Organisational Behaviour Report

This report analyzes the concepts of organizational behaviour through a case study of Waitrose, a British supermarket chain. It examines the influence of culture, politics, and power on organizational and team behaviour, analyzes content and process theories of motivation, and evaluates the effectiveness of different team development models. The report also discusses the application of organizational behaviour concepts and philosophies in a real-world business situation.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Influence of culture, politics and power on the organization behaviour and team behaviour.
................................................................................................................................................3
................................................................................................................................................7
M1 Critically analyses of Influence of culture, politics and power on the organization
behaviour and team behaviour................................................................................................7
D1 Critically evaluate the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation on the
organisation and their recommendations................................................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context......................................8
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
P3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team....................12
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic co- operation..........................................................................................................15
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................15
P4. Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
context and a given business situation..................................................................................15
M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concept and philosophies in how they inform and influence
behaviour in both positive or negative way..........................................................................17
D2 Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the context
of OB concepts and philosophies that influence behaviour in the workplace......................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
Organizational Behaviour can be defined as a study of human behaviour within a
company which basically connects both human behaviour and the organization. It involves in
many approaches like behavioural, cause and effective relationship approach and it is very much
beneficial or important for organisation (Ashenden and Sasse, 2013). It evaluates the various
ways of employee's performance in which they behave differently for business situations. Thus,
OB is the study of human behaviour in an organisation, where individual can interact with each
other to achieve their targeted goals and objectives in a positive way. In this report, Waitrose has
been chosen which was found in the year of 1908 and there are a range of products like salted
butter, skimmed milk and cream are being offered by them. Along with this, report will cover
Influence of culture, politics and power on the organization behaviour and team behaviour,
content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals. Away with this, assignment will also keep its focus on effective team as
opposed to an ineffective team and lastly, concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
within an organisational context and a given business situation.
TASK 1
P1 Influence of culture, politics and power on the organization behaviour and team behaviour.
Organization behaviour is the set of activities in order to gain knowledge and skills about
how people behave within an organization which helps in understanding the people in a effective
manner. Waitrose founded in 1904 by Wallace Waite in London UK. It is a chain of British
supermarket which deals in food and grocery products and company has 353 shops across the
United Kingdom. In the present time organisation growing rapidly because company launching
their grocery items and bring different taste in food everyday. It has large impact on the
company's performance and their profit also. It is being found that, every single organisation
looks forward to have motivated employees and this could only be done through offering them
with a positive working business environment. Organisation culture is very wide which provides
various guidelines, expectations, rules and regulation for their employees in a effective way.
Therefore, customers are attracted through their new product. There are different types of
culture, which are given below (Carlos Pinho, Paula Rodrigues and Dibb, 2014).

Organization Culture-
In the concept of Handy culture model, it is essential to know about the culture of an
organisation which explain the Waitrose work environment wherein, various people are working
together in the form of chain and company fulfil their needs and demand timely. Manager of the
company also determined the team's problems and try to solve them. There are different types of
culture which influence the team behaviour and organisation behaviour (Coccia and Cadario,
2014).
The Impact of Organisation Culture
Positive Impact
The level of motivation and job satisfaction of
employees will increase when there is a
positive culture at workplace. Motivated and
engaged employees or candidates will work
with enthusiasm and dedication for performing
their tasks. It helps organisation in increasing
the profits and sales. The people working in
Waitrose will attain their personal and
organisational goals within the given time
frame. It helps in overall development of
individual as well as team.
Negative Impact
In Waitrose company if there is absence of
positive culture then it will directly affect the
performance of people working in the
organisation. The individuals are demotivated
and their performance will decline and it
decreases the overall profitability of an
organization. Frustrated employees cannot
concentrate on their work and this will lead in
occurrence of fights and conflicts. In this way
overall management of an organisation is
disturbed. Therefore it is advisable to Waitrose

