Augmented Reality Applications in Industry 4.0

This assignment delves into the utilization of augmented reality (AR) within the context of Industry 4.0. It examines various AR applications designed to enhance worker support and streamline industrial processes. The document analyzes research trends, opportunities, and challenges associated with integrating AR technologies in manufacturing settings. Specific examples of AR implementations in maintenance, assembly, and training are discussed, highlighting their potential to improve productivity, efficiency, and safety within the smart factory environment.

Running Head: DIGITAL INNOVATION
CIS 8011 Digital Innovation
Name of the Student
Name of the University

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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................2
2.0 Strategy......................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Short Term Strategy...............................................................................................................2
2.1.1 Mission and Goals..........................................................................................................2
2.1.2 Use Case.........................................................................................................................2
2.1.3 Cost Benefit Analysis.....................................................................................................3
2.2 Long Term Strategies............................................................................................................4
2.2.1 Mission and Goals..........................................................................................................4
2.2.2 Use Case.........................................................................................................................4
2.2.3 Cost Benefit Analysis.....................................................................................................5
3.0 Product Roadmap.......................................................................................................................6
4.0 Integration of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality..............................................................7
4.1 Virtual Reality and Virtual Manufacturing............................................................................7
4.2 Augmented Reality in Manufacturing Industry.....................................................................9
5.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................14

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1.0 Introduction
Virtual reality and augmented reality are two latest technologies that are currently being
used by different sectors for commercialization and benefitting the existing business system.
However, these technologies have only been partially adopted as they are of extremely high costs
and very difficult to implement owing to the lack of sufficient knowledge regarding these
technologies among the employees. Researchers are finding new ways to reduce implementation
cost of the technologies so that they can be applied by different industries.
In this report, the two technologies have been discussed and a product roadmap have
been created for a particular manufacturing company.
2.0 Strategy
2.1 Short Term Strategy
The short term strategy is to introduce the two technologies virtual reality and augmented
reality and limited implementation in the existing operations set up. This will enable the
employees to learn more about the working of the two technologies. Moreover, futher later
implementation will also be possible after the initial implementation.
2.1.1 Mission and Goals
The main mission of the organization is to implement virtual and augmented reality in the
business operations and also integrate both into one common system that will aid the
manufacturing operations.

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2.1.2 Use Case
The use case for the short term plan of the company is shown in the following diagram.
Figure 1: Use Case for Initial Short Term Plan
(Source: Created by Author)
2.1.3 Cost Benefit Analysis
The costs for the short term plan and proposed budget details are shown in the following
table.

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Program Element
Element
Manager 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
20
22
20
23
20
24
20
25
20
26
Technical Upgrades Mr. A
$300
,000
$250
,000
$250,
000
Implementation of
Virtual Reality Mr. B
$200,
000
$150,
000
$150,
000
Implementation of
Augmented Reality Mr. C
$300,
000
$250,
000
$250,
000
Initial Testing in
Operations Mr. D
$400,
000
$450,
000
$500,
000
Additional
Investments Mr. E
$150,
000
$150,
000
$150,
000
Integration of Both
Systems Mr. F
$400
,000
$400
,000
$400,
000
Program Total Costs By Year
$700
,000
$650
,000
$1,70
0,000
$1,00
0,000
$1,05
0,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Program Grand Total
Cost
$5,100,00
0
2.2 Long Term Strategies
The long term strategy includes complete integration of the two technologies in the
system. However, this is not currently possible as these are extremely expensive. Hence, with
growing revenues, sufficient funds should be prepared in order to finally approve the
implementation plan.
2.2.1 Mission and Goals
The mission for the long term strategy plan is to complete the implementation of virtual
and augmented reality into the entire operations system. The main goal is to integrate both the
systems into one common system.
2.2.2 Use Case
The use case for the long term plan is shown in the following diagram.

