Information Systems and IT Solution

This report covers the methods and techniques that relate to design and development of IT solutions and explanation of different IT support systems. It also covers impact of IT on globalization and and meaning advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure.

Business Management
Cohort 2
BMP4005
Information Systems and Big Data Analysis
Information Systems & IT Solution
2019/2020
February 2020/Semester 1
Submitted by: Name: ID:
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Table of Contents
Introduction...............................................................................................................................3
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and development...3
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples......................................4
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalisation..................................................6
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital infrastructure..........7
Task 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why is IT infrastructure
so critical to digital transformation!......................................................................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................11
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Introduction
Today, Business organizations take immense benefits of information systems and IT
softwares that help in supporting business and management decisions. They use big data
technology in keeping large databases of their employees due to which they need to adopt the
techniques and tools of handling big data. They have to face the challenges of data security,
data growth issues, understanding of big data analytics and accumulation of data from large
big data sources due to which they are required to use various IT softwares that would
support them with IT solutions. Some organizations use MS office or Moodle to support
business decisions and managing of big data (Sharma, Kim and Gupta, 2022). The following
report will cover the methods and techniques that relate to design and development of IT
solutions and explanation of different IT support systems. The report will also cover impact
of IT on globalization and and meaning advantages and disadvantages of digital
infrastructure. Further, it will also cover the risks associated with Information systems
outsourcing and criticality of IT infrastructure for digital transformation.
Task 1: Theories, methods and techniques which relate to the design and
development for TWO of the IT solutions listed here: (i) McAfee;
(ii) Moodle; (iii) Canvas; (iv) MS Office
Methods and techniques of MS Office
It is an application that are designed to increase the productivity of the user and also
help in completing the task on a computer. There are some technique of the Microsoft officer
which are described as under:
Ms Office Word: It is document which facilitates integration of the document with the media
available in the office. It provides the facility of the mail merging where the document can
merged with the other documents. It provides collaboration and allow the users to change and
amend the document.
Ms Office Excel: It is a spreadsheet program that includes in the Microsoft office application
which provides various benefits. It help the user to store the large data where the calculation
can be performed. It provides various tools to analyse the data and provide various chart to
visualise the data and information. It provides the user various template to use and help the
user in transforming and cleaning data.
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Ms office PowerPoint: It is a software that is used to make a presentation by generation of
slides. The PPT designer improves the slides for Microsoft 365 subscribers by generating the
design ideas to be selected according to the desired format. This software helps the
businesses in preparing presentation of the report. It is a technique and method to present the
content to a large audience by describing its highlights (Khatu and et. al.,2022).
Microsoft outlook: It is a personal information manager software program that is developed
by Microsoft. Although it is primarily an email client, but it also supports the functions like
task managing, contact managing, calendaring, web browsing, journal logging etc.
Methods and techniques of McAfee
The Mc Afee virus scan is an antivirus software that is formed and managed by Mc Afee. It is
used for getting a consistent protection from viruses, hackers, phishing etc. it helps in staying
safe online. It is basically a tool that ensures that the user is protected by checking
antiviruses, firewalls , security software etc. The software Mc Afee is developed by using
Agile or continuous integration/ continuous delivery methods that are explained below :
 Continuous Integration : Continuous integration is an agile and Devops practice of
integrating the code changes in the main part of repository. It also helps in testing
changes. Agile concentrates on the processes that considers change in accelerating the
delivery. It is a critical practice for ART. It reduces risks and ensures sustainable
development.
 Continuous delivery methods : Continuous delivery methods concentrates on
software driven life cycles that considers those tools that put emphasis on automation.
While Devops concentrates on culture highlighting roles and do not focuses on
responsiveness.
Task 2: Explanation of the systems below with relevant examples
DSS (Decision Support System)
A Decisive support system a systemised program that is used for facilitating
judgments and determinations and the execution of activities in a business organization. It
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evaluates the numerous amounts of data by the compilation of massive amount of
information to be used for decision making. By this information, creates the reports that
projects the revenues and sales and also handles the stock. For example, a DSS can be used
by different industries such as medicine agriculture etc. such as medical practitioners can use
DSS for diagnostics. It helps the doctor by keeping the records of a patient in a systemised
manner to diagnose.
