Inclusive Education and Teacher Education for Inclusion

This white paper explores the importance of inclusive education and teacher education for inclusion. It discusses the challenges faced in providing inclusive education and proposes reforms for a better education system. The focus is on fostering collaboration among teachers and improving the infrastructure of education.

Inclusive Education and
Teacher Education for
inclusion

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Briefly explain your context.......................................................................................................1
Outline the problem/issue you have chosen to address in your white paper..............................2
Choose the focus for your reform – this is your decision, but ideas will be discussed in class..3
Explain how you understand the problem/issue you have chosen to address.............................3
Propose, and justify, your position using research......................................................................4
Be clear on the difference between opinion and expertise. Expertise is based on research and
learning. Opinion is based on pre-existing attitudes and views without reference to research.. 5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Topic: "Teacher Education for inclusion in Bhutan'.
Inclusive Education and Teacher Education is relevant in improving the capacity of the
teacher to significantly teach the students who have or does not have any sort of disabilities. A
white paper is considered to be as an authoritative document which has been intended to fully
inform the reader on Inclusive Education and Teacher Education for inclusion. It is usually done
by combining expert knowledge and also research related with the topic and provide specific
solution and recommendation. The white paper is useful in allowing the reader to significantly
understand an issue, resolve a problem and make a decision (Haug, 2017). White papers use
data, are text based and tend to have a formal tone. This study mainly focuses on effectively
creating a white paper where they mainly highlight on the main topic related with the Inclusive
Education and Teacher Education for inclusion. This study is also considered to be useful in
outlining the relevant issues which is supposed to be address upon the white paper.
MAIN BODY
Briefly explain your context.
Inclusive Education and Teacher Education for inclusion is considered to be as one of the
effective strategy which is useful in improving the quality associated with the entire educational
system for all the children. Inclusive education is mainly a child centred approach which is
useful in effectively employing active and is also useful in varied set of participative learning
techniques. This is relevant in improving the capacity of the teacher to significantly teach the
students who have or does not have any sort of disabilities. Inclusive education is when the
students regardless of any challenge has been place in general education classes and they receive
high-quality instruction, support intervention which helps in meeting success within the core
curriculum. The classroom and school tends to operate within the premises when students with
without the disabilities are fundamentally competent (Moriña, 2017). The students can improve
the knowledge. Successful set of inclusive education tends to happen primarily with acceptance,
attendance and understanding with differences among the students. The diversity of students
mainly comprises of physical, social, cognitive as well as emotional differences among the
students. Inclusion education requires those teacher who can accept the key responsibility in
order to create a school which is useful in meeting the needs of the students and is also useful in
attaining greater heights and responsibility for students. The key goal of the inclusive
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education system is mainly to provide each and every students with the most
relevant learning environment and also the opportunities for the students in order to best attain
the key potential of the student. Moreover, all children can significantly learn and also reach
their full potential related to the opportunity, appropriate teaching and effective resources.
Inclusive education is a significant procedure towards participation, access and key achievement
for inclusive education. Inclusive education for Handicap International: Community based
rehabilitation approach, Inclusive education and also mainstream schools which helps in
providing support to the students to attain greater heights and results.
Outline the problem/issue you have chosen to address in your white paper.
One of the key issue which has been faced is linked with the teacher’s collaboration with the
student at the time of inclusive education. The problem and difficulty has been faced at the time
of communicating it with the students in order to attain greater set of results. The challenges
associated with the collaboration at the time of individualised planning procedure has been
widely documented within the white paper. It is of crucial importance to foster collaboration
among the teachers in order to ensure inclusive education. Lack of collaborative learning within
the education system tends to largely affect the system (Haug, 2017). However, collaborative
learning is considered to be of utmost importance because it helps in attaining greater results and
also helps in the better understanding of the needs and requirements of the students.
Collaborative learning techniques eventually results in gaining greater set of promising deal
which helps in imparting inclusive education to the students. Collaboration is considered to be of
utmost importance because it results in wide degree of inclusive set of learning within the
community. They focuses on working together as a team in order to impart the best possible
knowledge to the students and leads to greater operational efficiency. They must focus on
assisting the students to work with greater set of accuracy and improve the education results and
outcomes in a greater manner. Collaborative learning is useful in developing high degree of
thinking skills for the student and must also focus on developing high degree of learning which is
relevant in boosting up the self- esteem as well as the confidence at the greater sale.
