Information Technology in Organisations

The provided assignment discusses the importance of information technology (IT) in organisations, focusing on its role in managing and protecting data. It emphasizes the need for data protection to maintain customer trust and loyalty. The document references various sources and studies on IT adoption and management in organisational contexts.

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Executive Summary
In the modern era, business units lay high level of emphasis on undertaking IT applications
and techniques with the motive to ensure smooth functioning of the operations. For this project,
Sainsbury has been selected which offers wide range of retail products and services to the
customers at effectual prices. Information technology facilitates faster processing of transactions
and thereby maximizes productivity. However, implementation of IT tools and techniques impose
issue in front of the business unit and thereby negatively impacts profit margin. Study describes that
information technology help in quick decision making with data integration facility. Technologies
like cloud computing is help in maintain data with huge geographical business working span.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Information technology played an important role in business sector. It is use of computers to
save, transmit, retrieve and work information or data. It gave a lot of information about new
techniques and development. This type of technology is managed computer based data system.
There are six types of job in IT sector. The purpose of this technology is to provide best networking
devices to people. It is very essential for business world. Sainsbury's organization provide groceries
and electrical product to people. It is UK based company. They achieve the second position in
retailer marketplace within 16.9 % stock of supermarket. This study explains social and ethical
issues related with technology and describe role of information technology in management.
LITERATURE REVIEW
IT is very important for every successful business in the world. The purpose of this review is
to mention all the information about this sector. In according to Avram (2014) information
technology support businesses in competitive business world. At present they perform to increase
productivity and affectivity of any organization. It saves money and time of organization.
Information technology support people in order to provide their needs. They played a progressive
role in business management. By using these techniques' industry get all the knowledge of
marketing as well as know how to control information and data. According to Eason (2014) markets
are continuously grown which make it become much complex (Im and et.al., 2016). IT system
provide retail business's development and advanced cope with all involved transactions.
Management of inventory is the role of information technology. They help to improve customer’s
satisfaction in business market. Information technology provide the basic detail of organization and
investor.
It gets reduce investors costs for gaining information and applying new techniques. The
advantages of IT in business sector is that they increase ability of any companies to react for
changes in flexibility and speed of marketplace. While enchaining they provide or analyse industry
data after having differentiation in it. It can use to save financial information, confidential
management decisions and many other important details which helps to lead at the time when

competitive make their strategy to expand their businesses in marketplace or business world.
Information technology keep away or get protect all the ideas of their business and new planning of
increasing business's effectively (Hawkridge, Vincent and Hales, 2018). Through using this process
in industry it builds a strong communication with people and customer’s. Great techniques of
technology attract customer towards buying company products. They support client by giving all
details of industry, process, productivity and functions. Technology helps organisations to
understand its cash flow need. Retailer enterprise used this process to get the basic data of other
companies, marketplace positions and techniques. For using this system it has the capacity of
researching new techniques and opportunities which help companies to stay in marketplace against
its competitors.
Implementation costs is the disadvantage of information technology in industry. The aim of
IT is to make company more efficient than the others. They worked for managing sales process to
increase and improve client services. For getting more solutions implemented needs money and
time. It gets interpreted by the needs of new phases of services. Increasing regulation day to day for
using IT sector. For protecting data is an issue for people who used this technology. Increasing new
technology is the biggest challenge for information technology. Big data analytics is another issue
of this sector. There are many challenges that IT can face in business world. Networking technology
is the best way to provide great services to people. It can be connected through cable, wireless
connection, and satellite (Im and et.al., 2016). Networking is used to stay connected with other
people in the world for the purpose of gathering information’s by internet. It also helps to make
communication with family, friends and many other persons. Adaptive security, cloud computing,
wearable’s and block chain is the latest technology in networking. Networking is used to share data
and importance information anywhere in the world. Connections, shared knowledge and increasing
confidence is the benefits of this system.
LAN and WAN both worked together for serving better services to people. In business
sector networking played an important role. Good networking increase brand name in marketplace.
Personal area network, local area network, wireless local area network, wide area network etc. are
the types of networking technology (Orlikowski, and et.al., 2016). All these are very beneficial for
society and business sector, for the purpose of sharing their knowledge throughout the world as
well. There are five benefits of networking technology which raise the power of achieving success
in business's world. It faces a lot of challenges also by the competitors within same business's
services. Ethical technology behaviour consist on every using technical assets in classroom that is a
way of this word means, is decent and honest. There are the many challenges are faced by using this
technology is IT security, resource or staffing, budgets or costs controlling, bridging business etc.

