Leadership Theories, Models and Approaches

This article discusses various leadership theories, including contingency theory, situational theory, behavioral theory, participative theory, transformational theory, and transactional theory. It also explores different leadership models, such as team-oriented leadership, autocratic leadership, bureaucratic leadership, and impoverished leadership. Additionally, the article examines leadership approaches, including leadership as a position, leadership as a person, leadership as a result, and leadership as a process. The importance of leadership in organizations and its impact on achieving common goals and objectives is emphasized.

LEADERSHIP THEORIES, MODELS AND APPROACHES
INTRODUCTION
Leadership refers to process of influencing socially, which maximizing efforts towards others and ability to guide individual, team or entire organization. Leader in organization also
supports to other in the completion of common tasks (Dugan,2017). Leaders set direction, vision and create something innovative ideas for organization and also must use
management skills in guiding people in right direction and efficient way.
Leadership theory
Contingency theory: -These theories generally focuses on
particular style in environment that could be determined in
specific style of leadership suited in every situation. Good
leader is able to do needs of their followers, help in
situation and adjust their behavior according to
organization.
Situational theory: - Leader in situational theory Is most
knowledgeable and have experience members group. In
other words, where members are skilled and experts it
leads to democratic style. This theory attempts in
organization to provide its own analyzation that how
leadership make themselves successful in every or various
situational.
Behavioral theory: - This leadership theory focuses on
action of leader, not on qualities or internal issues
(Garfield, Hubbard and Hagen,2019). People learn to
become leader through observing and teaching.
Participative theory: - In these leaders encourages
member to be participant in every decision-making and
feel them more applicable.
Transformational theory: - This theory is also known as
relationship theories, which focusses on relation between
leader and followers. It typically motivated them to show
the ability of tasks and higher involves in higher
performance.
Transactional theory: - It refers to management theories
or exchange theory of leadership, organization, team work
or role of supervision.
Leadership models
Team oriented leadership: - People oriented or team oriented which emphasizes effective team in implementation and
building common goals or objective among team members.
Autocratic leadership: - It is characterized by individual that make control over all decision and have little input among
group members (Heyler and Martin,2018). This theory rarely accepts their follower’s advice, and they work with their
own choice and ideas.
Bureaucratic leadership: - It refers to highly set of process, structure and procedures in organization (Shields and
Hesbol,2020). This leadership is based on official duties, rules for management is applied at system and decision-
making.
Impoverished leadership: - This leadership is disappeared and delegated management style, this show low concern
about both production and people and also avoid getting problems in organization.

Leadership approaches
Leadership as position: - Position leadership identify where people operate themselves as leader. This usually takes formal
authority in formal hierarchy. It defines that character of leader is less important than position of leader.
Leadership as person: - This defines about the important characteristic of person in organization(Silva,2016). Leader should
be knowledge able and skill rather than there is emotional relationship between their followers and leaders.
Leadership as result: - Results based on leadership focuses on their members. As leader have to set group target that can be
the best result in achieving goals and target.
Leadership as process: - The process is basically based on leadership consideration that relationship between leaders and
practices. Leadership is process that also influences the activities of an individual or groups in making efforts for achievement
of common goals.
CONCLUSION
Leadership can be sometime an art as it requires skills and techniques in making
development. Having certain qualities, it can make good leader, their natural ability needs
development and encouragement. Theory of leadership examined about their motivation
towards their employee in participating at decision-making. Models in organization helps in
completion of common goals or objective and also highly set in structure or process.
Leadership approaches shows relationship of leader with different approaches including
process, results of work, person and position in organization
REFERENCES
Dugan, J.P., 2017. Leadership theory: Cultivating critical perspectives. John Wiley &
Sons.
Garfield, Z.H., Hubbard, R.L. and Hagen, E.H., 2019. Evolutionary models of
leadership. Human Nature.30(1). pp.23-58.
Heyler, S.G. and Martin, J.A., 2018. Servant Leadership Theory: Opportunities for
Additional Theoretical Integration 1. Journal of Managerial Issues.30(2).
pp.230-153.
Shields, C.M. and Hesbol, K.A., 2020. Transformative leadership approaches to
inclusion, equity, and social justice. Journal of School Leadership.30(1).
pp.3-22.
Silva, A., 2016. What is leadership?. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly.8(1). p.1.