Another issue which has been identified as important hurdle in the process of providing Inclusive
education in Bhutan is the infrastructure of education in the Bhutan (Inclusive education in
Bhutan: A small state with alternative priorities, 2020
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). It had been analysed that as Bhutan is not that developed country and population of country is
also not that great in number it had been analysed that there was no policy of compulsory
education in the nation. This has generally proved as a hurdle for government in attracting the
disable student toward the study, this has ultimately created the variety of the issue in regards of
managing the level of inclusive education in Bhutan
Choose the focus for your reform – this is your decision, but ideas will be discussed in class.
Inclusive Education and Teacher Education for inclusion is considered to be as one of the major
focus which helps in providing one of the best possible reform services and attain greater set of
results and outcomes (Mitchell and Sutherland, 2020). The key focus is that, inclusive set of
education must be given to all the children within the education system. It also focuses on
providing real set of opportunities for all the groups. Inclusive systems of the education is useful
because it values the unique contributions to the students of all the backgrounds. This is useful in
bringing to the classroom the diverse set of groups in order to grow side by side and attain
greater set of growth and efficiency. Inclusive education given by the teachers to the students is
considered to be prominent as it tends to require changes at all the levels of the society (Mitchell
and Sutherland, 2020). Teachers who are imparting inclusive education they must focus on
giving effective training to the students and must also meet the needs and requirements of the
students at a greater level. Effective set of policies must be set which helps in reforming the
education system as one of the inclusive education system. It is considered to be useful in
providing effective training to the teachers and must carry out events which always helps in
improving the results and outcomes of the student. Inclusive education is also considered to be
prominent in building the capacity of the education system and also helps in providing the best
possible assistance to the student at a significant level.
Explain how you understand the problem/issue you have chosen to address.
Community based rehabilitation is considered to be prominent because it is useful in effectively
providing one of the best possible inclusive education to the student. This way it helps in
providing one of the relevant set of services to the students and attain greater heights and
improve the learning process. One of the key role of this approach is to effectively collaborate
with the primary set of education system which is useful in supporting the students with any sort
of disabilities and also helps in maintaining links. It is useful in effectively developing greater
link between the students, education system, community and home. This way it is useful in
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improving the education system and providing them inclusive education within the education
system (Lyn Yates 2009).
Resource collectiveness strategy, is the another strategy which was applied to understand the
problem which has been identified in regards of Inclusive education in Bhutan. Under the same
strategy there were variety of different literature resources was evaluated in a way that it
provides the clear idea about the issue which is faced. In the Article Lyn Yates (2009) author has
clearly identified the issue which is prevailing in Bhutan in regards of providing Inclusive
education in the nation (Reforming Teacher Education for Inclusion in Developing Countries in
the Asia-Pacific Region, 2012). Not only that different policy which are made by the
government. In the article published by Mathew J. Schueka it is clearly define that Bhutan has
shifted their goal from education to elite monasticism to education for all. This article clearly
estate the teacher in the Bhutan is generally facing the issue of collaboration at the time of
providing education to disable children in general.
Propose, and justify, your position using research.
After conducting the research there were variety of different outcome which was derived.
Looking at the position on which I am in the current scenario, it can be said that this research has
brought a good sort of clarity in terms of the real situation which is prevailing in the Bhutan.
Research has identified that providing collaborative education is one of the issue which generally
used to stand tall in front of the teacher at the time of providing the inclusive teaching. This issue
was identified by the way of two strategy. These strategy has eventually helped in providing
better understanding of position and aspect of inclusive education.
First finding which was derived with the help of the report was in regards of
communicating issue which is faced by different teacher at the time of teaching disable student.
This issue is justified by the highlighting the matter that medium of communication between the
teacher and disable student. Disable student generally finds it difficult to cop up with the flow of
action or command passed on by the teacher (David Hamilton 2009). This ultimately used to
create the issue of collaborative at the time of education. For the same teacher in general has to
understand about the situation through which student are going through. They need to be more
patient and supportive to the student, this is the only way they will able to earn the trust of the
student and also will find it too easy to enhance the level of collaboratively in the education.
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Another learning of the research is that there is issue in the education policy of the nation,
it had been understand that there is no policy in regards of providing the compulsory education to
all the student in Bhutan. Report explain that literacy rate in Bhutan is generally 55-60 percent
only. This report has helped in clarifying that Bhutan government is taking variety of the
initiative in regards of improving the amount of Inclusive education in Bhutan. It had been
understand that Bhutan government with the help of GNH education in the nation is targeting to
improve the inclusive education in Bhutan. GNH generally stands for Gross National Happiness
program in Bhutan, GNH policy is generally looking to improve the infrastructure of Inclusive
education in the nation (William Pinar 2005). Different policy are formulated in regards of
improving the school infrastructure, providing training to the teacher in regards of teaching them
to cope up variety of the issue related to educating disabled children. In the Year 2015 Gross
National Happiness Committee coordinated with all other stakeholders of disability to draft
“National Policy for Person with Disabilities.”
