Role of IT in Business Success

This document discusses the role of information technology in the success of a business. It covers topics such as innovative tools, technology for decision-making, ethical and social issues, networking technologies, and the importance of social media in business. The document also explains the stages of the software development life cycle. The content is relevant for students studying information technology or business management.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................3
The role of IT in the success of a business..................................................................................3
Ethical and social issues associated with businesses...................................................................4
Types of networking technologies...............................................................................................4
Importance of social media in business.......................................................................................5
Stages of software development life cycle...................................................................................6
Analysis and Discussion..................................................................................................................8
The role of IT in the success of a business..................................................................................8
Ethical and social issues associated with businesses,..................................................................9
Types of networking technologies.............................................................................................10
Importance of social media in business.........................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
The report includes the role of IT in the success of the business, which is made clear by
the discussing the innovative tools, technology for improving the decision-making, improving
the customer support and improvement in the resource management. The ethical and the social
issues of the business like personal privacy, access right and harmful action. Different types of
networking technologies are explained and differentiated. The importance of social media in
travelling business such as promotion and advertising of the travelling agency like Trafalgar. The
explanation of different stages of the software development life cycle which have been explained
in through phases.
MAIN BODY
Literature Review
The role of IT in the success of a business
According to Asore (2019) innovation of the technology is associated with the
innovation. Innovation in the businesses can bring success. All the fields of businesses have
benefited from the information technology. The work which was done by people is now done by
computers with a fast rate and efficiency. Work like financial planning, research on technical
issues are done on computers. This is cost effective and time saving.
Innovative Tools
Іhnatenko and et.al (2020) states that information technology have given the businesses
the tool to solve the complex problems in seconds. Improved hardware which have more
memory to collect the data, faster processor to complete the tasks faster than ever and save time
and sharp displays to display the brands and their work effectively on the big screens at the malls
and airports can be seen has helped the businesses.
Technology For Better Decision Making
Bjerkan and Seter (2019) says a good decision has the power to convert the business into
a profitable direction. To take a good decision in favour of the company, the organisation choose
internet for the better understanding of the market. The information collected on the internet can
be used to understand the market needs and then after knowing the pros and cons the
implementation of any decision is going to be in the favour of the company. This can be done by
reviewing the public sentiments on the internet and online surveys to get feedbacks from the
customers.

Ethical and social issues associated with businesses
The information technology identify clearly the component used to keep, find and change the
information in a minimum limit with server which is having an operating system.
Harmful Actions
The harmful actions in the information technology is the negative deeds done to steal
some valuable information through internet access. Organisations can lose its valuables like loss
of trade secrets and ownership, such losses can impact the company's performance. The outsider
is restricted to use the information technology in any way which leads to the misuse of any
information of users like the employees of organisations. Harmful actions refers to the
intentional damage by making changes in the file which can lead to huge loss of resources. Extra
time and efforts are required to remove the harmful viruses caused due to harmful actions from
the hardware. The trade secrets are protected by the law of for trade secrets.
Personal Privacy
Park, Choi. and Ko (2020) states that the information technology provide the user with its
own hardware, software as well as operating systems which are connected to the server all over
the world and to the user itself. Huge amount of data transfers take place due to the large
distribution of the networks. These kinds of data transfer can cause leaks sometimes which can
disclose the important data to the wrong group of people and cause destruction in the
development of the company. The disclosing of the information causes violating the privacy of
the users. To protect such leakage of the critical information to wrong hands is a big challenge to
the information technology sectors.
Types of networking technologies
According to Pagani and Pardo (2017) a computer network technology is used to exchange the
data and information in the company such as messages and files through the email. The network
technology makes the data exchange extremely flexible, makes the communication and
accessibility better, cost efficient and increases the storage capacity.
The basis for the classification of network technology is transmission and the scale.
Based On Transmission
Point To Point

In this network, the sender and the receiver are connected directly by a guided or an
unguided medium for the exchange of the data and information. The guided medium is used for
the wired network and the unguided medium is used in wireless network.
Multi Point
In this kind of network, the nodes are connected in the linear manner with the help of
common medium. The network works on two types of connection like time- sharing and
individually sharing. The first type of connection allows the node to access its separate time to
communicate. The second type of connection allows the nodes to communicate simultaneously
at a time.
Importance of social media in business
Kasemsap (2018)says that the use and benefits of social media are wide, it is used in
online communication with the costumers where the information can be shared in real time.
Social media can be used to create attractive strategies for the customers to get attracted towards
plan and get promoted. The social media can be used to provide the services at the click of tip.
There are also many pros and cons attached to the social media. Social media is important
because:
 The social media bring the customer to the organisation for an easy interaction, the
company get the feedback from the customer online and the needs of the customer can be
fulfilled online itself. This helps in building the customer loyalty.
 The social media is used now used all over the world, which makes the organisation to
reach the international costumers for their travelling an easy task, the promotion can be
done at an international level. This helps the growth of the organisation.
 The organisations does the marketing research on the social media, which is easy and less
time-consuming. The cost of the online research is low and which helps the company to
get more result by investing less.
 The organisations use social media to build the networks with the customers and
advertise the plans which in turn increase the total income of the company.
 The use of social media by the organisations increases the customer loyalty which also
improves the brand name of the organisations in the market.

