Organisational Theory and Practice

This report explores the concepts of organisational theory and practice in the context of Marks and Spencer. It covers various topics such as management styles, principles, and functions, changes in industry framework, leadership styles, power and conflicts, and different types of motivation. The report provides insights into how these factors impact the effectiveness of the organisation.

Organisational Theory
And Practice

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
TASK A...........................................................................................................................................3
Examine styles of management, state principle and management functions used by CEO of
Marks and Spencer.................................................................................................................3
TASK B...........................................................................................................................................5
Examine various steps taken by CEO the changes in industry structure in order to achieve
performance on high scale and state the modify in company culture brought about by CEO of
Marks and Spencer.................................................................................................................5
TASK C...........................................................................................................................................6
Explain leadership style of CEO to increase effectiveness of organisation...........................6
TASK D...........................................................................................................................................7
Analyse impacts of power, influence and conflicts at Marks and Spencer............................7
TASK E............................................................................................................................................8
Discuss different types of motivation used in Marks and Spencer........................................8
TASK F............................................................................................................................................9
Suitable corporate example and literature to justify stand.....................................................9
TASK G.........................................................................................................................................10
Recommendation that helps in increase performance of organisation.................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisational theory refers to interrelation concept set and this theory is based
relationship of organisation and their environment at work place. It also states behaviour of
individual employee and group of staff who are part of company and interact each other for task
or work. The term organisational practices refers to action and behaviour of employee. Generally
they are guide post for each action and also in this their behaviour which convert core ideas into
actions. This report based on Marks and Spencer, it is a British multinational retailer based in
London, UK and founded in 1884. they serve their services and products in different countries
and company have different category of products such as clothes of kids, women and men,
fashionable accessories and other stuff also (Bernon, Tjahjono and Ripanti, 2018). They serve
good quality of products in market and their reaching rate is high in different market. Marks and
Spencer have tough competitors in market such as Zara and H&M. The below report includes
various management styles, principles and functions used by CEO in organisation, different steps
taken by CEO in industry framework and change in cultures of workplace, describe different
leadership style which helps in effectiveness, observe affects of power, influence and conflicts,
explanation of various types of motivation, appropriate corporate example and literature to
justify and recommendations that helps in enhance performance of business .
MAIN BODY
TASK A
Examine styles of management, state principle and management functions used by CEO of
Marks and Spencer
Management of any company involve in planning, organising task hard work in direct to
achieving objectives and goals of company. Styles of management defines to particular path via
which management of industry gets its goals or objectives efficiently and effectually. As styles
of management consider way of decisions making, planning or organising the task, and
effectually organisation practices its authority and duties in company (Buckle and Thompson,
2020). Various management styles vary by company, levels of individual to individual and
management It is major role of a right manager that adopt appropriate management style as per
various conditions. Some of styles of management adopt by various company are as follows:

 Autocratic style : This management style refers to management system that use top down
approach in industry (Bull and Janda, 2018). It is mention as most controlling style of
management in company. Authoritative style : This style of leadership refers that managers of company direct
exactly what industry need to accomplish goals and objectives to their subordinate.
 Persuasive management style : This style Refers to managers of industry, they utilize
their persuasive skills to induce staff members that decision are taken are prove to be
favour in company.
There are assured principles of management that are adopt by company to have
effectiveness and competence in company. A number of principles of management are follows:
 This principle, division of task in this company divide business activities or task among
subordinates and in staff as per their specialisation of work.
 Authority or responsibility refers to management assure that task is performed efficiently
or effectively with the help of optimum utilize of present resources.
 This discipline principle refers company’s task should be performed within specific
frame with sensibility.
 Unity of command principle refers that there are should be single one supervisor on
individual subordinates
 Unity of direction principle refers that entire task that are approved in company should
focus on getting objectives and goals.
In terms of Marks and Spencer, there are various management functions adopt by CEO of
company is planning, which defines to planning of targeted objectives and goals, organising, that
deals in task organising or directing sub-ordinate's duties and roles to them. Controlling that
states to comparing of performance results in industry with performance which is planned in
industry and as per various curative actions are occupied by CEO of company.

TASK B
Examine various steps taken by CEO the changes in industry framework in order to get
performance on high scale and explain the modify in company culture brought about by
CEO of Marks and Spencer
Organisation structure refers to system that outlines different activities that helps in
achieving common goals and objectives of company. The activities includes responsibilities,
roles and rules. It also defines as a network of relationship among various positions. In context of
Marks and Spencer, they use flat organisational structure, in this company have small-scale level
of management between top line workforce and administrative level (Caro and Sadr, 2019). Flat
organisational structure use in industry to motivate and encourage staff in process of decision
making. To change structure of company, CEO of Marks and Spencer can examine new
structures via which is describe as below:
 By keep focusing on experience of consumers, all task performed in order to achieve
objectives and common goals of business which is possible through serving better
services and products.
 By having tie in compensation to experience of customers with the job duties and roles in
company.
 By cultures developing of organisation and team, helps in achieving better performance.
 By adopting different organisational structure such as functional structure to grouping in
teams on the basis of skills, roles and abilities so employees can perform each task in
effective manner.
As every company in market wants to achieve target objectives and common goals.
Organisational structure assists in perform task towards common targeted goals and through
utilizing structures employees work together and separate various functions of them. In context
of Marks and Spencer, organisational framework build an affect on the workforce or employees
as a deprived structure of organisation lets the less level productivity of company (Dani, 2019).
There will minimum allocation of task within workforce, if structure of management in company
is weakly framed and less incentives will offered and zero centralized decisions are taken as
when framework of industry is weakly designed it impacts working culture of corporation.
Whereas a effective and non- effective organisational structure of company, it leads to effectual
productivity of company, staff do not have task misunderstanding as duties and role of staff and

staff are clearly outlined to them so that employees are able to task without having
misunderstanding in business task (Dimock, 2018). Effective organisational framework assist in
achieving objectives and goals that are targeted by company effectively.
TASK C
Explain leadership style of CEO to increase effectiveness of organisation
Leadership generally defines to organisation's department possible to plan or carry
through planned and risky goals of business. Involvement of Leadership in planning of risky
objectives of firm, taking quickly and effective performance when needed, face with competitors
and inspiring staff and labours of company for execute with their maximum efficiency or
effectualness, so that targeted objectives or goals can be get simply by firm. Every business
adopt leadership and its styles in company as leadership let industry for giving guidance to each
employees for achieving their targeted business objectives and goals (Eshghi and Ray, 2019).
There are various styles of leadership that are utilize by leaders in company to take its
organisational business exercises. There are different styles which are follows as: Democratic leadership : This also refers as participative leadership style. In this style
teams of company passively participates in every roles and decision making procedure of
firm. This is a effectual style. Autocratic leadership : It is leadership style in company, directs and take decision in
industry. It is a effectual style (Gantman, 2019). In autocratic leadership mostly leaders
believes that leaders are only an individual, who provide direction and influences
behaviours of workforce and staff who working in firm. Laissez- faire leadership : It refers to workforce empowerment in industry. In this style
of leadership, staff of firm takes an initiatives in process decision making of firm for
getting effective performance of company.
 Bureaucratic leadership : This style states on making or implementing decisions as per
to articles. In this leaders in company defines different inputs or opinions of workforce
and labours of industry.
In case to Marks and Spencer, company is adopting transactional leadership style in
management. As CEO of company have major focus on taking an major participation of each
staff in process decision making and who are contribute efforts in firm (Gawankar, Gunasekaran

and Kamble, 2020). With transactional leadership style, they focus on supervision role, group
and company performance. Leaders implement this type of style and focus on particular task,
they also use rewards and punishments to encourage and motivate workforce .
TASK D
Analyse impacts of power, influence and conflicts at Marks and Spencer
Power or influence are refers to be basic human phenomena that involve in psyche or
conscious character of workforce and staff. As power or influence is a traditional conception in
industry. Mostly influence or power states to possible or quality to reason or protect an action of
company. This defines to power or potential for guide or inspire behaviour of workforce and
staff contribute in industry. Mostly power or influence defines to willpower of behaviours of
workforce in company. In context tot Marks and Spencer power or influence is essential part in
industry as it is assists managers control the staff members or employees and provide direction
them for execute their responsibility or duty that are to be did by them for execute risky goals of
company in easy way (Giudici and Filimonau, 2019). As influence or power plays a essential in
getting an effectual outcomes. As decision making process of company are made by supervisor
who have power or authority in industry to direct the workforce and labours.
Struggle within company is defined as authorities and condition of dissimilarity and
misinterpretation within firm. Conflicts can outcome in getting departure of effective
performance in conceived performance. Industry’s conflicts can affect the performance and
competence of firm (Griffiths, 2018). To have better performance or efficiency and effectualness
in workplace, it is essential for industry to trait conflicts on particular time frame as it impact the
getting of goals of company, it bounds the productivity of staff or each employees, brand image
of organisation can be impacted or there is a casual of getting conflict in team members of
company.
Pondy's theory of conflict: It defines sa theory that consists of five stages which are;
Latent, Detected, felt, evident conflicts and conflict aftermath. Managers of company adopt this
theory to understand or analyse entire conflicts condition or actions take provide solution.
Latent conflict: It arise due to the way of work relationship that is developed with in the
company (Harrison, Hoholm, Prenkert and Olsen, 2018). This conflict occurs because of status
inconsistencies between various teams in industry's bureaucracy.

Perceived conflict: It is a second stage of pondy's theory, in this conflict begins when
subunits perceives that its targeted goals are being thwarted by actions of other team.
Felt conflict: In this stage subunits of conflicts develop very quickly an emotional
response towards others. Cooperation between organisational and subunits will reduce if
conflicts arises.
Manifest conflict: In this stage one subunits get back at other subunits by attempting to
thwart its targeted goals. Aggression open between people and team is common.
conflict aftermath: At every stage of conflicts leaves a aftermath conflict which affects
they way parties perceive conflicts and react upon further conflicts stages.
In context of Marks and Spencer, they make adequate use of pondy's theory of conflict to
reduces the conflicts within organisation (Hayes, 2018). Every stages assists in building better
relationship between each other and develop better performance towards business goals.
TASK E
Discuss different types of motivation used in Marks and Spencer
Motivation defines to disposition to perform duties and over in order to fulfil their
expectation and desires. In mostly it simply defines to ways which beginner, directs and manage
behaviours of workforce and staff of company. Motivation involve in social, emotional and
biologic power that initiates workforce 's behaviour. There are various practices and theories of
motivation that can be utilize to motivate employees so that they can perform with their full of
efficiency and effectualness to fulfil their expectations (Islam, Jebarajakirthy and Shankar,
2019). In context to Marks and Spencer, company is using various motivational practices and
theories to keep motivating its workforce and employees in order to manage efficiency and
effectualness of company in corporate marketplace. It is essential for firm like Marks and
Spencer to keep encouraging its staff and employees. So that attribute and desires of workers
and employees perform there can be increased and consummated so that they can be able to do
their responsibility and duty with efficiency. Motivation create a sense of staff satisfaction
towards company which is essential for firm. The CEO of Marks and Spencer use Maslow's
Hierarchy of needs to focus on employees motivation which is describe as below:
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs

This is motivational theory used for study human requirements and also fulfilling their
needs that are important to achieve common goals of business. There are five tiers includes in
this theory that is describe as below:
Physiological Needs: This is based on Biological needs for human survival which
includes water, air, food, clothes, house and etc. In context of Marks and Spencer, they fulfil
employees needs including food, house, water and etc. they provide extra allowance for these
needs.
Safety Needs: This is states the health and safety of human such as safety laws, labour
laws and etc. In Marks and Spencer context, they provide safety at work place sop employees
can perform without any problems and also follow labour laws to avoid government interference
and provide extra facilities to staff.
Love and Belonging Needs: This is based on social needs such as friendship,
relationship and etc. In context of Mark and Spencer they maintain healthy relationship at
workplace between supervisor and employees.
Esteem Needs: This is based on confidence, achievement, respect to each other and etc.
In marks and Spencer context they give motivating and encourage them for better achievement in
company.
Self Actualization: This is based on creativity, morality and etc. In context of Marks and
Spencer they focus on creativity in work so employees can give extra focus on task.
TASK F
Suitable corporate example and literature to justify stand
The various examples of corporate that can be utilize for justification of various
organisational practices and theories in industry. The two other examples that can be taken as :
H&M which is a British multinational retailing industry that deals in fashionable clothing
and home products (Kelly, 2018). Company is using various organisation theories and practices
to have effectual performance in company. Business is using various principles of management
so that performance of company can be improved in marketplace. Company is using democratic
style of leadership in firm which allows its workforce and employees to take active participation
in decision making procedures in order to have effectual performance in firm by keep its staff
and employees motivated through various rewards and recognitions in company.

Tesla inc which is a British auto mobile company that deals in electric cars and solar
panels. industry is perpetually keeping its focus on having innovation in their goods and services
through observing various practices and theories in company (Khan, 2020). Tesla inc is using
transformational style of leadership to keep its workforce and employees skilled and trained.
Business is using various management practices and theories to have efficiency and
effectualness in company. Business keep focusing on encouraging its employees and staff to
have effectual performance in company.
TASK G
Recommendation that helps in increase performance of organisation
From above discussion of various organisational theories and practices various
recommendations can be provide to increase company performance of Marks and Spencer are as
follows:
 The capital which are owed to suppliers should be paid mostly in time frame with
payment status .
 To have improved performance of organisation, company should not get and make one-
sided decisions at business.
 Company's finance status and buyers should be extremely skilled and trained for having
effectual performance at business.
 The firm should give transparency and fair idea in its dealings with various suppliers of
company.
 Data input issues of company that are observe by suppliers of industry can be solved as
soon as possible by supervisor of company with various practices.
 The firm can select right and effectual company structure for firm to have better
performance of organisation.
 Marks and Spencer can use various management principles in company to have a
systematic system of management in business for achieving target goals and objectives of
firm (Liu, Jiang and Chan, 2019).
 Marks and Spencer can focus on business productivity so that industry can be able to
have improved and effectual performance in corporate marketplace.

 Better experience of customer can be provided by company so that brand value of
industry can be manage in various markets (López-Fernández, 2018).
The company can focus on encouraging workers and employees of business so that staff
and workforce can perform in company with their efficiency and effectualness.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded the above report, organisational theories and practices are essential to
perform task towards achieving business objectives and goals. Company use various leadership
styles in effective manner, using right leadership style helps in providing better direction and
gaudiness to employees so they perform task in actual way. For effectual outcomes it is
important to motivate and encourage to workforce, for this company take support of various
motivational theories which is suitable for business. Maslow's hierarchy of needs helps in
fulfilling needs and employees expectations in positive manner.

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