Negotiation: A Multi-Disciplinary Practice

This article critically evaluates negotiation as a multi-disciplinary practice and discusses the range of skills, styles, and techniques required for conducting effective negotiations. It also emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and understanding others in the art of negotiation.

Negotiation

Table of Contents
‘Negotiation is not a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent
advocate for an organized lobby; it is something that everyone does, almost daily’......................3
Critically evaluate the act of negotiation as a multi-disciplinary practice.............................3
To identify and critically analyse the range of skills a negotiator needs to draw upon,
including styles, ploys and techniques, in the process of conducting effective negotiations.6
Develop a level of self-awareness with regard to personal negotiation positions, styles and
characteristics and be able to adapt and understand others in the art of conducting
negotiations.............................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................10

‘Negotiation is not a process reserved only for the skilled diplomat, top
salesperson, or ardent advocate for an organized lobby; it is something
that everyone does, almost daily’
Critically evaluate the act of negotiation as a multi-disciplinary practice.
Negotiation is defined as a method by which different people settle differences. This is a
process by which compromise or agreement is reached and avoiding various disputes and
arguments. If there is any disagreement, aim of people is to to reach the best possible result for
their position. As per the principle of fairness, does important to seek for mutual benefit and
maintain relationship which is a key for successful outcome. There are different forms of
negotiation which can be used in different situations. This can include legal system, international
affairs, domestic relationships, industrial disputes, etc. A person can develop general negotiation
skills and thus can be applied in different range of activities. The negotiation skills and provide
great benefit to people for resolving differences. A person should have negotiation skills for
marriage in different problems in effective manner.
There are different stages of negotiation which includes preparation, discussion,
classification of course, negotiate towards a Win-Win outcome, agreement and implementation
of a course of action. These steps are described below –
Preparation – there is need of taking a decision before any negotiation takes place. This is
done because it is important to discuss when and where the meeting will take place for
discussing various problems. It is also plants that how many people and who will be the
participants in this meeting. Important of 70 limited time screen Asus will be helpful in
preventing the disagreement continuing. This stage consists of of ensuring different facts of
situations. This is helpful in clarifying the position within negotiation process. According to this
stage, there is involvement of ensuring that all the fact are known by the negotiation parties and
they are working effectively. Your organisation is having policies which are useful for referring
in preparation for the negotiation.
Discussion - according to the stage of negotiation process, there are members or individuals
who are telling the case forward by analysing the whole situation properly. There are several key
skills which are useful while implementing the negotiation process. Some of these are are

listening, questioning and clarifying. it is very important to take notes while the discussion stage
in order to required all the points which are are required in understanding any case. it is also
important to listen if there is any disagreement takes place and making mistakes while
negotiating. Each and every site should be having an equal opportunity for presenting the case.
Clarifying goals - this is another step of the negotiating process in which there is
clarification of goals discussed after knowing interest as well as view point of both the sides of
disagreement. It is very important for listing the various factors in order of priority. By the
clarification, it is helpful to identify and establish some of the common features which both the
parties are agreeing on. Clarification is very important part of the negotiation processing as if it
will not be there then there will be misunderstanding which will create problem or barrier in in
reaching a beneficial result.
Negotiate towards a Win-Win outcome - according to this stage of the negotiation process,
the main focus is on a Win-Win result in which both the parties are gaining some profit. They are
satisfied by the decision taken in the negotiation. In this cases, both the parties have gained
something positive. A Win-Win result is the best outcome that can be possible in a negotiation
process. This is not always possible in all the cases that negotiation reaches a Win-Win outcome.
Main objective of the negotiation process is to reach a Win-Win outcome as it will help both the
parties to be satisfied and analyse the the problems which both of them are facing. There are
various suggestions and alternative strategies which are considered for managing the positive
alternative that can help in teaching creative benefits and concerned the holding of original
positions.
Agreement – this stage of negotiation process includes the achievement of agreement.
According to this, once there is understanding of both the sides and their viewpoint is analysed,
there is achievement of of agreement. It is very important for both the parties to be involved and
have an open minded solution for accepting the agreement. all the terms and conditions in the
agreement are analysed properly and decisions are developed.
Implementing course of action – it is analysed from the agreement which is a course of
action that is very important for carrying out all the decisions in proper manner.
Failure to agree - If there is failure of agreement and the process of negotiation breaks
down, then there is Rees scheduling of further meeting in which both the parties have to
participate. This is helpful in avoiding arguments and heated discussions among the parties and