 The organisations uses the social media to get ideas from the people and the kind of
responses they give to improve with the needs of the costumers. The social media have its
own trends which can be used to increase the business.
 The organisations use social media for recruiting the talented work force and also attract
them.
 The organisations uses the social media to see the moves the competitors are making in
the market. This helps the organisations to understand the treats earlier and work on it.
Stages of software development life cycle
Assal and Chiasson (2018) states that to create a software application in a business, a set
of steps are followed which is called as software development life cycle or SDLC. SDLC is
divided into six to eight steps. According to the projects scope in the business the steps are either
split into more steps or combined to one, along with that some steps can also be deleted from the
SDLC by the project managers). Seven phases of SDLC are discussed here: Planning
In this phase the initial planning regarding the project are decided. The planing involves
the calculation of the labour required, the cost of the material used, to meet the target on time
certain timetables are made. To handle the project, teams are made and team leader are
designated. Feedbacks are taken from the stakeholders, customers, sales reps and developers.
Planning can be considered as a guideline for the teams to create the software effectively. The
guidelines are set for the project so it does not shift from its original objective or expand.
 Defining Requirements
According to Modi, Singhand Chauhan (2017), this phase in the SDLC refers to the
objectives of the application. The things that are expected to be done by the applications and the
requirements, come under the Defining Requirements. Defining requirements is a part of
planning. Defining resources that are required for the creation of the application is included in
the Defining Requirement Design and prototyping
The way the application work comes under design phase. Some features of the design are
consist of :
Architecture- This feature includes the language of the programming, practices of industries and
overall designing.

User Interface- This feature includes the ways in which the customer interact with the
application and the ways in which the application is responding to the input.
Platform- This feature will determine on which platform the application will run, these
platforms include Android, Apple and Linux.
Programming- This feature not only includes the language of programming but also the
problem solving methods and task performance in the application.
Communications- This feature includes the ways of communication by which the application
can communicate with the other assets like central server.
Security- This feature includes the security features in the application like the security password,
secure storage for the credential privacy of the user.
Prototyping– This feature is the initial version of the application to know the working and
application of the software being made. This type of basic version of the software are made to
show to the stakeholders to know the feedbacks and can be improved. This version is less costly
to change than the changes made in the developed phase where the developers have to rewrite
the codes. Software development
Assal and Chiasson (2018) says that source code management application is used in
writing of the application. The process of coding include many other tasks like finding the errors
and fixing them, which can be difficult at times. Documentation can be formal or informal
process. It is a quick guide of the features of the application. There can be videos for the hard
tasks and some written explanation like the troubling shooti8ng guides and the user manual
 Testing
The application is tested for any malfunction of program. The test is done to find out if all
the features of the application are working properly. Example: performance test is done to check
if the application is lagging in the working .
 Deployment
This is the launching of the application in the market. It can also be through
downloading of the application online in the smart phones.
 Operations and Maintenance
According to Heaton, Parlikad and Schooling (2019), in this phase the application is in
the market and the users are already using it but there are some errors or bugs in the application

which were not detected at the time of testing. These bugs need to be removed for the further
development of the application.
Analysis and Discussion
The role of IT in the success of a business
Trafalgar is one such travel business which is using information technology for the
development. Trafalgar comes under the forty travel brands of The Travel Corporation which
includes the operating of the tours, hotels and transportation companies. The new rule of travel
business is coordinating the innovation with the information technology. The information
technology is the backbone of travel businesses.
Improvement in marketing technology
Trafalgar uses online marketing technology to attract the targeted audience by putting ads
on the internet. These advertising methods are more effective than the traditional ways of
advertising and attracting the audience. It's difficult to know how many people read the
newspaper ads but It's easier to know how many people clicked on the ads online(Salkovska,
Batraga and Zilina, 2017).
Improved Customer Support
Its easier from the customers side who are seeking for support to go and check the
multiple channels, emails, social media platforms , attend few webinars to understand their
needs. Trafalgar uses online platform to interact with their customers and know the need of the
customer, by this they can make changes according to the customers. The customer relationship
with the management system help the Trafalgar to understand the behaviour of the customer.
Improvement In The Resource Management
The information technology has made thing easier for the employees of the Trafalgar too.
The Trafalgar tour employees can work form anywhere and that too in any device. The cloud
computing is providing the employees with the advantage of working from anywhere and having
access to their enterprise level software. This is building up the work efficiency of the
employee's with a higher rate. The increased rate has increased the success rate of Trafalgar.
The innovation is the way to increase the profit of Trafalgar at a fast rate(Sahar, Safie and Bakar,
2019).