to have a powerful culture and keep their
employees motivated and dedicated.
Task Culture: In this culture, it provides the flexible working structure to an
organisation. According to this company's manager give some new or different task to their team
members in the organisation which formed to solve a particular problem. Manager also focuses
on their employees learning skills as well as presentation skills. In order to this, an organization
can enhance their proficiency and productivity and managers are also able to achieve their
specific goals in a give time frame. Formulation of effective team in Waitrose company helps in
increasing profits every year.
Role Culture: In this kind of organisational culture all candidates know their roles and
responsibilities in a good way and they are highly indulged in performing their tasks. The
company concentrates on accomplishment on goals by applying different methodologies and
regulations (De Vasconcelos, Gouveia and Kimble, 2016). The impact on the performance
through the application of role culture ascertained that it brings positiveness in their behaviour
along with that it allows them to complete work on time. Afterwards, it help in creation of
effective team within organisation which knows their role according to their work.
Person Culture: Organisations where person culture is followed the individuals think
that they are superior and can make effective decisions for an organisation. This consists of
people with different background, training and expertness like they can be accountants,
advocates, engineers, etc. It is collection of different individuals within the organisation. For
example: If the organisation is not able to make good decision for their team members or
employees then it will creates so many conflicts like socially harmful in which lack of empathy,
lack of support, lack of social interaction and so on that will impact negatively on their
employees. Therefore, company has to follow effective culture for their team members.
Power Culture: In an organisation power culture, it is held by just a few individuals
whose effects prepared throughout the organisation. There are certain rules and regulations
which are followed by people in the company. The different individuals who have power to take
organisational decisions are board of directors, executives, CEO's, managing directors, etc. The
higher authorities take different business decisions in Waitrose. For example: There is need to
use power in order to control and influence behaviour of employee, if top level of management

will not use their power in a appropriate manner then it can heavily impacted on employee's
performance within the organisation.
The Impact of Politics
Politics in an organisation is a very common phenomenon. Workplace politics includes
the human interaction which has involvement of authority and power. Politics at workplace
occurs generally when there is a misuse of authority or power by people in the organisation.
Some employees believe that it is important to lower reputation of other employees for getting
appreciation from superiors. Politics reduces the performance of individuals as such individuals
are involved in leg pulling of other employees, unnecessary gossips and talks. In Waitrose
company several measures are taken to avoid occurrence of such nasty politics and give
employees a positive workplace where they can perform well (Harper, Randall and Rouncefield,
2012).
Positive Impact
Workplace politics is beneficial for employees
and team members within the waitrose
company because of this, all individuals can
interact with each other in a positive way
without any problems. Along with this through
the positive working environment, they can
achieve their targeted goals and objectives in a
effective manner. Good politics helps in
increasing the performance level of employees.
Negative Impact
Politics in an organisation is a process which
influence the performance of employees badly.
When individuals are circulated by nasty
activities like leg pulling, bulling other
employees, gossiping, etc. people are not able
to concentrate on their work and it declines
their performance.

The Impact of Power
The top management of an organisation have the power to motivate their employees in a
effective way in order to achieve goals and objectives in a perfect way. There are various types
of power which is used by the managers to encourage their employees in order to achieve goals
and objectives. Power includes in rewards, legitimate, referent, expert and coercive power
(Hashim and Wok, 2014). These are very much effective power for team as well as individuals in
order to encourage their working performance within the organisation.
Positive Impact
Employees are more motivated and dedicated
towards their work and achieve goals and
objectives in given time frame. This increases
the profits and sales of the company.
Negative Impact
If power is given to wrong person then it will
affect the overall performance of organisation.
People work on their own without obeying their
leaders.
Reward power: It is the power of leader or manager used in the organisation for rewarding
employees for performing good. Waitrose managers provide cash, incentives, discounts,
vacations, club memberships to it's employees for making them preform better. For example: if
the high authorities of company will not give incentives, rewards and benefits for their
employees, as their working performance level then it will impact the employees performance
and behaviour in the organisation.
Coercive Power: It is the ability of leaders and mangers to make their employees do what they
want. Managers force their subordinates to perform different tasks of the organisation. The
leaders of Waitrose use this power when there is a need of urgent operation. For example: if the
leaders or managers will not support their team members as well as employees then it can create
negativity within the organisation and also develop mismanagement in the company, this will
impact the entire team and performance as well as behaviour of individual. So that, Waitrose has
to give full support to their subordinates.

