Motivational Techniques at Jack stores

This report comprises of motivational theories, advantages and limitations. Motional theories are essential as they help to identify and examine factors which motivates individual.

INTRODUCTION
TO BUSINESS
STUDIES

Table of Contents
TASK 3- Case-Study - Motivational Techniques at Jack stores............................................................3
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY........................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................7
Books & Journal:...................................................................................................................................7
TASK 4.................................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................9
MAIN BODY........................................................................................................................................9
1. Short term and long term sources of finance to fund the acquisition of the ferry and for the
company’s working capital needs......................................................................................................9
2. An evaluation of various investment appraisal techniques and recommending the viability of the
acquisition and operation of the new ferry based on one suitable investment appraisal technique
using the data above........................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................12
Books & Journal:.............................................................................................................................12

TASK 3- Case-Study - Motivational Techniques at Jack stores
INTRODUCTION
Motivation play important role in every one life because it encourages individual to
achieve goals and objectives. In corporate world, it is crucial to that every employee work
with motivation so that assigned roles and responsibilities are fulfilled. Tesco, Multinational
Corporation headquartered in UK. Firm deals in variety of products such as cosmetics,
groceries, apparels etc. This report comprises of motivational theories, advantages and
limitations. Motional theories are essential as they help to identify and examine factors which
motivates individual. Through such theories, it becomes easy for them to identify whether
personnel are motivated or not.
MAIN BODY
Organisation focuses on motivational theories so that work is being carried out in
proper manner. Without motivation it is not possible for anyone to achieve the success or
objectives. Thus, there are many motivational theories which are adopted by firm such as
Maslow hierarchical of needs, Hertzberg two factor theory, MC Cleland’s theory of needs,
Vroom theory of expectancy, MC Gregor’s theory X and Y etc. All such theories assist firm
to take decisions properly. All these are used by companies so that according to their
demands and requirements. They are time consuming but effectively are adopted by every
enterprise. As Tesco is implementing its new store ‘Jack’, to make it successful it is crucial to
adopt appropriate motivational theories so that employees are able to perform in proper
manner (Erasmus, 2016).
Maslow hierarchy of needs- According to this theory, it specifies that all people in
are motivated by basic needs which stimulated them to put work for those needs. These are
important so that personnel are able to achieve their goals. In relation with Tesco, they to
identify if personnel are motivated are not they need to aware about basic needs which are
discussed below-
Physiological needs- These are defined as those needs in which shelter, food, clothes,
etc. are involved. These are also known as survival needs which are to be fulfilled in
appropriate manner. In context to of chosen firm, they should provide such things so that
employees are able to survive (Nielsen, 2017).

Security and safety needs- Further comes the safety and security in which salary,
health benefits, incentives etc. are being considered as safety as well as security needs. In
this, personnel focus on these requirements and such needs becomes property. So, selected
brand should provide both these needs so that subordinates work without any worries or fear
of future.
Social needs- Each and every employee desire for social needs such as friendship,
family, social groups etc. Because salary is not only the priority of subordinates and these are
important as they assists in reducing stress and provide emotional concerns which leads to
development of relationships. Thus, chosen enterprise need to be aware about such desire
such as by establishing positive environment around the company.
Esteem needs- In this, priority changes and personnel focus on respect, morale,
satisfaction, appreciation from others. Also, personal worth is too included as esteem needs.
Thus, in relation with Tesco to they need to consider these needs so that stability of personnel
increases for longer period of time (Teece, 2018).
Self-actualisation needs- Other than above specified needs, in this main focus is on
personal growth and development. These are also crucial as it become important for them to
achieve their self-actualisation needs. In relevance with selected brand, it is they are global
leader of supermarket & personnel have higher growth and self-actualisation is easily present.
Advantages-
Simple to understand- This theory of motivation is easy to understand and it is easy
to relate it to individual life because everyone passes with pyramid of needs (Rudolph,
2016).
Disadvantages-
Thinking is different- Main limitation of this theory is that not every individual have
the same thinking regarding the needs and it took time to take decisions in effective manner.
Cultural difference- Cultural is crucial for everyone and is different too. So, different
ways are used in this theory which also changes the criteria’s of needs. In relevance with
Tesco, as they are opening their store in UK it is not necessary that all subordinates will be
from same culture.
Vroom expectancy theory- According to this theory, behaviour of every employee
depends upon certain situations and also it analysed that personnel motivational factors and
performance factors depends upon their certain elements such as knowledge, skills, needs etc.
and according to which they work. Vroom expectancy theory is used so that motivation
factors and behaviour of every subordinate is analysed and decision making is done
accordingly. This theory includes several elements which are explained below-