Ethical and social issues associated with businesses,
The innovation and advancement in the informational technology comes with certain
security and privacy issues too. It is necessary for Trafalgar tours to find the ethical issues related
to the information technology :
Copyright
There are many copyright laws to protect the program from getting stolen. The copyright
laws are very important laws which give the legal rights to the owner of the company to protect
the software application from the security breach, before as well as after it happened. In security
breaches the hackers steal the personal information, important data and damage the system. In
many countries the laws are revised to provide the companies with better protection against such
theft from happening.
Patents
The patent is used to protect the original idea of any program, this type of issues are quite
hard to handle. Getting the patent is more difficult than getting a copyright. The patent holder of
the company like Trafalgar has to disclose the idea inside the patent to the software developer to
get the required features in the application. There is a chance of a patent leak which can cause
the company a great loss.
Trade secrets
Trade secrets of the Trafalgar is some valuable information which needs to be protected
from theft. The laws protect the initial ideas of the company which is only disclose to the owner.
In case the trade secrets of the company is disclosed the secrets are only saved by the trade
protection laws.
Access Right
The issue which is faced by the information technology is access right. The great
development in the technological field come with the issue of access to right. The increased use
of the e-commerce and options of electronic payment online face the issue in keeping the
information of the customers secure. Trafalgar cannot make the unauthorized users to stop using
the sites they provide online. To solve this kind of issues the Trafalgar uses an intrusion
detecting system which allows to identify the unauthorized user from the appropriate user(Du
and et.al., 2019).

Types of networking technologies
Based On Scale
LAN (local area network)
It is also known as IEEE 802 network. The devices which ranges from 100 m to 10 km
use this network. The devices include computers, mobiles as well as laptops. The LANs main
elements are devices which can be connected to the computer like the scanner and the printer,
HUB is responsible for the signals and send packets of data from the sender to the receiver
(Voronin and Davydov,2017).
MAN (metropolitan area network)
It is the collection of all the LAN at one place through Bridge, which is a networking
device, and it makes MAN.
WAN (wide area network)
This network is a collection of all the MAN at one place though Route, which is a
networking device, and makes a WAN. Two types of WAN are there :Public WAN and Public
WAN (Yang and et.al, 2019).
The main elements of WAN include:
Bridge- Device connect related or LANs.
Router- Device connect related or different networks.
Gateway- Devices use types of architectures to connect networks.
PAN (personal area network)
This network provides, communication between the devices present close to the person.
The range limit to few meters. The network can be wired as well as wireless. Examples:wireless
keyboards, barcode scanners, game controllers and many more such devices. These type of
networks are used for personal uses.
VPN (virtual private network)
It was earlier used as a public network for transmitting and communication between the
sender and receiver. This network is used to provide a protection over a less protected
network(example: public network). An encrypted link is created over the less secure network to
protect it. The data obtained at the ends of sender and receiver use tunnelling protocols for
encryption and the decryption.

Importance of social media in business
The use and benefits of social media are wide, it is used in online communication with
the costumers where the information can be shared in real time. Social media can be used to
create attractive strategies for the customers to get attracted towards plan of tour and get
promoted. The social media can be used to provide the services at the click of tip. There are also
many pros and cons attached to the social media (Kasemsap, 2018). Social media is important
because:
 The social media bring the customer to Trafalgar for an easy interaction, the company get
the feedback from the customer online and the needs of the customer can be fulfilled
online itself. This helps in building the customer loyalty.
 The social media is used now used all over the world, which makes Trafalgar to reach the
international costumers for their travelling an easy task, the promotion can be done at an
international level. This helps the growth of the Trafalgar.
 Trafalgar does the marketing research on the social media, which is easy and less time-
consuming. The cost of the online research is low and which helps the company to get
more result by investing less.
 Trafalgar use social media to build the networks with the customers and advertise the
travelling plans which in turn increase the total income of the company.
 The use of social media by Trafalgar increases the customer loyalty which also improves
the brand name of Trafalgar in the market.
 Trafalgar uses the social media to get ideas from the people and the kind of responses
they give to improve with the needs of the costumers. The social media have its own
trends which can be used to increase the business.
 Trafalgar use social media for recruiting the talented work force and also attract them.
 Trafalgar uses the social media to see the moves the competitors are making in the
market. This helps the Trafalgar to understand the treats earlier and work on it.
Some social media platforms can be very time saving and saving the efforts of the Trafalgar by
using the same social media platforms where the customer is already existing. Some platforms
that are useful for Trafalgar are:
 Social Networking Sites