M1 Critically analyses of Influence of culture, politics and power on the organization behaviour
and team behaviour.
In present context, influence of culture, politics and power can easily be seen through a
range of example on behaviour of both individuals and team. Here, based on the factor i.e.
power, Waitrose basically accepts challenges in today's changing environment. But this fills up
employees and teams of different departments with fear and impacts upon there performance
level. Here, decisions like offering training to individuals and team can only be taken by power
holders which are manager, leaders and Board of Directors for there benefits. For example:
culture is based on gender, customs, values if company will give good culture to their employees
then they can get highly motivates in a positive manner. Whereas, politics also influence
employees as well as team members in order to observe good politics it can be form of decision
making process on the behalf of all employees in the company. Lastly power is also influence
employees because some guidelines are given by the higher management which decisions is
beneficial for them. (Hyde, Harris and Boaden, 2013).
D1 Critically evaluate the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation on the
organisation and their recommendations.
The culture, politics, power and motivation are some vital elements that govern organization. A
balance should be created to enable entity to achieve its objectives. Waitrose is a company
operating at large scale and have multiple branches in many countries, therefore, it appoints
employees from diverse culture. Power contribute to majorly in boosting employees' confidence
and encourage them to work in a determined way. Politics determine the way employees behave
in a specific working condition. Lastly, motivation is continuous process under which personnels
achieve their tasks within the time allotted to them. A co-ordination should be formed to avoid
the level of grapevine in the company. The employees feel motivated to work in an environment
that is has rich culture, equality of power, stable condition and regular motivation. These are
independent of each other and can not be avoided. Further, failure of one element will affect the
other. For example, Waitrose has to encourage or motivate their employees in a effective way in
order to increase their work efficiency at higher level by this they can accomplish of objectives
with the help of relationship in between management and team members. Which is also very

helpful for the company to maximise their profitability at good level. (Kazemipour and Mohd
Amin, 2012).
TASK 2
P2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.
Motivation defined needs, demand and wishes for an individuals to attain the targeted
business goals or objectives in a effective manner. It is very important for an organisation to
select high skilled employees. This is the crucial point for a firm because according to this all
employees are responsible for their work and give their best for achieving the particular goals or
objectives. Several company uses different types of motivation theories to encourage and
motivate their employees in a good way. In addition to this Waitrose used various theories to
motivate their employees or team members. These theories are given below (Muchiri, Cooksey
and Walumbwa, 2012):
1. Content Theory: This theory explains about some changes in human needs with time
to time (Robbins and et. al., 2013). It is always focuses on the motivation of behaviour,
according to this theory of motivation, an organisation should understand the needs and wants of
their employees while motivating them for attaining the goals and objectives. It is used when the
individuals have some kind of needs which they satisfy in a hierarchical manner. Once a single
need is satisfy by an individual, it is no longer have the quality to motivate and encourage him.
According to this theory Waitrose uses the Herzberg's- two factor theory, that is explained
below:
Herzberg's Two-factor theory:
Frederick was found this theory. It is also known as motivation-hygiene theory.
According this theory of motivation there are several factors which always motivates the
employees or team members of an organisation and decrease their satisfaction or problems in
perfect way. There are some factors that are given below (Thomson and Van Niekerk, 2012):

Illustration 1: The Foreground of Two Factor Theory of
Herzberg
(Source: The Foreground of Two Factor Theory of Herzberg, 2019)
Hygiene Factor: These factors include job security, status, responsibility, opportunity to
involve in decision making of the managers. These leads to motivate employees to perform
better. The organisation should ensure the needs and demands of employees to give them
rewards and perform better.
Motivational Factor: These are the most important factors which encourages their
employees for working hard to achieve targets. In the context of Waitrose it can use the various
techniques to motivate its people or employees like reward system, incentives, increment in
salary. (Wang and Ritchie, 2012).
2. Process Theory: This theory explains the changes in behaviour which affect the
employees needs and wants. Mainly ii describes the thoughts and plan or idea of
how an organisation can changes their environment and how can develop their
new techniques in different ways. It can be easily understand by the Vroom's
expectancy theory of motivation, which is used by Waitrose:
Vroom's Expectancy Theory: It was established in 1964 by Victor Vroom. It mainly
focuses on the process or content of motivation through the equity or integrity needs. It is very
helpful approach for manager to motivate their employees or team members in a attractive way
by using three factors, these are given below (Process theories of motivation. 2009-2019):