Expectancy- In this, it states that more effort will leads to higher performance.
Personnel work according to this in better way and it is affected by many things such as right
skills, efficient resources, and support by superior authority’s etc. It is necessary to examine
the what staff as well as personnel expect about the outcomes & results and how they are,
motivated (Camaj, 2019).
Instrumentality- According to this, main focus is on performance that if it is better
than outcome and result will be also achieved. It is necessary to make a clear understanding
of roles as well as responsibilities, performance as well as outcomes so that it becomes easy
for subordinates to work in appropriate manner.
Valence- This states that each and every personnel have different priority of outcomes
for which they work get motivated. For example- if an employee is motivated by promotion
than no other factor is important. Therefore, it is necessary for manager of Tesco to make
ensures that they identification of subordinates is done properly (Le Grand, 2018).
Advantages-
Main benefit of this theory is that personnel participate and willingly take risks with
motive of getting rewards.
Disadvantages-
Weakness is that in this leaders & managers participation is crucial as because they
give path to members and drives as well as encourage them.

CONCLUSION
After a analysing the above report, it is concluded that in business it needed to have
motivation so that goals and objectives are achieved within a period of time. With help of
motivational theories, it becomes easy to examine as well as identify the factors which
motivate subordinates. So, different theories have been discussed with their benefits and
drawbacks which help chosen firm to make decisions properly.

REFERENCES
Books & Journal:
Erasmus, 2016.Introduction to business management. Oxford University Press Southern
Africa.
Nielsen, 2017. Useful business cases: value creation in IS projects.European Journal of
Information Systems,26(1), pp.66-83.
Teece, 2018. Business models and dynamic capabilities.Long Range Planning,51(1), pp.40-
49.
Rudolph, C.W., 2016. Lifespan developmental perspectives on working: A literature review
of motivational theories.Work, Aging and Retirement,2(2), pp.130-158.
Camaj, 2019. Motivational theories of agenda-setting effects: An information selection and
processing model of attribute agenda-setting.International Journal of Public Opinion
Research,31(3), pp.441-462.
Le Grand, 2018. The Public service mutual: Theories of motivational advantage.Public
Administration Review,78(1), pp.82-91.
Verkijika, 2019. Understanding the Acceptance and Use of M-Learning Apps by
Entrepreneurs: An Application of the Social-Cognitive and Motivational
Theories.Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),32(4), pp.42-55.
Hopper, 2019. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Explained.Viitattu,12, p.2019.
Allen, 2019. Understanding public transport satisfaction: Using Maslow's hierarchy of
(transit) needs.Transport policy,81, pp.75-94.
Patil, 2020. Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation.
Chopra, 2019. Vroom’s expectancy theory to motivate academic library users in India using
grounded theory approach.Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication.

Yang, 2019. A Study on Participation of Korean a university graduate at Youth TLO
Applying the Expectancy Theory.Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial
cooperation Society,20(5), pp.200-212.
Lee, 2019. Moderators of the motivational effects of performance management: A
comprehensive exploration based on expectancy theory.Public Personnel
Management,48(1), pp.27-55.

TASK 4
INTRODUCTION
In business, when stability of firm is examined expansion is the next option which
comes in mind. It is not easy to expand business and requires huge capital and resources to
implement successfully. Zylla Limited company which perform its operation of ferries,
vehicles, for crossing the river. Business of chosen firm is running successfully and they are
expanding their activities. This report includes short and long term resources of finance,
evaluate of investment of new ferry and recommendations. Decision making is required in
appropriate manner.
MAIN BODY
1. Short term and long term sources of finance to fund the acquisition of the ferry and for the
company’s working capital needs
Sources of finance-
Every firm require finance to so that that functions as well as operations are carried
out appropriately. So, it is important to generate capital or finance whenever there is need or
requirement. In relevance with Zylla limited company, they are require funds for expansion
of business and for which various sources are used & which are explained below-
Short term-
Bank overdraft- It is a type of loan in which cash is being withdrawal by owner form
own account more than the actual present of cash and for this bank charge some amount of
fees. Therefore, Zylla limited company can use this facility based on their borrowing limit
(Legaz, 2019).
Bank loans- These are also the short term finance which are used by any organisation
to generate capital within a business. In this, these are also of two types short and long term
so chosen entity they should opt for short term loan which can be used for purchasing ferry
and providing other amenities to people (Cumming, 2019).
Long term sources of finances-
These are those in which financial instrument are used within a firm more than 1 year
by companies. They are of various types such as equity shares, preference shares, retained
earnings, debentures etc.