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Figure 2: Use Case Diagram for Long Term Plan
(Source: Created by Author)
2.2.3 Cost Benefit Analysis
The cost benefit analysis for the long term plan is shown in the following table.
Benefit Sources 2017
20
18 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Cost Reduction
$500
,000
$525
,000
$550,
000
$600,
000
$650,
000
$700,
000
$800,
000
$1,00
0,000
Enhanced
Revenues
$250
,000
$350,
000
$500,
000
$600,
000
$750,
000
$800,
000
$900,
000
Labor $100 $100, $100, $100, $100, $100, $100,

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CURRENT
Feasibility Test and Initial Planning for Implementation
FUTURE
Complete integration of system with Virtual and Augmented
NEAR TERM
Primary Investment and initial implementation of the project
SINGLE SIGN ON
Project manager’s approval
BADGIFICATION
Badge of parent organization and contractor organization
CUSTOM REPORTS
Project plan report, feasibility report, financial repor
Reduction ,000 000 000 000 000 000 000
Decreased
Overhead
$50,
000
$50,
000
$50,0
00
$50,0
00
$50,0
00
$50,0
00
$50,0
00
$50,0
00
Total Benefits
Per Year $0 $0
$550
,000
$925
,000
$1,05
0,000
$1,25
0,000
$1,40
0,000
$1,60
0,000
$1,75
0,000
$2,05
0,000
Confidence
Factor 100%
10
0%
100
%
100
% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Benefits Claimed
for Analysis $0 $0
$550
,000
$925
,000
$1,05
0,000
$1,25
0,000
$1,40
0,000
$1,60
0,000
$1,75
0,000
$2,05
0,000
Program Grand
Total Benefit
$10,57
5,000
3.0 Product Roadmap
The product roadmap is shown in the following diagram.

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4.0 Integration of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality
Before developing an integration plan for virtual reality and augmented reality for the
manufacturing industry, in-depth analysis of both of these factors and their effects on the
manufacturing industry need to be conducted. These are discussed as follows.
4.1 Virtual Reality and Virtual Manufacturing
Virtual reality is an innovation that includes a wide range of thoughts. It characterizes an
umbrella under which numerous scientists and organizations express their work. The expression
was begun by Jaron Lanier the organizer of VPL Research one of the first organizations offering
virtual reality systems. The term was characterized as "a computer created, intuitive, three-
dimensional condition in which a man is inundated". There are three key focuses in this
definition (Barfield 2015). To start with, this virtual condition is a computer produced three-
dimensional scene which requires superior computer designs to give a satisfactory level of
authenticity. One of the recognizing signs of a virtual reality framework is the head mounted
show worn by clients. These showcases shut out the whole outside world and present to the
wearer a view that is under the entire control of the computer. The client is totally drenched in a
simulated world and ends up plainly separated from the genuine condition. For this drenching to
seem reasonable the virtual reality framework should precisely detect how the client is moving
and figure out what impact that will have on the scene being rendered in the head mounted show
(Billinghurst, Clark and Lee 2015). The second point is that the virtual world is intuitive. A
client requires ongoing reaction from the framework to have the capacity to cooperate with it in a
successful way. The last point is that the client is submerged in this virtual condition.
Researchers created the idea of a VM framework and portrayed the item and process
model of a VM framework. In view of the idea and the model, a general modeling and

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reproduction design for a VM framework was created. Researchers also built up a cutting power
expectation model for reproducing machining conditions in VM. VM systems are coordinated
computer-based models that speak to the exact structures of manufacturing systems and recreate
their physical and educational conduct in operation (Ong and Nee 2013). VM innovation has
accomplished much in diminishing manufacturing expense and time-to-advertise, prompting a
change in profitability. Much research push to conceptualize and develop a VM framework has
been accounted for. A virtual machining research facility for information learning and aptitudes
preparing was actualized by Fang et al. (1998). In the virtual machining research facility, both
extensive information learning and physical aptitudes preparing can be accomplished in an
intuitive engineered condition. By utilizing a VM framework, clients can choose and test
distinctive machining parameters to assess and enhance machining forms, and the manufacturing
expense and time-to-market can be decreased, prompting a change in profitability. Be that as it
may, a useful VM framework is profoundly multi-disciplinary in nature (Wang et al. 2014).
Utilizing head-mounted stereo glasses and intuitive gloves, understudies can virtually work a
machine or set machining parameters and information CNC G-code program to cut the work-
piece consequently, Machining process execution, for example, machining conditions, cutting
powers, cutting force, surface unpleasantness and apparatus life, can likewise be recreated with
the machining procedure assessment models. Furthermore, some business software for VM, for
example, Delmia's VNC, can reproduce machining forms in a 3D domain and recognize impact.
A large number of these examination tasks and business software for VM systems have
confinements in their execution. Right off the bat, many machining hypotheses and heuristics
should be modeled in a VM framework (Wei et al. 2015). In any case, most VM applications are
designed just for particular issues in pre-characterized conditions. Other than geometrical

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modeling of machines, investigative modeling of machining parameters, for example, the cutting
power, additionally must be created for each particular errand. Besides, each developing
procedure of another VM framework is similar to the reevaluation of "wheels". Finally, different
VM systems are created with various programming and modeling dialects, making them less
adaptable and versatile because of contrariness issues. Any change m one section would require
the entire framework to be adjusted.
4.2 Augmented Reality in Manufacturing Industry
There are a considerable measure of issues that should be comprehended amid the
computer helped design (CAD) of items in characterized time. Initially the single 3D sections
(singular passages of get together rundown) should be made and depicted in all points of interest.
Augmented reality framework gives an intricate view on dealt with territory and applicable
procedures. Virtual parts are joined with genuine components (Westerfield, Mitrovic and
Billinghurst 2015). It is a common existing of client's genuine scene together with computer's
virtual scene what is considered as a growth. These strategies for improved client condition
discover its usage in numerous modern circles, for instance in range creation of parts from
composite materials. 3D CAD model loaded with fundamental data is then prepared to be sent
out to arrangement of augmented reality. In next stage the dissected parts should be dealt with
and furnished with data about introduction and position, since it should be settled specifically
place of the fundamental creation model in the genuine condition. The 3D model involves a pack
of data about its properties (geometrical shape, introduction and position esteem, mass
properties, material and auxiliary attributes) (Büttner et al. 2017). This information is typically
sent to the extraordinary segment of the computation zone of the computer helped designing
(CAE) systems. With utilization of these instruments the models can be investigated from

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various perspectives and proposals can be made concerning appropriateness of geometrical state
of the individual parts that are will be incorporated into conclusive get together of the made item.
Augmented reality application gives the designer probability to utilize diverse techniques, while
the trademark highlight implies the innovation of showing and helping of manufacturing
situating.
Programming tools called Virtools depends on standards of question programming,
where diverse conditions, activities and relations are recommended for specific protests that as
indicated by their capacity change to the alleged building blocks of the application (BBs).
Markers are graphical images arranged in following space (working territory). Their area and
introduction is gotten utilizing the extraordinary BBs called ART catch. Information is caught on
the info pins of BBs and after that the correct data about their positions get to the yield region
(Posada et al. 2015). Principles and activities running between singular squares or their areas can
be graphically communicated in type of conduct diagram which in the meantime fills in as
programming device itself. Usefulness of whole application can be then portrayed through the
errands that are acknowledged because of various conduct diagrams. Errand of first conduct
diagram is to watch the position of the markers. On the premise of this application the client can
gather, assess and to utilize the data about general development in genuine workplace.
Introduced conduct diagram gives a view on general consistent circles that are utilized for
altering and examination of data from ATR catch yields. BBs called Iterator can allocate amend
name of the part which ought to be connected into the virtual condition by arrange given by the
legitimate circle (Paelke 2014). On account of that there are controlling guidelines accessible:
parameters of definite vector, introduction and beginning vector from past advance. Organize
arrangement of the marker in the genuine condition is related to the assistant framework from