they do not have to waste time and damage future relationship. The negotiation process's stages
are repeated in the meetings and new ideas and interest are developed which are made by
analysing the situation. This stages helpful for looking at other alternative solutions which can
help in bringing both the parties to a common decision.
This can be explained with a case. A French construction business is 6-months into a 2-year
contract to renovate 3 large office blocks in in the Russian capital. Since the start of the project a
steady number of complaints have been received in relation to the noise, dust, speeding
construction vehicles, lack of night-time security, rudeness of their employees and general
disruption to the homes and business from around the redevelopment. There is a meeting planned
between angry local business leaders, residents and important local officials. The French
business is in danger of having its permit revoked, along with the $10,00000 development and
the $1.5 million already invested.
Negotiation strategy
There are different types in which a business can negotiate with the local residents and other
individuals who are having problem from the reconstruction of floor buildings. Negotiation is
defined as an activity that can take place each and every day. Companies are involved in
promoting their services, products by supervising the negotiating skills and motivating
employees to obtain the organisational goals (Brett, 2017). This also consist of setting budget
and timelines and negotiating with employees in order to promote and raise the profits.
There are six type of negotiation strategies that can be used by business for managing the
localised and residents and making them understand the need for reconstructing and
redevelopment of the building. These points include
Negotiating process is continuous, not an individual event
 Think positive
 Prepare
 Think about the best and worst outcome
 Be articulate and build value
 Give and take
Good negotiating results and they obtained by developing good relationship with the local
residents and other people who are having problem from construction of the floor building. this
is one of the best method that French company can use for continuing their work and earning

profit (Ilany, and Gal, 2016). French company has to be a good negotiator look for various
opportunities in order to enhance relationship and strengthen the position of themselves in
market. Think positive will help the French company to manage the problem in effective manner.
Sometimes negotiators underestimate themselves as they do not receive the power which there
having and how they can you start power in accurate manner. French company has to analyse its
power and manage the negotiating situation in positive manner. This company will succeed in
managing the local residents and other people from protesting against the reconstruction of
building by handling the situation positively and making these people realise that reconstruction
of building will provide them several benefits. Information is the most crucial and important part
of negotiation between two parties. The negotiation between French company and other local
residents must have proper preparation of the plan (Wan, Jin, and Sui, 2019). In the negotiating
process, proper research is conducted for analysing the past problems and sensitive points which
other party is facing. In the present case, local residents are having problem like noise, dust,
speeding construction vehicles, rudeness of employees, etc. these problems must be managed by
the company and this is in short that local residents will be having minimal problem. The
reconstruction of any building requires various equipment and tools which make noise. The local
residents are explained that this will take only two years and after that the reconstruction of
building will help several people to utilise the building and proper manner and this will also
increase the value of that place in which the local people are living. There are several problems
which the French company has to face while starting the work of reconstruction. The company
re-evaluates different positions and work properly towards making efforts and providing
information to local residents that the reconstruction of company will provide several benefits to
them.
To identify and critically analyse the range of skills a negotiator needs to draw upon, including
styles, ploys and techniques, in the process of conducting effective negotiations.
Negotiation is defined as the key for successful business. a successful negotiation consists of
good interpersonal and communication skills which are used for getting effective outcomes.
Negotiation is defined as one of the qualities that employers seek while recruiting new
individuals for their company. A good negotiator will be more proactive in closing best deals

which will help in managing conflicts in effective manner and providing benefit to the company.
A good negotiator will be able to have improvised supplier relationships, sustainable competitive
advantage as well as conflict management. There are few people who have abilities for indulging
in a negotiation process and there able to handle the situations in a positive manner. Negotiations
skills can be learnt and they can be practiced for having better results. This is done by innovative
training and development programs which can be provided to the employees for increasing their
negotiating power. There are several modern e learning trainings which are based on best
training videos simulations and gamification which are used for managing the training, etc. the
scenario based training videos are useful for managing the negotiation skills of an individual. It
is very important to analyse the situations in proper manner for managing the negotiating skills.
People were having negotiating skills have analyse various status for reaching positive outcomes
within any circumstances. There are various key skills for using successful negotiation. These
are mentioned below –
Preparation - a person who is already prepared about the negotiating situation will be helpful for
managing the situation effectively. When the person is prepared towards the negotiating situation
then he is not likely to come out with the positive result for both the parties. There are basically
two important things that have to be considered while preparing for any negotiation. The first
one includes ensuring that all the information is useful for the negotiating process. Second thing
is that from the beginning to the end, the information used is helpful for the negotiating party.
Patience - the good negotiator is generally very patient in nature. The main objective of getting
all the agreements includes having a contract between two parties which will seek for cordial
ways and settling the issues and problems. It is very essential for preparing questions which will
task in the negotiation meeting for clarifying and understanding the importance of each and
every point. This is useful for avoiding any misunderstanding and confusions in in later meetings
of negotiating process.
Active listening - the negotiators have ability for listening with full attention and evaluating the
problems which are faced by other party during the conversation. Active listening concept of the
ability that will help in reading the body language and verbal communication in effective
manner. it is useful for listening the other parties and finding different areas for compromise
during the negotiating meetings. An active listener does not spend his or her time in negotiation
but he defence viewpoint and find a positive outcome for both the parties.

