Introduction to the Modern Workplace

This essay explores the concept of the modern workplace and its impact on organizational design and culture. It discusses relevant theories and models, such as Handy's culture model and Jay Galbraith's Star Model. The case study of TESCO is used to illustrate the application of these concepts. The essay also examines the relationship between structure, culture, people, and organizational performance.

Introduction the
modern workplace

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Explain relevant theories and models of organisational design and culture...............................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Modern workplace is refer to that term which shows the digital collaborations and
techniques in the operations of the business enterprise and to sustain in the marketplace for a
longer period of time. Introduction of modern workplace can shows the casual environment
where life of an employees are depending on the companies culture. This helps in working
effectively by the workers so that organisations get higher results from this. This report is based
on the TESCO that is the largest superstore in the UK that deals in varieties of product range for
sustaining in the marketplace for a longer period of time. It is very essential to adopts the modern
working environment so that individual performance would be increasing. This essay project
explains the theories and design of the organisations by adopting the use of Handy's culture
model and various organisational structure design so that individual performance would be
enhanced and company will attracts the large base of customers(Bornman, 2015).
MAIN BODY
Explain relevant theories and models of organisational design and culture
Organisational culture
It refers to that which represents the various assumptions, values, beliefs, customers and
behaviour of an individual person within the working place. The culture of the organisation play
an essential role in achieving the targets. In case of TESCO, manager can involves the model for
analysing the culture so that employees gives their best so that company will sustain in the
market for a longer period of time. Management theory of Handy's culture can involves the four
aspects such as power, role, task and person in case of organisation that can be shown
below(Brannan and Boyce, 2015).
Handy's culture theory of management
This model was proposed by the Charles Handy's, that showcase the leading authority of
the culture of the business enterprise. This culture helps in introducing the modern workplace in
the organisation like TESCO that can be shown below(Bryson, 2017).
Role Culture- This type of culture reflects the low degree cooperation and power
distribution because it is generally finds in the Bureaucratic companies. It shows the non flexible
nature that is only job oriented. In case of TESCO, if manager can adopts this culture in
introducing the modern workplace than it does not gives the effective results as it is based on

rules and regulations. In this performance of an employees are important but following the clear
hierarchy is essential. This will not motivates the person to do their best. But in this workers only
get that work in which they get the specialisation so that work can be done efficiently not
effcetively(Duemmler Felder and Caprani, 2018).
Power Culture- This type of management culture represents that power will remain
with the few peoples that means the top authorities only they can take decisions regarding the
task and enjoys the attention within the firm. It involves high cooperation's with low distribution
of power. With the background of TESCO, in this only manager and top authority have the right
to take the decisions as per the demands of the business environment so that individual person is
affected positively and task can be done efficiently. It helps in reaching the goals in a specified
time period because there is fast decision making can be involved.
Task Culture- This reflects the high power distribution and cooperation level that is
mainly based on the result oriented. In this manager of the TESCO can make the team as per the
requirement so that targets can be achieved in an effective and efficient way. In this teams are
based on accomplishing the common goals. Here, the work can be attained as per the employees
mutual understanding and cooperation that also shows the healthy and friendly environment
within the working place(Giannouli, 2017).
Person Culture- This culture is adopted in the following business enterprise where
workers are found to be experienced and skilled at their own work so that they can complete
their task with more efficiency and effectiveness. In TESCO, manager can allotting the work as
per their specialisation so that they feel important at that place and accomplished the work
appropriately. In this a person thinks on the individual basis rather than on the team basis.
For maintaining the modern workplace in the TESCO, manager can apply the task culture
where work can be done in a team and it is very essential to work with coordination to develops
a healthy and casual working environment. It shows as the maximum cooperation and
distribution so that target can be accomplished on a set period of time(Saatçi and et . al., 2019).

