IT Fundamentals | Assignment

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IT Fundamentals

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Table of Contents
Question 1: networking concepts, standards, and protocols......................................2
Part a....................................................................................................................... 2
Part b....................................................................................................................... 2
Part c....................................................................................................................... 4
Question 2: SDLC and ITSM........................................................................................ 4
Part a....................................................................................................................... 4
Part b....................................................................................................................... 5
Part c....................................................................................................................... 6
Part d....................................................................................................................... 7
References................................................................................................................. 8

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Question 1: networking concepts, standards, and protocols
Part a
The OSI model is defined as a reference model that delivers a process
by which standards and network protocols may be compared for assisting in
connectivity. TCP/IP covers a network model that is different from the OSI
model. It is true that the separation of session and performance layer
should be made in order to provide larger effectiveness (Hernández, et al.,
2017). It is determined that Talnet is a networking protocol that delivers a
command-line interface for performing data transmission among remote
devices. Such kind of networking protocol does not have security or
encryption process due to which it does not need both session and
presentation layers. FTP type of protocol transfer data files among local and
remote file systems which include data link and switch assembly. Therefore,
FTP also not requires presentation and session layers.
There are following strength of including OSI into TCP/IP:
 It supports consumers to standardize router and other networks
 Decrease complexity
 Accelerate the evolution
 It helps to develop connection-oriented systems (Alotaibi, Alrashidi,
Naz, & Parveen, 2017).
There are following drawbacks of the incorporating OSI in TCP/IP model:
 It is developed before the advent of the internet
 There is no presentation and session layer
 Replacing protocols is a major issue (Huang, & Cai, 2018).
Part b
As per the provided question we need to determine overhead in the
IPv4 and IPv6 networking protocols. It is assumed that the total numbers of

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bytes presented in the Ethernet MTU are 1500 bytes and TCP headers are
20 bytes that may be helpful for finding overhead (Eikebrokk, & Iden,
2017).
Ethernet MTU= 1500 bytes
TCP header= 20 bytes
IPv4 header= 20 bytes
It is determined that the value of overhead may be obtained by
performing addition among TCP and IP values that highlighted below:
Overhead= IP+ TCP= 40 bytes
For IPv4:
Payload= 1500- 40
Or, payload= 1460 bytes
Therefore, overhead in percentages= 40*10/1460
Overhead= 2.74%
For IPv6:
IPv6 caption= 40 bytes
Overhead= IP+ TCP
So, overhead= 40+ 20= 60 bytes
Payload= 1500- 60
Payload= 1440 bytes
Therefore, overhead = 60*100/1440
Overhead= 4.11%