Emotional control - it is very important for a person who is negotiating to keep his emotions
under control. there are some issues which are very sensitive and it will create frustration and
sometimes emotions have to be controlled as it will help in handling the situation. This can be
explained with an example that while negotiating a good deal with the supplier, staff and
employees can react in in negative manner as company is maintaining high prices. This is
awarded as employee should be kept calm during the negotiation process.
Verbal communication - a skill negotiator is able to communicate with the other party in clear
and efficient manner. This is one of the best way by which a negotiator can work properly. In
case of any bargaining meeting, and effective negotiator must use skills and tactics for reaching
out desired outcomes and logical perception.
Problem solving – employees who are having good negotiation skills are able to evaluate number
of solutions to problems. The do not concentrate on negotiating for a desired goal but they
mainly focus on problem solving which will lead to breakdown in communication from both the
sides.
Ethics and reliability - reliability and ethical standards in a skilled negotiator helps in developing
trust while negotiating with other party. trust is a very important key factor which has to be there
among the parties which are dealing with negotiation. It is important that negotiator is having
skills for implementing the promises after the bargaining is finished.
Develop a level of self-awareness with regard to personal negotiation positions, styles and
characteristics and be able to adapt and understand others in the art of conducting
negotiations.
There are various problems that a person has to be while negotiating the process. It is concluded
that there are various things that have to be better. It is very important to analyse and understand
the issues of other parties and their point of fuel while negotiating any process. There are various
cases in which negotiators in which day top and seen that they want to have control over the
conversation and it creates yours while talking to the other party. The best negotiator is one who
is truly listening to both the sides and managing the issues which are useful for formulating
different responses. It is important for analysing all the contacts and and evaluate both the
negotiating parties so that the work will be done in effective manner.

It is essential to be prepared about all the entails which whole host of things have to be needed.
There are various steps which have to be followed for managing the negotiation meeting in
effective manner. This consists of reviewing and understanding the business for and reviewing
the other party. This can be done by reviewing their website, getting information from the
market, etc. It is important for the company to analyse the the other parties image within market
as it will help in having the proper information on Google and LinkedIn about the other party. if
the negotiation is between a person then it is important to review the background of that person
and this can be done on repeating any of that person on company's website. It is reviewed that
what are the similar deals by having the company on our negotiation side. It is reviewed that the
similar deals have to be completed in proper manner for managing the pricing and offerings
from competitor of parties.
Each and every person in business do not want to have any difficulty while increasing the market
share or doing business with other company. Thus, it is easy to negotiate with the business if
there is possibility of loss in market share. Any deal which will provide more profit and less loss
to the company will be beneficial for smooth running of the company. On the other hand, if the
company is against negotiation and wants full loss for full profit then it well create problem in
success of company. It is essential to understand the deal dynamics in any negotiation. This is
related to various factors like who has the leverage in negotiation and for which party deal is
more important. This also consists of timing constraints on both of the sides and finding
alternatives for managing both sides.
A principle of negotiation says that the person must be preparing first draught of proposed
agreement or contract as this will help in structuring the deal and implementing key points that
are discussed in the meeting in front of both the parties. second party should be reluctant in
making extensive changes to the document provided by our side.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it is analysed that it is very important for an individual to use
negotiation skills while doing professional as well as personal projects. This will help in
conducting the work effectively and attaining success. Skilled and talented employees are the
ones who are praised by seniors for negotiating in different business situations. So, it is
necessary for a person to be skilled and do his work in proper manner.

References
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