(Source: VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY, 2019)
Expectancy: These factors include in the motivation of employees for doing their job
well so that it will influence Waitrose in order to enhance their employees working level.
Instrumentality: Mangers and leaders will deliver rewards and appreciation to their
employees within the waitrose premises.
Valence: In an organisation if someone is motivated by money he should be given that
and if somebody gets happy by appreciation he should be given that.
The managers of Waitrose takes care to make their employees happy by giving them rewards,
appreciation and certificates.
TASK 3
P3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
The organization has a number of employees who perform their task in achieving a
particular goals and objectives which helps the company in making profits in a effective manner.
There are various tasks in Waitrose company which is divided in to smaller jobs and assigned to
different teams on the basis of their ability, skills and knowledge. Their are two types of team in
an organization that is effective and ineffective teams.
Illustration 2: VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY

The formulation of team is very necessary tasks as these members works together in achieving
the task assigned in completion of project. The difference between effective or ineffective teams
are given below:
Effective Team: It refers to the a work group is a number of persons usually reporting to
a common superior and having some face to face interaction with each other and who have some
degree of interdependence in carry out task for the purpose of achieving common goals and
objectives in a effective manner.
Ineffective Team: In the context of ineffective team, goals are not set. Along with this
employees do not work according to the company norms, due to these circumstances lot of issues
occur among the team members. In this employees are not loyal for their work and also lack of
knowledge about the future target for company (Wood, J., and et. al., 2012).
There is a difference between effective or ineffective team, which is give below:
Effective Team Ineffective Team
In this, goals are clarified in the employees
mind so that team members can easily achieve
their target and goals in a effective manner.
In this type of team, employees are given
responsibilities because they have to gain
competitive advantage.
Effective team members take their work
seriously, in the form of supporting the
company mission and purpose and also
maintain their focus on team's goals and
objectives.
Ineffective team members suffers from many
issues like do not have decision making
authority, lack of resources and unmotivated to
participate. Also, being forced by top level
management for extra work in the organisation.
These members are bound by some values such
as honesty, integrity and empathy so that they
are able to attain objectives or goals for an
organisation.
In this team, there is no proper or systematic
distribution of power among leaders and also
there is no clarification of goals among
individuals.
Waitrose company is a biggest supermarket chain which deals in the food and beverages
or grocery items. In order to increase their profitability, the top level of management is looking
ahead for enhance their business operation in a several geographical areas. Therefore, there is a

need of proper communication between team members for engaging them in performing their
tasks in a effective manner.
Tuckman's Team Development Model
In the respect of this, Tuckman's theory has been given below:
Forming: In the first stage of this model, work is assigned to the employees of Waitrose
company and also employees receive relevant information regarding their work, which they are
going to perform.
Storming: At the second stage of this model, team members express their plans, ideas or
thoughts at right place. Some disputes and conflicts can also arise at this stage.
Norming: In this employees agrees a specific plan in order to achieve goals and
objectives. Through this, employees are ready to work in a collaborative manner by following
their plan or ideas which are recommended by the manager of Waitrose.
Performing: At this stage team members of Waitrose will start performing their task and
focuses on the common goals and try to achieve them.
Adjourning: In the last stage of this model, team leader of Waitrose will directly helps
the employees in order to accomplish the desired goals and objective in a effective manner.
Belbin's Theory
The belbin's theory is also known as role model which is designed to use the talents and
personalities of the team members. If Waitrose want to improve their team members
performance then, it is very good theory or model for motivating the team members in a effective
way. There are nine roles which is given by the Belbin's model in order to improve effectiveness
of team members, these are given below:

Implementer: They have practical knowledge, a good deal of self control, discipline and
orderly and task oriented. Implementers are very much important for every organisation because
of their capacity and reliability for applications. It is said that many executives only do the jobs
they wish to do and ignore those tasks which they find objectionable. Therefore, it is important
part for Waitrose in order to make effective team.
Resource Investigator: They are the extroverted person with lot of contacts within
organisation as well as with team members. They are open minded person which is beneficial for
Waitrose in order to take correct decision in a appropriate manner.
Plant: These people are the creative thinker of the entire team, in which Waitrose
employees needs to fantasize about new and easy solutions in order to solve complex problem in
the team.
Monitor: These are the sensible part of an organisation. In this managers of Waitrose
always identifying all situations for all problem and try to get the bottom of things in a good
manner.
Shaper: They are very passionate and honest for an organisation. In the context of
Waitrose, shaper ensures deadlines are made and goals are met through the willingness in the
company with the perfect manner.
Coordinator: These are the natural factor of the team, it is very helpful approach for the
company, where employees can clarify their intentions or problems and they can summarizes
their needs and wants. Coordinator believes on their team member and able to assign work or
task accordingly.
Completer Finisher: They are invaluable where tasks demand close concentration and a
high degree of accuracy. They have a good capacity for follow through and attention to detail.
They are introverted and require in the way of external stimulus or incentives. They also
motivated by internal anxiety. Therefore, that ensures the team meets its obligation and delivers
on time and they also ensures that team doesn't waste time.
Team Worker: These are the most sensitive members of the team, they are very helpful
and always focused on the developing a very good environment within the organisation. Through
this environment team members can easily communicate with each other and can get highly
motivate by higher authorities in order to achieve goals and objectives in a effective manner.

With the respect of this Belbin's theory this is very important approach in order to create
good environment in the organisation with the effective manner.
M2 Critically evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational
techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.
According to the above point of view content theory and process theory are the most
important part of an organisation. These are very helpful approaches in order to increase
employees performance at higher level. These are critically analysed the function and process of
these approaches which is good for Waitrose in order to create good environment for their
employee and managing work in a well manner. At the other hand these theories focuses on the
human needs and wants in order to increase their brand value in front of the employees or
employers. Therefore, both approaches are very much necessary for the company in the process
of making new plan or strategy which impacted on team behaviour and individuals within in the
organisation. (Wong, Wong and Ngo, 2012).
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic co- operation.
The theories help an organization to survive in the dynamic and competitive
environment. The Tuckman's Team Development model help leaders to develop members in an
effective way. This process is less time consuming and provide greater results. However, it can
not be suitable for each and every situation. On the other hand, Belbin's theory is a lengthy
process which can be implemented if there is high level of conflicts. This can be quite expensive
which will add on the cost. Hence, the leader should adopt the theory after analysing the
situation.
TASK 4
P4. Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
context and a given business situation
There are some pre defined goals in an organisation which company operates and these
objectives can be targeted by some efforts made through the whole enterprise. It is very
necessary for Waitrose have a well structure of team which will be impact on the achievement of
objectives and goals. According to this, company's managers are responsible to give proper
guidance, instructions and right directions to their employees, related to right information which