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virtual space. Such association built up with utilized of beforehand specified components makes
the platform for fundamental conceivable outcomes of augmented reality where genuine view is
related and covered with the 3D condition. New facilitate framework gets the essential data from
looking at segment and legitimate circle system shows the way toward moving the 3D section on
its direction with parameters got from information exhibit. Every one of this information is
moved in space called Loading area. Simultaneously with this procedure all data about positions
are sent and allocated to the BBs called Get Position which sits tight for enactment before
moving to the near segment of the conduct diagram (Aromaa and Väänänen 2016). In the area
for correlation, the received data and information are considered by different BBs to process and
to assess those genuine information and the virtual ones. To improve, by methods for the
positional information from the marker of following framework the application can appoint the
virtual facilitate framework in the focal point of marker and utilize it for showing purposes
identified with virtual part development.
BBs that is taking a shot at Switch on Message guideline always screens the activity of
catch reactivation. Showing segment at that point has two potential outcomes: to favor moving
direction of the 3D section or to offer some incentive of the last vector position. After first catch
enactment, the BBs Switch on Message gets the affirming message and vital data around 3D
model is sent from the information exhibit to positional and looking at areas. Important
information piece of looking at segment recalculates and assesses essential estimation of the 3D
section to keep it related to the genuine framework. Facilitate affirmation inputs thusly proceed
to the showing area where the last procedure of manufacturing of part is acknowledged and the
costumer can see the procedure of the moving of the 3D section as per its direction (Gorecky et
al. 2014). Along these lines all new data of position and introduction are sent again into the

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sensible areas of conduct chart with rehashed testing, examination and assessment of new
coming parameters. This is rehashed until the point when the catch is reactivated. At that point
the development is halted and substituted by the estimation of definite position vector acquired
from information exhibit (Chi, Kang and Wang 2013). In the event that the catch is squeezed
once more, the BBs Iterator sends request to move to the following line in the information
cluster.
From the analysis of the two, it can be said that both the augmented reality and virtual
reality technologies can be integrated into one system if the advantages of both can applied
within the entire process. Virtual reality can help to prepare a product roadmap and visualize the
possible design for a particular product and augmented reality can help to prepare 3D models for
the proposed new products.
5.0 Conclusion
In this report, the two technologies have been discussed and a product roadmap have
been created for a particular manufacturing company. VM or Virtual Manufacturing is
characterized as an incorporated engineered manufacturing condition for upgrading all levels of
choice and control in a manufacturing framework. VM is the joining of VR and manufacturing
advances. The extent of VM can extend from a coordination of the design sub-capacities, (for
example, drafting, limited component examination and prototyping) to the total capacities inside
a manufacturing undertaking, for example, arranging, operations and control. Augmented reality
framework gives an intricate view on dealt with territory and applicable procedures. Virtual parts
are joined with genuine components. It is a common existing of client's genuine scene together
with computer's virtual scene what is considered as a growth. These strategies for improved

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client condition discover its usage in numerous modern circles, for instance in range creation of
parts from composite materials.

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Billinghurst, M., Clark, A. and Lee, G., 2015. A survey of augmented reality. Foundations and
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Büttner, S., Mucha, H., Funk, M., Kosch, T., Aehnelt, M., Robert, S. and Röcker, C., 2017, June.
The design space of augmented and virtual reality applications for assistive environments in
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Chi, H.L., Kang, S.C. and Wang, X., 2013. Research trends and opportunities of augmented
reality applications in architecture, engineering, and construction. Automation in
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Engelke, T., Keil, J., Rojtberg, P., Wientapper, F., Schmitt, M. and Bockholt, U., 2015, March.
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Conference on(pp. 289-294). IEEE.

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Makris, S., Karagiannis, P., Koukas, S. and Matthaiakis, A.S., 2016. Augmented reality system
for operator support in human–robot collaborative assembly. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing
Technology, 65(1), pp.61-64.
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Westerfield, G., Mitrovic, A. and Billinghurst, M., 2015. Intelligent augmented reality training
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