Trafalgar uses social networking sites where the company's profile is created. Trafalgar
uses the site to share the information to the customers. The site can be used for the promotion
and advertising purposes. The profile of the company attract followers and also gain followers.
This will improve the brand name. Examples of social networking sites are Instagram, Facebook
as well as Pinterest(Ellahi, 2017).
 Job Networking Sites
Trafalgar uses a job networking site to create a professional travelling business profile.
This professional travelling business profile help the company to interact with the people having
the skills to expand their business.
 Video Sharing Sites
Trafalgar uses the video sharing sites to promote the travelling business, share
information and their services in a more interesting and engaging way. These videos provide the
option of commenting and sharing the videos to other people which help the company. Examples
of such video sites are: YouTube and Vimeo.
The use of social media and its benefits in the travel business for the Trafalgar makes it highly
useful and important for the growth and development (Lorincová, Ližbetinová and Brodský,
2018).
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the report that IT have a significant role in the Trafalgar tours
company for success. IT has provided with the tools for performing the tasks at a fast rate and
also increased the customer support. There are ethical and social issues related to the IT in
running the travel business. Personal privacy is a big deal for the businesses. Different types of
networks are used for different purposes in the business field. The importance of social media in
business can be explained by the use of different networking sites for attracting the customers.
The development of the software application is explained by seven phases where the
programming and the issues with the programming, testing of the application and deployment of
the application are explained.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Asore, P.E., 2019. MARKETING SUCCESS IN A BUSINESS ORGANIZATION: THE ROLE
OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES. Journal of Arts,
Management, Science & Technology (JAMST). 6(3). pp.7-21.
Іhnatenko and et.al, 2020. Innovative tools in the methodology and teaching of the basic
principles of enterprise management.
Bjerkan and Seter, 2019. Reviewing tools and technologies for sustainable ports: Does research
enable decision making in ports?. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and
Environment. 72. pp.243-260.
Salkovska, Batraga and Zilina, 2017, May. Digital Marketing as Innovative Marketing
Technology. In New Challenges of Economic and Business Development–2017: Digital
Economy: International Scientific Conference (pp. 543-552).
Sahar, Safie and Bakar, 2019. The Challenges in Managing Information Technology Shared
Services Operations. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. 8.
pp.322-328.
Park, Choi. and Ko, 2020. Information technology–based tracing strategy in response to COVID-
19 in South Korea—privacy controversies. Jama. 323(21). pp.2129-2130.
Du and et.al., 2019, February. The research on construction mode of business information system
based on blockchain technology. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1168.
No. 3. p. 032051). IOP Publishing.
Pagani and Pardo, 2017. The impact of digital technology on relationships in a business network.
Industrial Marketing Management. 67. pp.185-192.
Voronin and Davydov,2017, September. Local area network failures types, consequences and
criticality analysis. In 2017 Second Russia and Pacific Conference on Computer
Technology and Applications (RPC) (pp. 184-187). IEEE.
Yang and et.al, 2019, July. Software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN): Architecture,
advances and opportunities. In 2019 28th International Conference on Computer
Communication and Networks (ICCCN) (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
Kasemsap, 2018. Mastering social media in the modern business world. In Social media
marketing: Breakthroughs in research and practice (pp. 111-137). IGI Global.
Ellahi, 2017, December. Fear of using technology: Investigating impact of using social
networking sites in business education. In 2017 IEEE 15th student Conference on
research and development (SCOReD) (pp. 234-237). IEEE.
Lorincová, Ližbetinová and Brodský, 2018. Social networks as a tool for job search. Scientific
papers of the University of Pardubice. Series D, Faculty of Economics and
Administration. 42/2018.
Assal and Chiasson, 2018. Security in the software development lifecycle. In Fourteenth
Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security ({SOUPS} 2018) (pp. 281-296).
Modi, Singhand Chauhan, 2017. Comprehensive Analysis of Software Development Life Cycle
Models. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. 4(6). pp.117-122.
1

Assal and Chiasson, 2018. Security in the software development lifecycle. In Fourteenth
Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security ({SOUPS} 2018) (pp. 281-296).
Heaton, Parlikad and Schooling, 2019. Design and development of BIM models to support
operations and maintenance. Computers in industry. 111. pp.172-186.
2