Illustration 1: source: Handy Model of Organisational Culture, 2020
Organisational design
It refers to a foundational part of the successful business enterprise and getting the HR
ability that shows a influencing activities that helps in shaping the outcomes to sustaining in the
marketplace in the modern world. This term is very effective for the TESCO proficiency and for
this manager of company can follow the Star model that is developed by the Jay Galbraith's. It
can be shown below(Sharma, 2019).
Jay Galbraith's Star Model
This organisational design was proposed by Jay Galbraith that shows the basis of choices
of designing the organisation. It is bifurcate into five aspects that includes strategy, structure,
rewards, people, processes which can be given below with the context of TESCO.
1. Strategy- It is the first element of the star model that shows the vision, mission and objectives
of the organisation so that task can be completed and firm will achieves it goals. In case of
TESCO:
Vision and mission- Is to become a largest and highly valued organisation within the market and
in the eyes of customers by serving the quality to make a loyal and committed colleagues and
stakeholders(Sperber, 2019).
Objectives- The major objective of the Tesco is to enhance the 20% market share by maximising
the profits with 15% and customer base with 25% within a period of 2 years.

On the basis of which manager of TESCO can determines how the work can be accomplished
with more specification and efficiency. For this maintain the proper structure so that task can be
achieved within a specified time period.
2. Structure- After the objectives has to be decided on the basis of vision and mission manager
of TESCO can create a modern workplace and for this they can follow the effective structure so
that task can be achieved within a period of time. There are various types of organisation
structure such as flat structure, line structure, divisional structure, matrix structure etc. but
manager can adopts the line organisational structure so that task can be attained. This structure
design helps in building the modern workplace where every work should be done in a systematic
way. In this type of structure work can be done effectively and efficiently without any
misunderstanding. It shows the clarity in the mind of people for whom they follow the orders and
form whom they are accountable. It is the basic of the modern workplace where every things
should by systematically done. In this every department is controlled by one head due to this
decision can be taken fastly and effectively. It also helps in maintaining stability within the
organisation. It also helps the leaders to motivates their employees according to their task so that
they give appropriate results(Van De Mieroop and Schnurr, 2017).

Illustration 2: source: Organisational Chart - Tesco Stores, 2020
3. Processes- It is the third step of the star model that reflects the reflection after a proper
structure can be designed according to the task and plan. In this manager of the TESCO can
made the horizontal and vertical processes so that relations between the employees and employer
would be maintained and targets can be achieved in an effective and efficient way. This process
helps in done the work by the employees in a systematic way. For example- finance department
can pass the budget for completion the task and it could be process under the organisations a
according to the specialisation so that utilisation of resources can be maintained. In this leaders
play an essential role to maintains the consistency in the work(Venne and Hannay, 2018).
4. Rewards- After processing the work managers can offers the rewards for achieving the
objectives on the specified time period so that organisation can sustain in the marketplace for a
longer period of time. It also helps in boosting the morale of the individual employees due to this
productivity of an employees is improved. In this manager of TESCO, can encourage the
workers for effective work by giving them monetary and non monetary benefits according to
their individual interest so that they can give their best. In this leaders play a significant role
because they take the initative for boosting the motivational level because they play a role of

mediator between the managers and employees. This will present in the modern workplace so
that employees satisfactorily do their task.
5. People- This term is related to the policies of manpower of the business enterprise. In this
manager of TESCO, can assures that they could follow a proper policy, rules and regulations
regarding improving the work performance of an employees. To build a modern workplace it is
very essential to hire and recruit those applicant who work smartly so that objectives and goals
can be achieved within a predetermined period of time. In this they can also focus on evaluating
the performance of an individual person so that providing training and development according to
that. This helps in enhancing their overall individual performance and retaining the workers for a
long period of time. It also helps in satisfying the workers with that and due to this they can
attracts the large base of customers.
It is very essential for introducing the modern workplace in TESCO that they can
properly follow the organisational culture and structure because it helps in doing the work
effectively and systemically. As TESCO can apply the line organisational structure with
effective task culture so that goals can be accomplished according to the modern workplace
requirements.
Illustration 3: source: Jay Galbraith’s Star Model, 2020
Relationship between structure, culture, people and organisational performance
For reaching the goals and objectives it is very essential to maintains the relationship
between the structure, culture and people so that performance of an individual would be