ESS (Executive Support System)
It is also known as executive information system (EIS). It is a kind of management
support system that helps in decision making to senior executive information. This software
allows the users to transform the data of business in accessible and executive level reports for
example, the reports used by the accounting and finance departments, staffing departments or
billing department (Morais and et. al.,2022). It helps in decision making for business
executives. It used by various industries to provide analysis utilities and performance
evaluation predictors. For example, Cambridge Systematics Inc. created ESS which was
combined with the investment plan for transportation ministry. It is also used in Medical
Information Technology.
TPS (Transaction Processing System)
It is a computerized system or software that is used to record the day to day
transactions that are compulsory to conduct the business. It is the information system that is
used for collection , storage, transformation, retention and retrieval of the routine transactions
of an enterprise. For example, these softwares are used by hotels in reservation systems to
record the data of customers, in entry related to sales in other businesses, in keeping the
record of employees and their payroll record as well. They also assist in providing predictable
response to requests. Some other examples of Transaction processing systems are
Reservation system in airlines, ATM Transactions etc.
MIS (Management Information System)
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MIS is an information system that is used for coordinating, monitoring, evaluating
and visualizing the information throughout the organization. For example, MIS can be used
in payroll processing, order processing, invoicing and other E-commerce businesses. The
MIS includes project management, database retrieval applications, people and resource
management applications etc. MIS helps the business organizations in getting competitive
advantage by facilitating the managers in decision making regarding resource allocation.
Manufacturing, sales etc. It also helps the senior executives in budgeting through the
supporting information technology and systems. There are various types of management
information systems for accounting and Finance, sales and marketing, inventory control,
process control etc.
KSM (Knowledge Management System)
A KMS can be defined as a process for accumulating, organizing and transferring the
information throughout the entire organization. It may also be defined as technology to
handle those processes. For business organizations, knowledge management is inevitable as it
improves the agent efficiency and also facilitates the customers to self serve. This system is
used for applying knowledge management principles to facilitate the customers and
employees in forming , sharing and researching the relevant information in a quick manner
(Neves, Sampaio and Vilela, 2022). For example, a UK based company Tesco also uses
Knowledge management system to serve its customers that helps in enhancing customers
experience and its internal knowledge base helps to the center managers by using KMS.
Task 3: Globalisation and the effects of IT on globalization
Globalization refers to the integration of different economies of the world and their
interdependence on each other. It involves flow of goods and services across the nations, it
also facilitates smooth flow of information and technology , investment and information
across the countries. Basically, it refers to the international trade and investment flows among
advanced economies.
Impact of IT on Globalization
Globalization gained more importance with technological advancement. For example,
the telephone and telegraph communication technology facilitate individuals to communicate
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across the borders in seconds that have made the process of globalization more easier for
businesses. Information technology played a crucial role in creating the worldwide
integration of different global markets that formed the globalization. The following points
describe the impact of IT on globalization :
 Rise in personal computers : Businesses use windows based PCs in obtaining ,
modifying , transferring and distributing the business information. So, the personal
computers allowed the businesses to share the information around the world with
various economies that left a positive impact of IT on globalization.
 World Wide Web : Prior to WWW, people can only use internet but now the
businesses a;so are more able to post their digital content across different countries for
making the globalization of business activities more easier (Tugay and Pekerşen,
2022). The surge in the use of internet by the business organizations also make the
speed of globalization fast and increasing.
 Digital , Mobile and Virtual movement : There has been a great development in
digital and mobile technologies that allows businesses to collaborate with one another.
Information technology is considered as driving force for globalization that helps the
companies in business strategies by connecting virtually with global economies.
 Supply Chain : Supply chain adds value to the businesses by integrating the
suppliers, retailers and customers. With the help of IT, it involves sending of signals
to the suppliers of product by the company irrespective of location that facilitates
delivery of product to the customers. This has affected globalization as with the
growth of supply chain globally, it helps in global collaboration for sharing the supply
chain.
 Open Sourcing : It is a software by which companies present their source code online
so as to make other individuals contribute in their work. It is very useful for
businesses as it helps in making the software product open source that helps the
companies in gaining knowledge about the software from the specialists and
professionals around the world. It created impact on globalization by seeking services
of specialists online across the globe (Miao and et. al.,2022).
Task 4: Definition, example, advantages and disadvantages of digital
infrastructure
Digital infrastructure means the digital technologies that help in organization's
information technology and operations. It integrates the physical and virtual technologies
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storage, network, applications , Paas, Saas and Laas platforms for solving the issues of
company's digital operations. For example, here the chosen Digital infrastructure is API.
Meaning of API
It stands for application programming interface that involves the set of functions and
procedures that allow applications formation for accessing data of operating system.
Basically, it is an intermediary software that facilitates two different applications in talking
with each other. These serve as a crucial tool for businesses by allowing them to expand into
new markets (Kartashov and et. al.,2022). Companies use APIs for website analytics , project
management and online payment systems.
Advantages of API
 It is a best choice for developing resource oriented services by using HTTP and
integrating with MVC driven-applications. It also serves compatibility mode for any
texts including XML.
 It also serves in developing full-featured REST services. It does not need WCF
customization. The businesses that concern about development and performance
speed prefer API than WCF.
 The APIs can also perform CRUD operations (Create Read Update Delete) by using
GET , PUT , POST and DELETE i.e. HTTP verbs. It facilitates in bringing the the
service data to the browsers.
 APIs support all media formats. Its interface consists of IRL patterns and HTTP
methods. Its caching approach is involved with the application control HTTP prefer.
In a nutshell, APIs increase productivity of the businesses.
Disadvantages of API
 APIs involve huge costs to the businesses as they are very expensive in manageing.it
is very expensive with regards to the development time , maintenance on frequent
basis and in documentation for the APIs on the websites.
 There is a lack of security in using APIs as they are not secure while using with the
websites. By incorporating the APIs ,the businesses have to face the attacks on their
websites surface.
It is a very long procedure to develop the APIs.it requires a set size to be developed in an
appropriate manner. So, its lengthy procedure of development is its main limitation.
Professionals with strong programming skills are required to develop the APIs. There is a
fear of crashing while creating and testing the APIs (Khusainov and et. al.,2022).
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Task 5: Risks associated with information systems outsourcing and why is IT
infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
Risks associated with information systems outsourcing
There are various risks of information system outsourcing. Some of them are
mentioned below :
 Possibility of weak management : When there is a low score of IT service on
operational performance dimension, company outsource it to a third party. It leads to
poor performance of the company. The cost and quality issue arises because of
insufficient economies of scale (Usharani and et. al.,2022). Because of outsourcing,
they are required to increase commercial and legal competences in the IT domain
otherwise it will be difficult to manage the outsourcing.
 Inexperienced Staff : The specialist IT companies tend to have professional IT
specialists. But the main risk is that the companies that do not have IT specialists face the
problem and risks of IT outsourcing. But there is a big risk when large outsourcing
contract is given to the major vendor.
Why is IT infrastructure so critical to digital transformation!
A proper network of technology helps in improving communication and for
businesses in increasing efficiency and productivity of the organization. When the IT
infrastructure is strong, flexible, secure and reliable; it helps the businesses in achieving the
objectives successfully and in providing competitive advantage in the market. Digital
transformation transforms the way of operations of organization. Its system, processes and
workflow and structure are all part of the digital infrastructure. The transformation impacts
all areas and levels in the organization by bringing all areas to work collaboratively and more
effectively. Digital transformation is considered as a critical factor by the business
enterprises.so they use IT help to deliver it. They face issues of innovation due to legacy
technology and some conventional misperceptions. Legacy systems are inefficient in
facilitating the contemporary softwares that many organizations use.it creates ineffective
supporting of these systems that results in criticality if IT infrastructure to digital
transformation (Botacin and et. al.,2022). Moreover, the legacy systems require more budget
and more time to maintain them that causes difficulties in IT resource in concentrating on
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digital transformation process. to conclude, businesses suffer criticality in outsourcing and in
IT infrastructure for digital transformation.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it has been concluded that to support the big data
contained by the organizations, it is required to use appropriate techniques and tools to handle
the data analytics. It supports the businesses in storing, accessing, transferring and retrieving
the data in a proper and safe manner. Businesses must use appropriately designed and
developed softwares to support the business operations by using the softwares like MS Office
and McAfee. There are various other systems and softwares that help in decision making and
in management of the enterprise such as Management information system, transaction
processing system, decisive support system etc. The increasing use of information systems
has also affected globalisation in many ways by impacting supply chaining and other
globalised use of IT. There is increased use of digital infrastructure in supporting business
systems such as APIs. Now a days, businesses face risks in information systems outsourcing
for which they should take appropriate and corrective measures. There is also a criticality in
managing IT infrastructure for digital transformation that should also be considered by
business enterprises by hiring specialised IT professionals.
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