Statistics and Data Analysis

Statistics and data analysis
Student Name:
University
22nd January 2018

Table of Contents
Section 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................2
Brief introduction.........................................................................................................................2
Dataset 1.......................................................................................................................................2
Dataset 2.......................................................................................................................................3
Section 2: Lodgment Method – Dataset 1.......................................................................................3
95% confidence intervals.............................................................................................................4
±2.67...........................................................................................................................................4
Section 3: Lodgment Method – Dataset 2.......................................................................................5
Graphical Display........................................................................................................................5
95% confidence interval...............................................................................................................6
±12.93.........................................................................................................................................6
Section 4: Lodgment Method and Age Group.................................................................................7
Test of association........................................................................................................................7
Section 5: Lodgment Method and Total Income Amount...............................................................9
Section 6: Total Income Amount and Deduction Amount............................................................10
Section 7: Conclusion....................................................................................................................11

List of tables
Table 1: List of five cases of the dataset..........................................................................................4
Table 2: Comparison of lodgment method versus age group..........................................................9
Table 3: Chi-Square Tests.............................................................................................................10
List of figures
Figure 1: Pie chart on lodgment method..........................................................................................5
Figure 2: Pie chart on whether participants would want to use tax agents......................................6
Figure 3: Bar chart of gender versus engaging tax agents...............................................................7
Figure 4: Comparative bar chart of tax lodgment method versus age group...................................8
Figure 5: Average total income amount based on lodgment method............................................11
Figure 6: A scatter plot of total income amount versus deduction amount...................................12

Section 1: Introduction
Brief introduction
Australia is one of the leading countries with international students-it an international academic
destination for many foreign students (Burdett & Crossman, 2012). All persons residing in
Australia are required to lodge and fill tax returns (Harmer, et al., 2009). There are several tax
agent who help people to lodge the tax returns (Warren, 2014). Most registered tax agents have a
special lodgment program and can lodge returns for their clients after the usual 31 October
deadline (Warren, 2014). This study sought to investigate whether the international students
residing in Australia would want to use tax agents to lodge their tax returns. The study also
sought to investigate the relationship that exists between total income and the type of lodgment
method used by the individuals. We also investigated the relationship between total income
amount and the deduction amount. Two types of datasets were used (dataset 1 and dataset 2), the
description of the datasets is given below.
Dataset 1
This dataset is a secondary data that was collected sometime back and stored for future use.
Secondary data refers to the data that was collected by someone else other the user of it (Corti &
Bishop, 2005). These type of data is normally found in population censuses, database websites,
government institutions among others (Kelly, 2005). The dataset has a total of five variables.
Two of the variables (Gender and Lodgment method) are nominal while the total income amount
and total deducted amount are ratio (numerical) variables. Age range is an ordinal variable.
Table 1 gives the first five cases of the dataset.