increases and also the organisational productivity. In this TESCO can adopts the task culture to
maintains and organise it properly company can design a line structure where task can be divided
as per the interest of the employees and their capabilities so that it gives the effective results in
the future of the firm(Zayts and Norrick, 2020).
Role of leadership that determines effectiveness management and leadership
Leader play an essential role in the working place because it helps in influencing the
workforce to done their work effectively and efficiently. It play an important role in the line
organisation structure because it manages the relations between the employees and line managers
so that misunderstanding cannot be created. They also set the vision so that managers can make
plan according to this for achieving the targets. In TESCO leader can apply the transformational
leadership style so that they can influence the workers to work that was manages and organises
by the managers of the company. It helps in maintaining the healthy and friendly culture within
the business enterprise that helps in creating satisfaction within the mind of the people.
Evaluate behavioural approach to management that shows differences in individual
behaviour
It is to be evaluated that the behavioural approach to management is an effective tool that
shows the different behaviour of the individual person in the working environment. In terms of
TESCO, manager can examine the individual performance with their behaviour. This can ne
monitor by analysing their needs and perception and in this if one employee is get motivated
with the monetary value and work only for earning higher incentives than company can offer to
them only financial benefits so that they work effectively and efficiently. In this if one person
can motivated with getting the paid leave for the good work than the manager offers that so that
they can work with high productivity and this also helps in enhancing the performance of the
employees. This terms shows the individual behaviour with in the working environment. To
build a modern workplace it is very essential to focus on the satisfaction of employees so that
they can work on satisfied the demands of the customers for company so that it will sustain long
in the marketplace(Zayts and Norrick, 2020).
CONCLUSION
From the above showcasing essay report it is to be concluded that the world is now
focusing on trending things and adopts the digitalisation. In present environment businesses will
focus on maintaining the modern workplace so that employees work effectively and efficiently.

In this organisation manager and leaders play and essential role to maintain the modern and
classy culture in their business working place so that task can be accomplished with improving
the individual performance and this also helps in maximising the productivity of the firms. It also
inculcates the relation between structure, culture and organisational performance so that they can
earn higher profits. Further Handy's culture model helps in prescribing the best culture and
identifying the following culture so that if there is a need to adopts change it could be done
effectively.

REFERENCES
Books & Journal
Bornman, L., 2015. Exploring Realistic Job Previews in the modern workplace: an employee
perspective (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria).
Brannan, J.R. and Boyce, W.E., 2015. Differential equations: An introduction to modern
methods and applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Bryson, A., 2017. Mutual gains? Is there a role for employee engagement in the modern
workplace?.
Duemmler, K., Felder, A. and Caprani, I., 2018. Ambivalent occupational identities under
modern workplace demands: the case of Swiss retail apprentices. Journal of Vocational
Education & Training. 70(2). pp.278-296.
Giannouli, V., 2017. Emotional aspects of leadership in the modern workplace. In Handbook of
Research on Human Factors in Contemporary Workforce Development (pp. 24-59). IGI
Global.
Saatçi and et . al., 2019, September. Hybrid Meetings in the Modern Workplace: Stories of
Success and Failure. In International Conference on Collaboration and Technology (pp.
45-61). Springer, Cham.
Sharma, N. ed., 2019. Analyzing Workplace Deviance in Modern Organizations. IGI Global.
Sperber, J., 2019. Consumer Management in the Internet Age: How Customers Became
Managers in the Modern Workplace.
Ubelejit-Nte, A.A. and Harcourt, P., Achieving Equality for Each Gender in the Workplace: The
African Dimension.
Van De Mieroop, D. and Schnurr, S., 2017. ‘Doing Evaluation’in the Modern Workplace:
Negotiating the Identity of ‘Model Employee’in Performance Appraisal
Interviews. Negotiating Boundaries at Work: Talking and Transitions. p.87.
Venne, R.A. and Hannay, M., 2018. Generational change, the modern workplace and
performance appraisal: Why changing workplaces need a developmental approach to
performance appraisal. American Journal of Management. 18(5). pp.88-102.
Zayts, O.A. and Norrick, N.R., 2020. Narratives of Vicarious Experience in Professional and
Workplace contexts: Introduction to the special issue.

Online
Jay Galbraith’s Star Model, 2020. [online]. Available Through
<https://www.toolshero.com/management/jay-galbraiths-star-model/>
Handy Model of Organisational Culture, 2020. [online]. Available through <
https://www.toolshero.com/management/handy-model/>
Organisational Chart - Tesco Stores, 2020. [online]. Available through <
https://www.slideserve.com/tosca/organisational-chart-tesco-stores >