is important for the achievements within the organisation. In this, team members should be
highly motivated and good reward should be given to them for their work performance. In
addition to this managers of Waitrose follows some factors which are given below:
Integrity: For creating an safe and ethical environment for work which helps in build
strong relationship with the employees. It is the most basic need for employees within the
organisation. Integrity is mainly offered by leaders as they parts of leadership.
Responsibility: This is based upon the employees, where managers give lot of
responsibilities to their subordinates in the form of skills, capabilities, ability to perform a work,
talent, allotments of duties and manage work effectively. This is most important of an every
organisation in achieving of goals and objectives in a perfect manner.
Path goal leadership theory:
This theory is also known as leadership effectiveness model which is developed by the
Robert House in 1971. it was created to explain the various ways which helps in motivating
leaders and supporting followers to achieve the goals through setting a clear path. This theory
helps in explaining the leaders styles and behaviour which is best suitable in the working
environment in order to achieve targeted objectives or goals. The main purpose of this theory is
based on the increase employee's motivation, empowerment and satisfaction. This theory
emphasis in four styles which involves in achievement-oriented, directive, supportive,
participative. This theory effectively applicable on the organisation to achieve everyday goals
and objectives with particular time in a effective manner.
Employees Characteristics:
For the overall evaluation of employees performance, experience is evaluate as a base.
Manager of the Waitrose, allotting duties to their employees on the behalf of their skills, ability
of work performance and their talents. In this, managers need to encourage their staff or team
members for completing the task or work on given period of time.
Task and environmental characteristics:
In this, employees in the organization are highly motivated and encouraged so that they
can easily complete their goals and objectives in a specific time frame. Therefore, team members
are able to work in a good way without any hurdles or issues. Managers of Waitrose should
assure that, the employees or team members have sufficient support from their team leaders
which will motivate them to present their task in a peaceful manner.

Leadership Styles:
There are various styles of leadership theory which influence the performance of the
employees so that, there are some leadership styles are as given below:
Achievement: In this, company managers follow this style to encourage their employees
by giving them reward in the form of certificate for their good performance. This styles also
helps in retaining the employees or team members for long period of time.
Participative: Leaders of the Waitrose, also ensures that all employees of an
organisation actively participating in the team work which is allocate by the team leaders. It will
helps in increasing the current work level of performance in achieving goals and objectives in a
good way.
Directive: In this, leadership styles leaders focuses on their own opinions and thoughts.
This is the most valuable theory which is used by the leaders from every firm. Leaders of
Waitrose follows this style to achieve goals and objectives in order to make coordination among
the employees in a effective manner.
Supportive: According to this leadership style, leaders support their employees in a
different manner in achieving the high level of goals and objectives. Therefore, Leaders of
Waitrose, follows this style in order to enhance their working level of employees and attract
them as achieving of organisational goals.
M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concept and philosophies in how they inform and influence
behaviour in both positive or negative way.
As per the above analysis, it has been evaluated that Waitrose follows various theories
and philosophies or concept for improving performance of employees. By this concept they can
easily attain goals and objectives of the organisation. Path goal leadership theories and
leaderships styles have been used by managers of Waitrose. Employees are given rewards and
awards within the organisation in order to increase productivity and profitability of the
organisation. For example: if Waitrose justify the range of concepts and philosophies so its
affects employees positively because through this they can learn various concepts of
management in the organisation. On the other hand if company will not focuses on the these
concept then it will impacted individuals behaviour in both negative or positive manner.

D2 Critically analyse and evaluate the relevance of team development theories in the context of
OB concepts and philosophies that influence behaviour in the workplace.
The theories provide a certain way to handle the team by the leaders. This encourages the
development of employees which further contribute to objectives of a company. Waitrose should
manage its personnel in a way that will reduce the efforts and maximise the results. The concepts
and philosophies provide added information that can be implemented in order to have a stable
environment. Both the theories along with analysis of workplace conditions should be recorded
so that timely actions can be taken. This helps in reducing the level of conflicts. According to
this concept or philosophies organization is responsible to create good environment and
behaviour within the workplace. Which helps in maximising the productivity of Waitrose in a
perfect manner.
CONCLUSION
From the above representative report, it has been analysed that organisational behaviour
is a crucial part of a firm, which is very important for the Waitrose to attain their targets or goals
and objectives. There are various elements which impacted on the organisational behaviour in
which the culture of organisation is been explained effectively by applying Handy's typology,
also the power and politics elements are also discussed in the above mentioned report. In
addition to this the various motivational theories are explained in order to encourage and
motivate the employees for attaining desired goals and objectives and can improve their
behaviour within the organisation. On the other side of report, the concept of effective team and
ineffective team with the theories of Belbin's and Tuckman's theories had been also specified in
the above report. Lastly the report had been ended by explaining the philosophies of
organisational behaviour within the context of organization.

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