Sainsbury use IT service to spread their work around the world. For getting more solutions
implemented needs money and time. It gets interpreted by the needs of new phases of services.
Increasing regulation day to day for using IT sector. For protecting data is an issue for people who
used this technology. Increasing new technology is the biggest challenge for information
technology. More dependency on technology increases social issue like increases life style
diseases., lack of face to face interpersonal communication, mental disorders, people are getting
addicted of this technology which hamper their personal life
Role of information technology in Sainsbury
Information technology help an organisation in every managerial work. Sainsbury use data mining
to predict customer behaviour and preference. It reduces the operational cost of organisation. By
minimise the wastage and error in supply chain management. With the help of RFID it can maintain
optimum inventory. Production department and supplier automatically get to know requirement of
inventory with the help of data integration facility of RFID. Information technology also in help in
manage huge valuable data in cloud which can retrieve globally. Sainsbury's customer experience
smooth purchasing by technical sound stores. Sainsbury use information technology in product
design and research so that is can provide maximum satisfaction to customer. Artificial intelligence
help Sainsbury to take proactive action on the behalf of Sainsbury like customer automatically get
notification for new launching. Use information technology in recruitment and selection process for
instance s Sainsbury can sort candidate with required skill and experience. Digital marketing help
organisation to practice all the marketing function like planning, advertisement, promotion by only
one click. These all role playing by information technology help Sainsbury to take competitor
advantage and increased in market share.(Shanmugam. And et.al., 2014)
Social and ethical issue of information technology- information technology has some ethical issue.
Data become most dangerous weapon for bad elements. Data theft, cyber crime, privacy breach,
fraud, hacking, sexual harassment, blackmailing are some ethical issue of information technology.
Recently almost every country face a major cyber attack “Wanna-cry and Pet-ya” which demand
ransom for stolen data. More dependency on technology increases social issue like increases life
style diseases., lack of face to face interpersonal communication, mental disorders, people are
getting addicted of this technology which hamper their personal life. Social abuse, fake news are
the new social problem. Technology is used to for brain wash and change the thought process of
individual. Mob lynching is result of spread fake news thorough social media like what's app and
other. (m. and et.al.,2016)
it uses facial recognition information system, when a customer enter in store his facial mapping is
done through HD camera and store his identity in cloud. Sainsbury use this information to

delighting the customer. Sainsbury also get knowledge about where a customer go first after enter
in store,so that company can make that section more attractive is also called emotional recognition
technique. If data is stolen or hack by bad elements than it will result in privacy breach. Another
information system used by are transaction process system, in which payment record of customer
are stores. It helps company use know about purchasing power of customer so that it can be use for
pricing the product for new launching. In case of data hacking and stealing huge financial loss and
fraud can be done. Clouding network for storage data is the most popular network nowadays used
by companies. In this method the data stored in a virtual cloud. This cloud is a virtual space where
all data placed. Sainsbury use cloud computing because of global presence. Cloud computing has
one major advantage over other network that data can be retrieve from anywhere in world.
Geographical barrier not the problem in this network type (Avram, M.G., 2014).Cloud computing
disadvantage is it have more risk of data hacking, stolen and breach. In storage area network (SAN )
information is shared among clusters only. It is safer than cloud computing but it does not have
integration facility. For example different clusters can not see what modification done by other in
same time.(Nguyen. And et.al.,2015)
Finding-
From above research clearly show how much importance information technology have in
today's business operation. It definitely has huge positive benefit on Sainsbury business. By the
help of using information technology it reduces its operational cost and time wastage in taking
decision. Accurate and huge information help organisation in maintaining co ordination among
functional unit. Like Sainsbury's marketing department use customer data in making marketing plan
and strategies where same information use by finance department for allotting budget to for
marketing. Sainsbury also start making customised product after customer data mining which give
it competitor advantage. Information also use for supply chain management. IT helps Sainsbury by
providing more accurate information about all the stakeholders. Now forecasting become more easy
than earlier by analysing available data. Earlier Sainsbury has to deploy more employee for
gathering , analysing and presenting . But after it adopt the information technology these all activity
become more smooth and quick and it saves psychical expenses which has to made like paper and
files. Integration is the best feature in information technology because Sainsbury has global
presence, so it becomes more easy to top management to get information about performance and
problem faced by company in particular country. It's not about quantity of data only, quality of
collected data also have major significance because if organisation have wrong data than whole
process of planning, controlling, staffing and inventory management will be affected. Wrong data
result wrong research and it further leads as wrong product and service given to customer. For

insuring the corrections of data Sainsbury is one step ahead it uses software like facial expression
which is more accurate than any previous practices of gathering data. IT has huge role on supply
chain management as discussed earlier. These are positive effect of information technology
Sainsbury have. Although information technology has so many benefits to Sainsbury but recent
example is there where data stole by some hacker and demand for ransom which freeze all the
business activity of some organisation. Over dependency can not be solution for every problem.
Sainsbury must use alternative option for storing and gathering data. In case data hacking it can
perform its business activities. Data protection must be major concern either it is organisational data
or customer data because privacy beach can emerge as lack of trust among customer and they can
withdraw their future buying decision (Shayo, 2017).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded that information technology played an important role in many
organisations. Information technology help an organisation in every managerial work. Accurate and
huge information help organisation in maintaining coordination among functional unit. By using
these techniques' industry get all the knowledge of marketing as well as know how to control
information and data. Data protection must be major concern either it is organisational data or
customer data.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Orlikowski, W.J and et.al.,2016. Information technology and changes in organizational work.
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education: advantages, disadvantages, conveniences and limitations. In Proceedings
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