Motivation and Employee Performance Analysis

The provided report is about motivation and its significance in business management. It discusses various theories such as Maslow's need hierarchy, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and McGregor's Theory X and Y, which are used to analyze the role of motivation in employee performance. The assignment also provides a case study of Tesco, a multinational retail company, to illustrate how motivational techniques can be applied in real-world scenarios.

Introduction to
Business studies

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Motivational theories..................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Motivation is an important attribute that resides in people's action, willingness and goals.
Motivation is very much necessary for an individual to remain always positive and enthusiastic
with to give their best. Organisation spends focus on giving motivation by various ways so that
employees can contribute in organisational goals and objectives. This report is based on Tesco
which is an British multinational groceries and merchandise retailer. This report is based on
scenario that Tesco aimed to open a new store named as “Jack” which have similar work culture
and values and they try to motivate employees so that report demands the motivational theories
that give guidance to management as well employees.
MAIN BODY
Motivational theories.
Motivation is an important factor that helps to both individual and organisation to remain
always optimistic with to given their best in organisational growth and enhancement (Aral,
Dellarocas and Godes, 2013.). In scenario of Tesco which is an multinational organisation
aimed to open a new store named “Jack” which has same culture and values. so to reach at
desirable goal and objective motivation of employees are very much important for that they avail
kinds of theories of motivation so that they can lead their employees towards an definite path.
Maslow' theory of motivation:

Maslow's hierarchy of needs that is an motivational theory which is an five tier model of
human needs and wants which is in pyramidal. There are some important attributes in that model
that are as follows:
Physiological needs:
These needs are biological needs in nature in which air, food, water, shelter with sleep. If
that kinds of needs not satisfied in proper manner then human body can not function in proper
way (Bell, Bryman and Harley, 2018). In case of Tesco which opened a new store Jack so to
motivate people they evaluate their needs so that they remain motivated. In case of Jack they
focus on each and every aspect of employees needs and bifurcate into different fields of classes
so that necessary results should be accomplished.
Safety needs:
In safety needs consist of elements of security, order, law and stability, freedom from fear
so that employees can give their best. In case of Tesco to motivate people they search in a
hierarchical way so they satisfy their wants properly. They conduct research and find out core
needs of different needs and plan accordingly which helps to employees in enhancing their
motivation level. In case of Tesco when they give insurance and other related benefits to
employees they feel motivated and helps in enhance their productivity.
Love and belongingness needs:
After satisfying needs of physiological and safety needs, organisation think about giving
social and feeling of belongingness by giving them respect, affection and many more
(Volkmann, Tokarski and Ernst, 2012). In Tesco after evaluating their needs and wants in
proper manner they give employees high level of designation that helps in raise their living
standard and motivate to bring harmony in works and activities.
Esteem needs:
Esteem needs refers to need for respect, self esteem and self confidence which are an
important indicator of motivation and remain always optimistic. Tesco plan each and every
activity and according to performance of employee give them promotions that helps in enhance
their motivation level. For an example in case of Jack which opens a new store in that case to
enhance productivity of employees organisation focus on giving promotions and other rewards to
gain objectives.
Self actualization needs:

In that kind of need self fulfilment, personal growth and experience which are very much
potential for an individual as well for an organisation to remain always competitive in market
(Chua and et.al ., 2012.). In case Tesco they aimed to open a new store so that they focus on
giving growth and experience that helps in enhance their motivation level in positive way. They
give challenging tasks and duties that helps in enhance their motivation level and also give
experience.
Advantages:
This is one of most useful summary which denotes about human needs in which can be
elaborate by product design, positioning and pricing. In case of Jack they use that theory to
access the needs and wants of their potential employees by design a whole criteria of their needs
and provide them accordingly.
Disadvantages:
The major disadvantage with that theory that it can not be examined empirically and there
are not proper way to measure satisfaction level of employees. In order to Jack are sometimes
face that problem too because criteria of need changes according to circumstances that change
rapidly.
The another disadvantage that culture difference always exist in an organisation that
hinders self interest of employees. On other hand it is difficult to apply in another case of Jack
because accessing needs and wants of people is difficult because it vary from person to person.
Tesco is an multinational organisation and people come from different backgrounds so some
concerns regarding their needs should be raised in that case.
Mc Gregor's theory of X and Y:
Theory X and Y which denotes two different styles of management in which theory X
(authoritarian) and theory Y(Participative).
Theory X:
That theory states about pessimistic view of people and they are naturally unmotivated
and not like work. In that case management have to give promotion, reward and punishment
constantly to complete an particular task. Management tools such as promotions, reward helps to
employees to enhance their motivation level and enhance their productivity. According to that
theory organisation by evaluating performance of employees give them challenging tasks,
promotions and incentives that give them motivation by enhancing their productivity.

Theory Y:
Theory Y states that managers evaluates about people who are optimistic and remain
always positive and love their work in that case organisation have to use participative
management style (Forsgren and Johanson, 2014.). That helps to encourage a most
collaborative, trust based relationship in management and respective team members. In case of
Tesco while they adopt factors that motivate people according to interest areas of employees. In
that case Jack when they open a new store they have to coordinate and support by creating trust
on their employees and their performance so that they feel motivated enough.
Advantages:
The main advantage behind that theory it give clear results that are easy to understand
and give right kind of evaluation criteria to organisation. In case of Tesco they by evaluating
performance of employees and it is one of best theory of good guiding to management by
applying various motivational techniques. So it is most beneficial for Jack to give motivation to
their employees in right way.
Disadvantage:
The main disadvantage of Theory X and Y that it is over generalise and over simplify. In
addition to it squeezes managerial styles and kinds of philosophies which is far from reality to
gain right kind of knowledge and information. In case of Jack the criteria of results is not
appropriate according to employee self interest because changes according to time and situation
which is very much difficult for organisation to measure and evaluate.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarised that motivation is an important factor in
determining the traits and behaviour of an individual and group of individuals. Organisations
spends lot of time and money to maintain motivation level of employees because it directly and
indirectly affects on their profit and work. There are various theories and practices to determine
the role and attributes of motivation in which Maslow's need hierarchy, Herzberg two factor
theory and Mc Gregor's theory of X and Y that give direction to attain desirable goals and
objectives.

REFERENCES
Books and journals:
Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. and Godes, D., 2013. Introduction to the special issue—social media and
business transformation: a framework for research. Information Systems Research.
24(1). pp.3-13.
Bell, E., Bryman, A. and Harley, B., 2018. Business research methods. Oxford university press.
Chua, J.H.,and et.al ., 2012. Sources of heterogeneity in family firms: An introduction.
Erasmus, B., Strydom, J.W. and Rudansky-Kloppers, S. eds., 2016. Introduction to business
management. Oxford University Press Southern Africa.
Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J., 2014. Managing networks in international business. Routledge.
Goss, D., 2015. Small Business and Society (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.
Volkmann, C., Tokarski, K. and Ernst, K., 2012. Social entrepreneurship and social business. An
Introduction and Discussion with Case Studies. Gabler. Wiesbaden.
Online:
What Is Motivation and How to Strengthen It 2019 [Online] Available
through<https://www.successconsciousness.com/strengthen_motivation.htm>.