test the possibility to login with fake credentials and have access to other person’s information.
Furthermore, we also test if restricted pages are accessible without credentials. While using a
web application, especially a webshop, cookies can be set in a web browser by a web server and
used (Sandhya et al. 2017). The purpose of cookies is mainly to identify users and server
customized content. Webpages do not have any memory. A user going page to page is each time
treated by the web application as a new visitor. With the use of cookies, this same user can be
identified. There are basically two types of cookies that can be used: session cookies and
permanent cookies.
3.3.6 Summary
Testing is the way toward executing the program with the aim of discovering mistakes.
Amid testing, the program to be tried is executed with an arrangement of experiments and the
yield of the projects for the experiment is assessed to decide whether the program is executing as
it is relied upon to be. The accomplishment of testing in uncovering blunders in program depends
basically on the experiments. In programming framework the utilization of testing isn't restricted
to the testing stage (Dishman 2015). The aftereffects of testing are utilized later on amid support

69GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
too. Amid testing a test suite can be utilized to see that alteration does not have any bothersome
impact.
1. Unit Testing: The level of testing is called unit testing. In this, unique modules are
tried against the determinations created amid outline for the modules. Unit testing is fundamental
for confirmation of the code created amid the coding stage, and consequently the objective is set
to test the inside rationale of the modules.
2. Coordination Testing: The following level of testing is frequently called the
reconciliation testing. In this, numerous tried modules are joined into subsystems, which are then
tried (Toffle 2014). The objective here is to check whether the modules can be coordinated
legitimately, the accentuation being on trying interface between modules. This testing movement
can be considered as testing plan, and subsequently the accentuation on testing modules
cooperation.
3. Framework Testing: During framework testing, the framework is utilized tentatively to
guarantee that the product does not come up short, i.e. it will keep running as indicated by its
particulars and in the way clients expect, uncommon test information contribution for preparing,
and the outcomes analyzed. A set number of clients might be permitted to utilize the framework
can see whether they endeavor to utilize it in unanticipated ways.
4. Acknowledgment Testing: It is in some cases performed with practical information of
the customer to show that the product is working appropriately (Patel and Gulati 2018). Testing
here spotlights on the outside conduct of the framework. The inside rationale of the program isn't
underscored.

70GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
5. Approval Check: During testing area approvals checks are made. Fitting moves are
made subsequent to testing.

71GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Chapter 4: Evaluation and Conclusions
4.1 Evaluation of the product
There are various customers those are using the internet for making purchases into the e-
commerce website which is growing rapidly. The best way is to get the answers to the research
questions which are asked by the existing customers throughout the market research. A survey is
being taken to undertake the in-store which is delivered via email as well as social media for
gauging the customers demand to buy the products online. The competition is being evaluated
for determining the market position of the company along with feasibility study is done for
determining viability for the e-commerce website as a new revenue streams. Once the proposed
project is being feasible, viable as well as desirable, then the company can initiate the system
development life cycle. The proposed framework is described the activities which are performed
at each stage of the general computing system project. The feasibility study is being conducted to
complete as well as agreed with the requirement definitions stages. It should outline higher level
requirements for the new e-commerce website. The website is required of online presence which
will allow the company to sell the products along with communicate with the customers. It is
serious consideration to design e-commerce solutions along with the technical capability, staffing
levels, and financial resources are being limited.
There are serious considerations which are taken to design the e-commerce solutions such
as technical capability, level of staffs and financial resources which are limited. Therefore, the e-
commerce website is cost effective along with it is easily operated as well as maintained such
that the company is focused on selling, building of better customer relationships as well as
growing of the business. There is development of e-commerce applications to have problem into

72GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
gauging of knowledge as well as expertise of the end users. Developer is required to design the
interface of the system such that there is required of minimum of the background knowledge.
The developer is required to enhance usability of the websites such that incidental users are
required to find site rewarding along with encouraging them to explore. There is exploring of
novel to analyze the purchasing phase of experience into e-commerce. The proposed structure is
depicted the exercises which are performed at each phase of the general registering framework
venture. The achievability thinks about is being led to finish and concurred with the prerequisite
definitions stages. It should plot larger amount necessities for the new internet business site. The
site is expected of online nearness which will enable the organization to offer the items alongside
speak with the clients. It is not kidding thought to outline online business arrangements alongside
the specialized ability, staffing levels, and budgetary assets are being constrained.
4.2 Evaluation of the project process
The e-commerce website of Greenwoods is responsible to display as well as sell the
products over World Wide Web. It has various e-commerce websites that can able to sell
menswear. In order to properly evaluate the website, there is required to evaluate the content,
attractiveness as well as functionality of the website reviewed to evaluate it. There is
development of rating system which encourages evaluating along with a good ideas. When the
company is required of overhaul, then the project is to be required to manage properly. The site
is core of the online presence and it is required of accurate reflection of what the company has to
offer. Development of a website is needed of multi-step process. There is analysis of the
establishment of parameters of the e-commerce website. There are proper project planning which
will get organized. There is also development of building of website. It provides value to the

73GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
visitors by providing them 24*7 purchasing options. There is also development of user friendly
website by keeping it simple to use.
In order to evaluate the project process, it is required to determine the purpose of the
website. It is required to determine the intended target audiences, information require for the
audiences expectations, offer of retailers to the website, website support of entire business
strategies, as well as incorporate the business processes into the functionality of the website. The
website is being developed internally as well as it is outsourced properly. The content as well as
services of the website is matched with the knowledge level of website. The website is being
intended to match with the subject experts as well as repeat the visitors to be designed with the
general public. With a specific end goal to legitimately assess the site, there is required to assess
the substance, engaging quality and in addition usefulness of the site explored to assess it. There
is advancement of rating framework which energizes assessing alongside smart thoughts. At the
point when the organization is expected of upgrade, at that point the task is to be required to
oversee legitimately. The webpage is center of the online nearness and it is expected of precise
impression of what the organization brings to the table. Improvement of a site is required of
multi-step process. There is examination of the foundation of parameters of the online business
site. There is legitimate undertaking arranging which will get sorted out.
4.3 Conclusion and recommendations
It is concluded that retail is backbone of the country’s economy. Due to increment into
increment of people, they are more engaged into purchase of cloths. The retail industry,
Greenwoods adapts of e-commerce website for their business for booming the business into the
UK market. The company is moving from traditional business towards the online business so
that they can develop a competitive advantage into the market to gain profitability as well as

74GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
productivity to sell their products online. E-commerce is such a way where people are using of
internet as well as online services for buying of cloths from the online stores. In order to attach
more customers, the e-commerce website is user friendly, innovative as well as informative to
the customers. There are various benefits as well as barriers into adoption of the e-commerce into
the retail industry. The benefits of e-commerce website are fast and speedy, easier to find their
requirements and choosing of products with use of internet. The online purchasing services are
also available 24*7 so that the customers can anytime as well as anywhere buy the products.
There is also lack of human skill resources, governmental policies along with privacy and
security issues make the e-commerce as limitations into the market. The key barriers to adopt of
e-commerce are huge investment, loyalty of the customers, lack of the human skills resources,
governmental policies about the e-commerce as well as customer confidences. Due to use of e-
commerce into the retail industry, behavior of the customers are being changed, they are less
loyal towards the organization along with easier to change the company into few seconds.
In order to retain the customers, Greenwoods is provided of excellent services and also
offers of loyalty programs to the customers. While going throughout the literature, there are
many things which are common. It is being found that the organization is required to beneficial
to the customers as it helps to reduce the cost, save the time, brand the presence worldwide as
well as admire the companies to lose the personal touch with the customers. They are loyal as it
is easier to switch the companies due to various choices which are offered to the customers. E-
commerce is being provided an advantage for the customers along with the suppliers for the
economic activities. The customers are searched as well as compared to wide varieties of
products along with services to the global market. It is simplified the buying process as well as
provided of selection to the customers than the traditional business. Web based business is such a

75GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
way where individuals are utilizing of web and in addition online administrations for purchasing
of fabrics from the online stores. Keeping in mind the end goal to join more clients, the web
based business site is easy to understand, inventive and also educational to the clients. There are
different advantages and in addition obstructions into selection of the web based business into
the retail business. The advantages of online business site are quick and fast, less demanding to
discover their necessities and picking of items with utilization of web.
The internet is served as the new communication as well as distribution channels which
are required for the customers along with the suppliers to purchase the required products in
addition to services. Business sites have numerous qualities with various parts also, works in
organization's promoting endeavors. The sites with fitting arrangement of traits can impact
fulfillment, influence buyers' web based shopping conduct and assume a positive part in making
request. Appropriate utilization of the qualities can increment online exchanges and repurchase
aim judgments, not exclusively customers' present buys yet in addition future buy expectations.
Hence, it is critical for organizations to better see how online buyers assess these properties and
what makes them stay on the sites. In contemporary retail business, the internet has appeared to
be a beneficial medium of retail advancement and deals. The Internet speaks to an intriguing and
valuable circulation channel for gathering customers and it gives the capacity to recognize their
wants. Limited time representation of administrations and items through interactive media
innovation takes off more noteworthy impact on potential client than standard handouts, indexes
and handouts.
It is recommended that adoption of e-commerce is required into the retail industry
however the companies should adopt of e-commerce, and then the companies are focused to
change behavior of the customers, what are the expectations of the customers while they are

76GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
purchasing the products from the e-commerce website. It is analyzed what is the perception of
the customers with use of the e-commerce website into the retail industry. The research is based
on the customer retention, improvement into the business performance due to e-commerce
website into the business, expectations of the customers, level of customer’s satisfaction as well
as secured online payment which is done through use of the e-commerce website. Into the
competitive retail business, the decision makers are required to follow the business guidelines to
develop the e-commerce presences into the organization. After understanding what is required
for the users, it is easier to understand and differentiate the website from the competitors. It
creates of compelling e-commerce experiences; therefore it is used to boost the profits. It
intensifies the competition which will continue to raise the profit margins and competitive
advantage into the business organization.
The retail industry company is communicated as well as engaged with larger numbers of
the perspectives. It is relevant to the customers to produce of required results and become the e-
commerce website a cost effective. Customer relationship management is delivered as promise to
the customers so that they are satisfied with the online buying as well as online payment
services. There are multichannel marketing which is required to sale by enabling the profile
prospects as well as finds out about the benefits as well as advantages of the website. The
examination depends on the client maintenance, change into the business execution because of
web based business site into the business, desires of the clients, level of consumer loyalty's and
secured online installment which is done through utilization of the web based business site. Into
the focused retail business, the leaders are required to take after the business rules to build up the
internet business existences into the association. Subsequent to understanding what is required
for the clients, it is less demanding to comprehend and separate the site from the contenders. It

77GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
makes of convincing web based business encounters; along these lines it is utilized to help the
benefits. Identification as well as promotions are special offers to the loyal customers those are
purchasing the products as well as services from the store on monthly basis. It also ensures that
the promotions are relevant and it targets at right prospects of the customers. It is required to
ensure that promotions are to be delivered to the chosen prospects at opportune time with
preferred manners. It is applicable to the clients to deliver of required outcomes and turn into the
internet business site a financially savvy. Client relationship administration is conveyed as
guarantee to the clients so they are happy with the internet purchasing and also online installment
administrations. Therefore, it is most essential to adopt of new e-commerce website to improve
the business performance.

78GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
References
Abdullah, K.D., 2017. Search Engine optimization Techniques by Google's Top Ranking
Factors: Website Ranking Signals.
Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J. and Warsta, J., 2017. Agile software development
methods: Review and analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.08439.
Agababov, V., Buettner, M., Chudnovsky, V., Cogan, M., Greenstein, B., McDaniel, S., Piatek,
M., Scott, C., Welsh, M. and Yin, B., 2015, May. Flywheel: Google's Data Compression Proxy
for the Mobile Web. In NSDI (Vol. 15, pp. 367-380).
Akman, S., Özmut, M., Aydın, B. and Göktürk, S., 2016. Experience report: implementing
requirement traceability throughout the software development life cycle. Journal of Software:
Evolution and Process, 28(11), pp.950-954.
Al-Qeisi, K., Dennis, C., Alamanos, E. and Jayawardhena, C., 2014. Website design quality and
usage behavior: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Journal of Business
Research, 67(11), pp.2282-2290.
Bansal, C., Bhargavan, K., Delignat-Lavaud, A. and Maffeis, S., 2014. Discovering concrete
attacks on website authorization by formal analysis 1. Journal of Computer Security, 22(4),
pp.601-657.
Bao, H., Li, B., Shen, J. and Hou, F., 2016. Repurchase intention in the Chinese e-marketplace:
Roles of interactivity, trust and perceived effectiveness of e-commerce institutional
mechanisms. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(8), pp.1759-1778.

79GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Bilgihan, A., Okumus, F., Nusair, K. and Bujisic, M., 2014. Online experiences: flow theory,
measuring online customer experience in e-commerce and managerial implications for the
lodging industry. Information Technology & Tourism, 14(1), pp.49-71.
Brhel, M., Meth, H., Maedche, A. and Werder, K., 2015. Exploring principles of user-centered
agile software development: A literature review. Information and Software Technology, 61,
pp.163-181.
Butterfield, R., Maksuti, S., Tauber, M., Wagner, C. and Bicaku, A., 2016. Towards Modelling a
Cloud Application's Life Cycle. In 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing and
Services.
Chang, C.C., 2015. Exploring the repurchase intention of smart phones. In Modelling,
Computation and Optimization in Information Systems and Management Sciences (pp. 189-196).
Springer, Cham.
Che, J.W., Cheung, C.M. and Thadani, D.R., 2017. Consumer Purchase Decision in Instagram
Stores: The Role of Consumer Trust.
Cheek, R., Sale, M. and Wolverton, C.C., 2018. UX (User Experience)-Driven Website Design
Utilizing Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Multi-Attribute Decision Modeling.
In Entrepreneurship, Collaboration, and Innovation in the Modern Business Era (pp. 121-135).
IGI Global.
Chen, J.V., Yen, D.C., Pornpriphet, W. and Widjaja, A.E., 2015. E-commerce web site loyalty:
A cross cultural comparison. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(6), pp.1283-1299.

80GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Chen, X., Huang, Q., Davison, R.M. and Hua, Z., 2015. What drives trust transfer? The
moderating roles of seller-specific and general institutional mechanisms. International Journal of
Electronic Commerce, 20(2), pp.261-289.
Chen, Z.H., Tsai, C.T., Yuan, S.M., Chou, S.H. and Chern, J., 2015, August. Big data: Open data
and realty website analysis. In Ubi-Media Computing (UMEDIA), 2015 8th International
Conference on (pp. 84-88). IEEE.
Chi, M., Zhao, J. and George, J.F., 2015. Mediation and time-lag analyses of e-alignment and e-
collaboration capabilities. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(6), pp.1113-1131.
Chiu, T.S., Chih, W.H., Ortiz, J. and Wang, C.Y., 2018. The contradiction of trust and
uncertainty from the viewpoint of swift guanxi. Internet Research, (just-accepted), pp.00-00.
Chopra, R., 2015. Challenges of Website Testing. IJIACS, no, 4.
Choshin, M. and Ghaffari, A., 2017. An investigation of the impact of effective factors on the
success of e-commerce in small-and medium-sized companies. Computers in Human
Behavior, 66, pp.67-74.
Chou, S.W. and Hsu, C.S., 2016. Understanding online repurchase intention: social exchange
theory and shopping habit. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 14(1), pp.19-45.
Chuang, S.H. and Lin, H.N., 2017. Performance implications of information-value offering in e-
service systems: Examining the resource-based perspective and innovation strategy. The Journal
of Strategic Information Systems, 26(1), pp.22-38.

81GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Clemons, E.K., Wilson, J., Matt, C., Hess, T., Ren, F., Jin, F. and Koh, N.S., 2016. Global
differences in online shopping behavior: Understanding factors leading to trust. Journal of
Management Information Systems, 33(4), pp.1117-1148.
Coronel, C. and Morris, S., 2016. Database systems: design, implementation, & management.
Cengage Learning.
Dishman, M., 2015. Technology review: website usability testing software--improving user
experience and satisfaction with community college websites. Community College
Enterprise, 21(1), pp.84-88.
Fang, Y., Qureshi, I., Sun, H., McCole, P., Ramsey, E. and Lim, K.H., 2014. Trust, Satisfaction,
and Online Repurchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Effectiveness of E-
Commerce Institutional Mechanisms. Mis Quarterly, 38(2).
Goodyear, M., 2017. Enterprise System Architectures: Building Client Server and Web Based
Systems. CRC press.
Gordon, D., Meyer, A. and Rose, D.H., 2016. Universal design for learning: Theory and practice.
CAST Professional Publishing.
Gregory, G.D., Ngo, L.V. and Karavdic, M., 2017. Developing e-commerce marketing
capabilities and efficiencies for enhanced performance in business-to-business export
ventures. Industrial Marketing Management.
Harrington, J.L., 2016. Relational database design and implementation. Morgan Kaufmann.

82GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Hartono, E., Holsapple, C.W., Kim, K.Y., Na, K.S. and Simpson, J.T., 2014. Measuring
perceived security in B2C electronic commerce website usage: A respecification and
validation. Decision Support Systems, 62, pp.11-21.
Hsu, M.H., Chang, C.M. and Chuang, L.W., 2015. Understanding the determinants of online
repeat purchase intention and moderating role of habit: The case of online group-buying in
Taiwan. International Journal of Information Management, 35(1), pp.45-56.
Huang, Q., Chen, X., Ou, C.X., Davison, R.M. and Hua, Z., 2017. Understanding buyers' loyalty
to a C2C platform: the roles of social capital, satisfaction and perceived effectiveness of e‐
commerce institutional mechanisms. Information Systems Journal, 27(1), pp.91-119.
Jarvinen, J. and Karjaluoto, H., 2015. The use of Web analytics for digital marketing
performance measurement. Industrial Marketing Management, 50, pp.117-127.
Joslin, R. and Müller, R., 2015. Relationships between a project management methodology and
project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project
Management, 33(6), pp.1377-1392.
Kaur, S., Kaur, K. and Kaur, P., 2016, March. Analysis of website usability evaluation methods.
In Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2016 3rd International
Conference on (pp. 1043-1046). IEEE.
Kim, Y. and Peterson, R.A., 2017. A Meta-analysis of Online Trust Relationships in E-
commerce. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 38, pp.44-54.

83GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
King, Z.A., Dräger, A., Ebrahim, A., Sonnenschein, N., Lewis, N.E. and Palsson, B.O., 2015.
Escher: a web application for building, sharing, and embedding data-rich visualizations of
biological pathways. PLoS computational biology, 11(8), p.e1004321.
Lee, S., Tewolde, G. and Kwon, J., 2014, March. Design and implementation of vehicle tracking
system using GPS/GSM/GPRS technology and smartphone application. In Internet of Things
(WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE World Forum on (pp. 353-358). IEEE.
Liang, L.J., Choi, H.C. and Joppe, M., 2018. Exploring the relationship between satisfaction,
trust and switching intention, repurchase intention in the context of Airbnb. International
Journal of Hospitality Management, 69, pp.41-48.
Liang, L.J., Choi, H.C. and Joppe, M., 2018. Understanding repurchase intention of Airbnb
consumers: Perceived authenticity, electronic word-of-mouth, and price sensitivity. Journal of
Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(1), pp.73-89.
LIU, D.W., LI, X.M., WANG, H.Y. and Wei, L.I.U., 2016. A Chinese Website Analysis
Approach Using Ontology Segmentation and Topic Model. DEStech Transactions on Computer
Science and Engineering, (aics).
Lu, B., Fan, W. and Zhou, M., 2016. Social presence, trust, and social commerce purchase
intention: An empirical research. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, pp.225-237.
Lu, B., Zeng, Q. and Fan, W., 2016. Examining macro-sources of institution-based trust in social
commerce marketplaces: An empirical study. Electronic Commerce Research and
Applications, 20, pp.116-131.

84GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Luo, H., Han, X., Wang, J. and Liu, L., 2015, June. The moderating effect of perceived quality of
logistics services and gender in the relationship between trust, satisfaction and repurchase
intention in E-commerce. In Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM), 2015 12th
International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Luo, M.M. and Chea, S., 2017. The Effect of Social Rewards and Perceived Effectiveness of e-
Commerce Institutional Mechanisms on Intention to Group Buying. In Advances in Human
Factors, Business Management, Training and Education (pp. 833-840). Springer, Cham.
Mahmud, J., Cypher, A., Haber, E. and Lau, T., 2014. Design and industrial evaluation of a tool
supporting semi‐automated website testing. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability, 24(1),
pp.61-82.
Mansoori, M., Hirose, Y., Welch, I. and Choo, K.K.R., 2016, March. Empirical analysis of
impact of HTTP referer on malicious website behaviour and delivery. In Advanced Information
Networking and Applications (AINA), 2016 IEEE 30th International Conference on (pp. 941-
948). IEEE.
Modi, H.S., Singh, N.K. and Chauhan, H.P., 2017. Comprehensive Analysis of Software
Development Life Cycle Models.
Montgomery, D.C., 2017. Design and analysis of experiments. John wiley & sons.
Montgomery, D.C., 2017. Design and analysis of experiments. John wiley & sons.
Nica, E., 2015. Satisfaction and trust in e-Commerce. Psychosociological Issues in Human
Resource Management, 3(1), pp.107-112.

85GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Oyibo, K., Ali, Y.S. and Vassileva, J., 2016, April. An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of
Mobile Website Interfaces and the Influence of Culture. In PPT@ PERSUASIVE (pp. 44-56).
Pallant, J.I., Danaher, P.J., Sands, S.J. and Danaher, T.S., 2017. An empirical analysis of factors
that influence retail website visit types. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 39, pp.62-
70.
Patel, C. and Gulati, R., 2018. WebN: A Strainer Approach for Website Performance Analysis.
In Networking Communication and Data Knowledge Engineering (pp. 3-13). Springer,
Singapore.
Pee, L.G., Jiang, J. and Klein, G., 2018. Signaling effect of website usability on repurchase
intention. International Journal of Information Management, 39, pp.228-241.
Pee, L.G., Jiang, J.J. and Klein, G., 2018. E-store loyalty: Longitudinal comparison of website
usefulness and satisfaction. International Journal of Market Research, p.1470785317752045.
Ponte, E.B., Carvajal-Trujillo, E. and Escobar-Rodríguez, T., 2015. Influence of trust and
perceived value on the intention to purchase travel online: Integrating the effects of assurance on
trust antecedents. Tourism Management, 47, pp.286-302.
Popa, R.A., Stark, E., Helfer, J., Valdez, S., Zeldovich, N., Kaashoek, M.F. and Balakrishnan,
H., 2014, April. Building Web Applications on Top of Encrypted Data Using Mylar.
In NSDI (pp. 157-172).
Popa, S., Soto-Acosta, P. and Loukis, E., 2016. Analyzing the complementarity of web
infrastructure and eInnovation for business value generation. Program, 50(1), pp.118-134.

86GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Qian, J., Law, R., Masiero, L. and Hattler, R., 2016. Analysis of hotel website visitors’ online
behavior.
Ribadu, M.B. and Rahman, W.N.W.A., 2017. An Integrated Approach Towards Sharia
Compliance E-commerce Trust. Applied Computing and Informatics.
Richey, R.C. and Klein, J.D., 2014. Design and development research. In Handbook of research
on educational communications and technology (pp. 141-150). Springer, New York, NY.
Roy, D. and Crabbe, S., 2015. Website analysis in an EFL context: content comprehension,
perceptions on web usability and awareness of reading strategies. ReCALL, 27(2), pp.131-155.
Roy, D., 2014. Website analysis as a tool for task-based language learning and higher order
thinking in an EFL context. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(5), pp.395-421.
Sandhya, S., Purkayastha, S., Joshua, E. and Deep, A., 2017, January. Assessment of website
security by penetration testing using Wireshark. In Advanced Computing and Communication
Systems (ICACCS), 2017 4th International Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Seetharaman, A., Niranjan, I., Saravanan, A.S. and Balaji, D., 2017. A Study of the Moderate
Growth of Online Retailing (Ecommerce) In the UAE. The Journal of Developing Areas, 51(4),
pp.397-412.
Smith, J.K., 2015. Agile Software Development.
Stanney, K.M. and Hale, K.S., 2014. Handbook of virtual environments: Design,
implementation, and applications. CRC Press.

87GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Sullivan, Y.W. and Kim, D.J., 2018. Assessing the effects of consumers’ product evaluations and
trust on repurchase intention in e-commerce environments. International Journal of Information
Management, 39, pp.199-219.
Sun, Z., Zou, H. and Strang, K., 2015, October. Big data analytics as a service for business
intelligence. In Conference on e-Business, e-Services and e-Society (pp. 200-211). Springer,
Cham.
Toffle, M.M.E., 2014. Cross-Cultural Website Analysis as a method for teaching intercultural
competence in the University English Program. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116,
pp.3524-3535.
Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J.K., Liang, T.P. and Turban, D.C., 2015. Electronic commerce: A
managerial and social networks perspective. Springer.
Turban, E., Outland, J., King, D., Lee, J.K., Liang, T.P. and Turban, D.C., 2017. Electronic
Commerce 2018: A Managerial and Social Networks Perspective. Springer.
Turk, D., France, R. and Rumpe, B., 2014. Limitations of agile software processes. arXiv
preprint arXiv:1409.6600.
van Eck, N.J. and Waltman, L., 2018. Analyzing the activities of visitors of the Leiden Ranking
website. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.03869.
Wang, P.P., Huang, Q., Davison, R.M. and Wu, W., 2017. The Antecedents and Consequences
of Social and Economic User Satisfaction in Online Social Shopping Community: The User
Experience Perspective.

88GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Wang, W.T., Wang, Y.S. and Liu, E.R., 2016. The stickiness intention of group-buying websites:
The integration of the commitment–trust theory and e-commerce success model. Information &
Management, 53(5), pp.625-642.
Wang, W.Y., Pauleen, D.J. and Zhang, T., 2016. How social media applications affect B2B
communication and improve business performance in SMEs. Industrial Marketing
Management, 54, pp.4-14.
Wernet, G., Bauer, C., Steubing, B., Reinhard, J., Moreno-Ruiz, E. and Weidema, B., 2016. The
ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. The International Journal of
Life Cycle Assessment, 21(9), pp.1218-1230.

89GENERAL COMPUTING PROJECT
Appendix – Website
http://greenwoods.cloudaccess.host/