Retained earnings- The amount of net income which is left after paying the
dividends and profit to shareholders is known as retained earnings. Zylla , can use this option
of they are purchasing ferries in bulk then this is the best option of generating finance. It is
the most safest sources of long term finance and which are used by many organisations
because risk involved with this is low.
Debentures- These are known as documents in which assets are being charged by
lenders of borrowers and depending upon the amount of loan taken by borrower. It is riskier
one but finance is sourced in easy way. This is used at time of emergency or when big
changes are required by firm (Cumming, 2019).
2. An evaluation of various investment appraisal techniques and recommending the viability
of the acquisition and operation of the new ferry based on one suitable investment appraisal
technique using the data above.
Appraisal techniques are essential as they help business to decide and select the
suitable approaches for investment decisions. Also, for business which are preparing for
expansion these are crucial for them so that strategy is developed accordingly. So, various
techniques are available and which are discussed below-
Capital investment- It is defined as long term approach of considering company’s
long term assets such as equipment, machinery, land etc. So, capital investment evaluation
assists business to make decision in future perspectives for longer period of time. These are
helpful for ever organisation so that it growth and development in done appropriately.
Net present value- The finance manager at Zylla limited company can apply this
technique as it helps in identifying the inflow and outflow of cash of firm. Through this,
selected firm can use this technique as ensuring that positive net present flows is driven in
management during the ferry project.
Internal rate of return- It is tool used in project management of firm to analyse
weather the investment and cost incurred in project is in profitable ratio or not and according
to that decision about the project is made. IRR is crucial it helps enterprise top decide the to
accept the project or reject it (Chang, 2019).
Recommendations
 After analysing the above matter, it is recommended that Zylla limited company
should be more aware about their financial position so that it becomes easy to adopt
the suitable source of finance.
 Further, it is also recommended that their manager need to have proper knowledge of
market condition and trends so that decision is made properly and problem does not
occur in near future.

 Another recommendation is that they have to be more responsible towards their
activities and market research is to be conducted in appropriate manner.
 Then, skills as well as knowledgeable employees are to be involved when new project
is initiated because they provide the most suitable methods to execute it (Avramov,
2019).
After analysing the above paragraph, it is stated that appraisal techniques are important
part when project is to be expanded or newly initiated. So, brain storming and group
discussions are to be used so that new ideas and thoughts are generated. Also, it is essential to
generate funds for business so that operation runs smoothly without any hurdles (Pascual,
2019).

CONCLUSION
After analysing the above report, it is examined that finance is required for every
business so that mission as well as vision is achieved in proper manner. So, various source of
finance are explained which are long term and short term. Then, further appraisal techniques
have been explained such as IRR and net present value and which are applied in project
expansion. Also, recommendations related to ferry project have been given which help firm
to make decisions effectively in business.

REFERENCES
Books & Journal:
Legaz, 2019. Ship Design Challenges for ESPOMAR Project: A Review of Available
Methods.Advances in Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, p.123.
Cumming, 2019. Collaboration in Entrepreneurial Finance.The Oxford Handbook of
Entrepreneurship and Collaboration, p.373.
Cumming, 2019. New directions in entrepreneurial finance.Journal of Banking &
Finance,100, pp.252-260.
Chang, 2019. External Financing of Last Resort? Bank Lines of Credit as a Source of Long-
term Finance.Bank Lines of Credit as a Source of Long-Term Finance (June 25,
2019).
Avramov, 2019. Bonds, stocks, and sources of mispricing.George Mason University School
of Business Research Paper, (18-5).
Pascual, 2019. Enhanced Newton-Raphson Algorithm in Estimating Internal Rate of Return
(IRR).Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol,8(3S), pp.389-392.
Robison, 2020. Present Value Models.Financial Management for Small Businesses.
Weetman, 2019.Financial and management accounting. Pearson UK.
Attard, 2019.The use and misuse of overdrafts by SMEs: a Maltese perspective(Master's
thesis, University of Malta).
Haubrich, 2019. Trends in the Noninterest Income of Banks.Economic Commentary, (2019-
14).
Idris, 2019. The Impact of Bank Loan on the Profitability of Small and Medium Enterprises
in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Dutto Giolongo, 2019. Liquidity Provision on Demand in the Argentine Banking
System.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,55(3), pp.634-654.
Ndanyenbah, 2019. Application of Investment Appraisal Techniques by Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs) Operators in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.
Goodfellow-Smith, 2019. Infrastructure value maximisation: finance and insurance
appraisal.Infrastructure Asset Management, pp.1-8.
Siziba, 2019. The evolution of the application of capital budgeting techniques in
enterprises.Global Finance Journal, p.100504.

REFERENCES
Books & Journal: