IoT in Smart City: Challenges and Opportunities

This paper analyzes the importance of IoT Smart City, its purpose, and the problems faced due to IoT Smart City to the environment. It discusses the concept of IoT in the smart city, its capability to provide citizens with better services, and the challenges faced in building IoT Smart City technologies across the world. The paper also includes a literature review section that encompasses all the associated concepts and theories learnt and studied from analyzing the research papers. The study concludes with a satisfactory data analysis and discussion of the research findings.

IOT in Smart City
Abstract
In today's world, most of the population lives in cities, due to which IoT Smart city is
especially generated in the city. It is spread all over the world as it promises people to
provide with various useful technology as well as systems that will give them better services
and improve their standard of living. It will put a great impact in the future as it will
provide with a better platform for the IT professionals. This paper will discuss the purpose
of the report of what is expected from this research. Internet of Things or IoT plays an
important role in developing smart cities. IoT has the capability to provide the citizens,
society and businesses with a world of opportunities for accessing volumes of data,
implement big data analytics and thereby, introduce new applications and interfaces to
ensure cleaner, sustainable environment, reduce energy consumption and improve overall
efficiency. The concept of smart cities involves several aspects and characteristics.
According to (), smart city is developed using information and communication technology
(ICT) for designing the interactive and efficient components of smart city. ICT is becoming
more and more popular in urban planning. City architects, transportation providers,
developers as well as public service providers are finding interest in information-enabled
society. For instance, smart meters and smart phones are regulating the consumption of
energy in order to increase control and energy efficiency in the smart networks of Malmo,
Sweden. Moreover, smart energy solutions and smart grids are able to monitor, measure,
control and influence the level of energy consumption as well as produce energy in an
independent manner It will introduce the concept of IoT Smart city as of how it will
provide the citizen with better technologies and systems which will help them to interact
with the people. The main aim of this research paper is to focus on the problems faced by
the IoT smart city in building their technologies across the world.
I. Introduction
The paper will analyze the importance of
IoT Smart city, IoT (Internet of things) and
Smart city, it mainly focuses on the concept
of IoT in the smart city, the purpose of IoT,
what is expected from IoT Smart City as
well as the problem faced due to IoT Smart
City to the environment.
The purpose of this report is to cover the
entire area of the study and the research
design should be convenient to understand.
The significant purpose of the research
paper is to provide with the outline, brief as
well as the basic idea about the topic to the
instructor. It also aims to describe the
problems or challenges faced.
The topic chosen for this report is IoT Smart
City, it is an application that enables smart
city throughout the world. It provides to
integrate the sensors as well as monitoring
various devices via a network, especially an
internet, in order to provide better services
as well as getting better opportunities to
interact with the citizens(Latre et al., 2016).
The smart city is known to be the wired, the
networked or a ubiquitous city which is
grabbing attention across the world that
promises of developing the technology for
the economic growth of the city as well as
its management. But there are various
problems as well as challenges to be faced
by the smart city, such as it requires smart
citizen who ill energetically participate in
governance as well as reforms (Monzon,
2015). The very first problem related to the
smart city is power, without the wireless
power smart city will be seen to be a sci-fi

IOT in Smart City
kind of fantasy for the citizens. Another
question arises when discussing the problem
of the smart city is: What is deserved in a
human habitat? This means that we could
easily form a dystopia as same as utopia.
Problem-based on Re-designing our
environment that assures people that if the
city is natural, the smart city will be
supernatural is also a big challenge for
developing smart city(Wiig, 2015). Without
overcoming these challenges of IoT Smart
City it will always remain a dream for the
people as well as for the founders of IoT
Smart City. learning, data mining, predictive
analysis and big data analytics. Forth layer is the
integration layer that integrates sensor data, GIS
(geographic information system), economics and
population. The fifth layer deals with
interconnections between the different smart
objects through various technologies such as
NFC (Near Field Communication), ZigBee,
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or DECT/ULE. After that, the
next phase involves acquisition of cameras, GPS
(global positioning system), sensors, meters and
smart phones. The last layer concerns with the
IoT enabled market based on smart health, smart
grid, connected and automated home and so on.
II. Introduction to the Problem
The report focuses on development of smart
cities based on Internet of Things (IoT). For this
purpose, the report will follow a structured
approach involving sequential stages of
research. The research will begin with an
introduction section. The introduction section
will define the problem and challenges
associated with the project topic. Thereafter, it
will look into the areas where the present
research i.e. IoT for smart cities can be useful
for overcoming the stated problems and
challenges. Apart from that, the introduction
section will encompass the fundamental
objective and purpose of the study and will
present a brief overview of how the study will
be conducted. The second section of the report
will include a detailed analysis and evaluation of
a number of existing journals and articles based
on the chosen topic of research i.e. IoT enabled
smart city. In order to achieve this purpose,
online sources will be used to identify and select
a number of journals and research papers
published by various authors. A separate
annotated bibliography section will summarize
and critically evaluate the individual articles one
by one with appropriate citations. Thirdly, a
detailed literature review section will encompass
all the associated concepts and theories learnt
and studied from analysing the research papers
in the annotated bibliography section. More
precisely, the literature review section will
throughout review the research topic and thereby
provide proper justifications and arguments
based on the discussions on the result outcomes.
Finally, the research findings will be presented
with an in-depth understanding of the issue. The
study will be concluded with a satisfactory data
analysis and discussion of the research findings.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising
technological advancement that can address
various societal and environmental challenges
around the world. IoT is able to connect smart
devices, use big data analytics and create smart
cities to retain environmental sustainability.
Scientists and analyst are expecting that around
80% of the total population (around 7 billion
people) of earth will live in urban developed
cities across the world by the year 2050. As a
result, the high population density will naturally
demand more increased infrastructure and
services in the urban cities (Zanella et al. 2014).
In this context, it will be a significant challenge
in the future to supply the growing density of
population with the basic survival resources
such as safe food, clean water, sufficient energy
and pollution free environment. Growing
population and increasing number of city
infrastructure, architecture and services will
essentially lead to a degraded social and
economic as well as environmental
sustainability. Cities in the future will face
potential problems related to economic growth,
job creation, social resilience and ecological
balance. Air and water pollution will be evident