After looking at variety of the different aspect and result which has been derived with the help of
different sources it has been understand that Inclusive education is a global issue which is
generally faced by all the nation in the current scenario and all the nation are taking variety of the
step to improve the same as well. Bhutan is no difference in that scenario, as it has been
identified that Bhutan government is also taking variety of the steps in improving the level of
inclusive education in the nation and they are able to succeed in the same as well in the past. At
the same time it has been identified that amount of the success which has been seen by the
Bhutan Government is not that good. For the same reason it has been find out the report in the
current scenario generally pass on the information that Bhutan is generally lacking behind in the
inclusive education as there are no strict policy which are in place in regards of having a
education in the Bhutan. Also, lack of education infrastructure also contributes very
significantly. Hence government has to consider this sort of challenges and has to work on the
same in the coming future.
Be clear on the difference between opinion and expertise. Expertise is based on research and
learning. Opinion is based on pre-existing attitudes and views without reference to
research.
In the process of carrying out the outcome of the study in the better way, opinion and expertise
both are collected so that there is good amount of information in the project to carry out the
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outcome of the research in the positive way. Expertise in the project is collected with the help of
the different literature resources through which past information is collected. Literature resources
has generally helped the researcher in having more reliable and validate information, as this
information has been used by the different author in the past and they were able to find out the
outcome of the result on the basis of the same as well. Expertise in the current report has helped
in maintaining the efficiency of the project in the better way (Lee, and Gough, 2020).
There were many opinion which were also consider by the researcher at the time of
conducting the research. Opinion was taken to check the path and the progress of the research.
Researcher has generally make sure that the progress of the research is being checked by
different researcher on regular basis. This has helped the researcher in getting the opinion of
different author and helped in making variety of the different changes in a way that it used to
help in achieving the objective of the research in the best way possible. Not only that there is
good sort of the information which has been also collected with the help of the opinion of
different scholar. Opinion was also collected in regards of understanding the different sources
which can be used to collect the information. As there were so many sources which was in front
of the scholar to look and select the best out of the same. This sort of opinion was generally
taken from the senior, reason behind doing the same is that it is very important to have good
source and data so that on the basis of same outcome of the research can be carried out in the
best way possible. Hence, it can be said that this report is generally based on the mixture of both
expertise and opinion which is perceived by different author in past and also current situation
(Gough, 2004).
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
David Hamilton (2009) Blurred in translation: reflections on pedagogy in public education,
Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 17:1, 5-16, DOI: 10.1080/14681360902742829
Gough, N., (2004). Transnational curriculum inquiry: Building postcolonialist constituencies and
solidarities. Transnational Curriculum Inquiry. 7(1). pp.1-10.
Haug, P., (2017). Understanding inclusive education: ideals and reality. Scandinavian Journal of
Disability Research. 19(3). pp.206-217.
Lee, J. C. K. & Gough, N. eds., (2020). Transnational education and curriculum studies:
International perspectives. Routledge.
Lee, J.C.K. & Gough, N., Transnational Education and Curriculum Studies.
Lyn Yates (2009) From curriculum to pedagogy and back again: knowledge, the person and the
changing world, Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 17:1, 17-28, DOI: 10.1080/14681360902742837
Mitchell, D. & Sutherland, D., (2020). What really works in special and inclusive education:
Using evidence-based teaching strategies. Routledge.
Moriña, A., (2017). Inclusive education in higher education: challenges and
opportunities. European Journal of Special Needs Education. 32(1). pp.3-17.
William F. Pinar (2005) The Problem with Curriculum and Pedagogy, Journal of Curriculum and
Pedagogy, 2:1, 67-82, DOI: 10.1080/15505170.2005.10411529
Online
Bhutan research and development. 2019 [ONLINE] available
through https://www.rub.edu.bt/index.php/en/journals.
Inclusive education in Bhutan: A small state with alternative priorities. 2020. [ONLINE]
available through< file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/Rar$DIa0.617/EJ1000220.pdf>
Reforming Teacher Education for Inclusion in Developing Countries in the Asia-Pacific Region.
2012. [ONLINE] available
through<file:///C:/Users/Admin/AppData/Local/Temp/Rar$DIa0.515/Reforming_teacher_educat
ion_for_inclusio.pdf>
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