Introduction to Business Studies Task 3

This report analyzes the application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory to motivate employees at Jack Discount Stores. It examines the advantages and disadvantages of each theory and proposes their implementation to create a positive work culture and enhance employee productivity.

INTRODUCTION TO
BUSINESS STUDIES (Task
3)

TASK 3
Motivational theory which work for Jack discount stores and will satisfy Tesco management
To,
Management directors of Tesco,
Date: 11 Jan 2019
Subject: regarding development of motivation among new employee
It is reported to higher management that to develop understatement of work culture among new
employees of Jack Store, two motivational theory will be developed by HR assistant. To carry
similar culture of work according to Tesco management, Maslow's hirarchy of needs and
Herzberg two-factor theory will be followed.
 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs-
As a HR assistant, this motivation theory will be developed to increase employee productivity in new
Jack Store. Theory is developed to suggest that employees will only get motivated when their basic
needs get fulfilled (Fallatah and Syed, 2018). Physical survival is the basic thing which motivate and
improves behaviour of individuals towards their working. Being an HR assistant, by fulfilling lower level
needs of employees repulsive feelings will get prevented. Such five basic needs are physiological,
safety, social, esteem and self actualisation needs. Diagram which represent five basic needs of
individuals are as follows-

Physiological Needs: this need is considered as biological requirement in which factors like
food, water, sleep includes. These are needs required to fulfil to survive in business. These are
considered as natural instincts without which human will not be able to survive. According to
Mashlow's theory, this is the most important from all other needs.
Security Needs: this needs include safety and security at workplace. To retain employee for
long term basis, proper strategies needs to develop for providing safety so that employees work with
full encouragement for specific project of store.
Social Needs: this are the needs which includes love and affection. By contributing in social
activity, employees feel motivated and work with the best efforts. Such needs include friendship,
families etc.
Esteem Needs: after fulfilling first three needs, this requirement is needs to fulfil by employer
(Hale and et.al., 2018). These are requirement which includes self respect and personal merit.
Employee likes to work in environment where mutual respect is provided to each other.
Self actualisation Needs: this need considered as the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of
needs. According to this stage, individuals are more conscious and concern for their personal growth.
Here people are interested in fulfilling their own needs.
Illustration 1: basic needs of employees
( source: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, 2017)

Advantages of this motivation theory is as follows-
 Main advantage of this motivational theory is that it is very simple to understand. Proper
stages of needs pyramid is given in this theory which provide easy understand to those who
wants to adopt in workplace.
 Another advantage of this theory that it give consideration of basic human nature. Lower level
needs are more demanding therefore, by following this motivational theory individual work
with full encouragement.
Disadvantages are as follows-
 Major disadvantage of this theory is that all individuals will not think in same way ( Buchanan
and McCalman, 2018). Different individuals have different needs such as for some people
safety and respect is more important that of social needs.
 Another disadvantage of this theory is that it is very difficult to measure the satisfaction level
of each individual because this theory deals with human mind which cannot be predicted.
Herzberg two-factor theory:
To achieve high commitment and dependability towards job among employees, this
motivational theory will be followed by HR assistant. This theory stated that job satisfaction of people
depend upon two factors that is motivation factor and hygiene factor. Factors like achievement,
recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth comes under motivational factor and
company policies, supervision, relationship, work conditions, remuneration, salary and security
includes under Hygiene factor (Hur, 2018). This theory emphasis on four states which found by
organisation and which are as follows-
High hygiene and high motivation: this is known as ideal situation where all the employees are
motivated and will only have few grievances from organisation.
High hygiene and low motivation: this is the situation in which employee only have few
grievances but they are not highly motivated in their working. For example: individuals have good pay
scale but the work of organisation is not very interesting.
Low hygiene and high motivation: this is the situation where employees are highly motivated
but they have lot of grievances. For example: employees have interesting work but they pay scale are
behind competitors.
Low hygiene and low motivation: this condition for bad situation for organisation. According
to these employees are not motivated and they also have lots of grievances (De Vito and et.al.,
2018).
By this analysis, HR assistant of Jack store will able to eliminate job hygiene stressors and will
able to boost job satisfaction which work as a motivational factor among new employees of

organisation.
Advantage of two-factor theory-
 The foremost advantage of this theory is that it emphasis on developing motivating within
employee without focusing on external factors. Therefore, HR assistant of Jack store will able
to adopt this theory to create positive work culture of business.
 With the development of this theory HR assistant will able to know about problems of
employees and by solving that problems, positive work environment will get developed at
workplace.
Disadvantage of two-factor theory-
 Disadvantage with this theory is that there no guarantee that with development of this theory
employee get motivated and improve productivity of work.
 Another disadvantage with this theory is that it ignores external factors which plays an
big role to achieve growth of company (Johnson and et.al., 2018).
Therefore, with this development of motivational theory Jack store will able to retain its
employees for long term perspective where they will work best for achieving organisational
objective. This theory work as motivational factor among employees where they will encourage
improving skills which required for completing specific goal of organisation.
From-
HR Assistant

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Johnson, J and et.al., 2018. Part 1: Foundational Theories of Human Motivation.
Buchanan, D.A. and McCalman, J., 2018. High performance work systems: The digital
experience. Routledge.
Hale, A.J and et.al., 2018. Adapting Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a Framework for Resident
Wellness. Teaching and learning in medicine. pp.1-10.
Fallatah, R.H.M. and Syed, J., 2018. A Critical Review of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
In Employee Motivation in Saudi Arabia (pp. 19-59). Palgrave Macmillan. Cham.