IOT in Smart City
from the emissions from a huge number of
motor vehicles. Apart from that, greenhouse gas
emission, increased traffic congestion,
malnutrition, starvation, increased consumption
of natural resources, global warming, and
climate change are only few of the problems that
can be listed as the consequences ultimately
damaging the quality of life. Smart cities are a
potential solution to this problem to enable the
urban inhabitants to survive and sustain this
rapid growth. Smart cities can be an effective
measure to improve the quality of life of the
citizens and provide social, environmental,
ecological as well as economic safety to them
(Theodoridis, Mylonas&Chatzigiannakis,2013).
It is high time for the city service providers to
anticipate and understand the grave
consequences of this rapid urbanization and take
appropriate actions to increase the efficiency of
city management infrastructures. In other words,
smart cities essentially make the city inhabitants
more aware of their surrounding infrastructure
along with the infrastructural components.
Internet of Things provides a range of
technologies that can be used to develop smart
home, smart health, smart cars, smart space,
smart industries, smart grid, and smart roads and
smart everything. Internet of Things enabled
smart cities include seven layers, each of which
provides security and management facilities to a
smart city. The first layer describes the smart
city services such as smart health, energy,
transportation, education and entertainment. The
second layer concerns with applications and
software such as software-defined networks
(SDN), cloud, collaboration, service-oriented
architecture (SOA) and application interfaces
(Fortino& Trunfio, 2014).The third layer deals
with machine(Gaur et al. 2015).
III. Literature review
According to Huet al. (2018), the following
content discusses the issue of data
management for power free generations
concerning IoT implications over smart
cities. The issues sustained through presence
of hardware needs along with various
networking implications for managing
hybrid energy over the concept of smart city.
For such, the implication for low drop rates
can be procured if implemented the
harvester technology for hybrid energy
being a present sustainable conclusion.
According to Khajenasiriet al. (2017), the
following content is with the concern of
dealing with the implementation of the
intelligent solutions for the smarter cities
with procuring its applications. The primary
aim for the research sustains connections
over the heterogeneous devices over internet
basis consulting use of architecture with
flexible layers along with combination of
facilities over the application tasks.
According to Paganelli, Turchi & Giuli
(2016), the content deals with Web-of-things
aims to promote easy accessibility along
with handling smarter things through Web
standards adoptions within the Smart cities.
The Web technology concerning REST that
is state transfer representation is with
limitation over the poor infrastructure
support toward web developers. For such,
the remedy exists in form of applications
concerning information model for Web
resources along with Web digital
representation
Annotated Bibliography
Article 1: IoT-based Smart Cities: a Survey
The problem statement regarding the topic is
taken in form of description regarding the
IoT technologies consulting to that of smart
cities along with featuring the primary
components consulting to that of smart city.
The primary technological developments for
the IoT in future are considered to be
procurement of Radio-frequency
identification along with use of the wireless
sensor networking’s with middleware and
that of addressing aspects. For such, the

IOT in Smart City
challenge sustained to be heterogeneity
along with security and privacy issues
(Arastehet al. 2016).
Article 2: IOT with M2M communication
being smart city initiatives enablers
The problem of the context deals with
implication of Internet of Things over the
Smart City for their development along with
establishing aspect through M2M
communication establishment. For such the
challenges exist in form of multimodality
and that of heterogeneity over the physical
things with lack of unified management
(Datta& Bonnet, 2015). For such, the
machine to machine framework subtend to
procure the pertaining data analytics along
with processing enacting efficiency for the
smart cities.
Article 3: use of computer vision regarding
IoT consulting improvisation in smarter
cities
The problem statement of the content is
regarding the implication of the computer
vision technology through procuring the
Internet of Things for improvising the smart
cities. The primary concern of computer
vision sustains in form of smart vision
through IP cameras along with the pictures
through managing sensors. Further the
hypothesis concerning accuracy for
automation through use of smart visions
subtends for modifying the possibilities
existing for the use of smart vision through
real environment analysis (Garcíaet al.
2017).
Article 4: Application of IoT over smart city
architecture
The primary applications of the IoT
consulting the Smart city architecture are
taken to be made through networks of
wireless sensors concerning greater amount
of data analysis over information system
aspects. The recent implications are taken to
be generative for monitoring over
environmental aspects along with
transportation and healthcare application for
the smart cities. For the management of
such, the theoretical implications are taken
through theory of Dempster-Shafer
uncertainty with semantic web technologies
(Gauret al. 2015).
Article 5: Use of sensor data with
applications of End-User: IoT
The following content has been with the
survey along with sharing of visions along
with semantic technologies having
applications over IoT over smart cities. For
such, the effectiveness sustains in form of
building unified and federal engine for the
managing the IoT with Smart city (Gyrard&
Serrano, 2015). Apart from such, the context
entails the use of FIESTA-IoT with VITAL
projects through addressing challenges in
designing data workflows and integration of
web technologies.
Article 6: IoT and smart cities
The concept of Smart city is taken in form
of a platform through provision of IT
platform offering a city view regarding the
IT or creating more effective organisational
system and improving the life quality. The
IoT comprising architectural networks along
with human interfaces with procuring data
analytics are taken to be important for
managing value creations (Harmonet al.
2015).
Article 7: Big data role within the Smart city
The concept of Big data has significant role
for enhancing the smart city. Through the
provision of Big data, the smart city gets
offered through obtaining the valuable
insights compelling through a greater data

IOT in Smart City
amount collection pertaining several
sources. Concerning various sources, the
compelling IoT factor concerns radio
frequency identification along with service
of higher networks. For this analysis, the
application of Big data framework is
favoured for its usages (Hashemet al. 2018).
IV. Findings and solution
During the completion of the
discussion the chief business process that is
commenced regarding the functioning of the
data administration of the organization was
announced with the proper determination of
the process. This guarantees the
circumstance that the statistics that is
collected from the data analysis states that
the announcement of this knowledge has
been rising and the expansion of the
business process can be achieved with
maximum effectiveness. This guarantees the
context that the concentration in the
application of the technique of internet of
things can be administered with the
assistance of the data management system.
This report also ensures the fact that with the
execution of the internet of things, the main
proficiency that will be observed provides
high benefit to the residents of the
metropolis that tools the stage of internet of
things. There has been a hike in the usage of
the policy of internet of things by the rate of
23%. The all over rate of cities that
implements the technique of internet of
things is 54% (Jara, Genoud& Bocchi 2015)
Advantage and disadvantage
The advantage that are present in the
implementation of the internet of things are
as follows: -
 The statistics that are collected
during the processing of the data
management will include the fact
that the data prosecution can be
processed with the help of this
platform. The data that are collected
in the process of maintaining man
management, incurs the fact that the
centralization of the data can be
occurred. In case the centralization
of the data is occurred the main
processing that is taken into
consideration is that the higher
authority can gain access to the
functioning of the research body
 The technology of the internet of
things also incurs the fact that the
processing of the data management
can be performed with the help of
the smart phones. In case the
residents of the smart city gains
access to the transportation system.
In case the data terminology gets
better, the business commencement
and the data transcription gets
performed with the help of the data
commencement (Khatoun &
Zeadally 2016). This ensures the fact
that the data procurement of the
smart technology will help in data
management and this leads to the
fact that the data management of the
processing will be concluded with
the help of the technology of internet
of things.
Disadvantage of the implementation of
the platform of the internet of things are as
follows: -
 Main disadvantage of
implementation of internet of things
include the circumstance that user of
this technology uses the terminology
of the internet of things. In order to
implement this technology, the main
procession is that the imposters can
gain access to the statistics that are
deposited in the data center of the

IOT in Smart City
city. This indicates the element that
in case the imposters’ gets the data
that they desire of, they can affect
the entire processing in a negative
way. This is the reason that the
implementation of the technology
might degrade the security
origination of the city (Buhalis &
Amaranggana 2013)
 The data base might not be well
structured and this leads to the
statistic that the dispensation of the
informations might get lost in the
framework of the organization. this
is the only motive that the treating
of the informations organization
gets processed in an inefficient
manner
Recommendations
Despite several advantages there are
many disadvantages that are present in the
course of the using of the implementation of
the technique of the internet of things. These
recommendations are as follows: -
 The database that are being must
be possessing a better security
system
 The framework that is being used
must be having a high robust
structure and the framework that
is present must be well organized
in order to complete the business
processing with highest intensity
(Tei & Gurgen 2014)
Conclusion
From the above report it can be
concluded that the implementation rate of
the technique of internet of things are
increasing in a rapid rate. This rapid rate of
increase in the implementation of the
platform of internet of things proves the fact
that the global acceptance of the product is
very high. After incurring the global
acceptance of the technology, the main
prospect of the business technology will be
ensuring the fact that the commencing of the
business termination is made with the help
of this technology. Despite this problems
that lies in the processing of the
determination of the occupational
administration is the only aim that increases
the exposure and popularity of the
technology.
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