Project Management Concepts and Applications

This assignment delves into the core concepts of project management within the context of construction projects. It examines various aspects such as planning, scheduling, risk management, procurement methods, and project delivery systems. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of these principles by analyzing case studies and applying relevant tools and techniques.

LETTER OF INVITATION TO
TENDERS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
DELIVERY OF TENDER DOCUMENTATION..........................................................................3
Statement of work........................................................................................................................3
Work breakdown structure...........................................................................................................5
Milestone Schedule......................................................................................................................8
Cost estimates..............................................................................................................................8
Quality Assurance/Safety standards.............................................................................................9
Procurement strategy: Propose a contract type..........................................................................11
PRESENTATION (BID OPENING SESSION)...........................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Project management is a procedure that carries out various phases or stages i.e. initiating,
planning, implementation & execution, monitoring and lastly closing the project. Every project
has pre-decided targets and objectives for which project manager has to design plan, estimate
cost and budget, identifies resource requirement and create risk management plans so as to get
desired deliverables (Hegazy, 2013). Darling Harbour Swing Bridge Replacement (DHSBR)
project aims at superstructure replacement, sub structural modification, replacement of operator
house and fender system with complete mechanical and electrical overhaul. In order to start the
work, project manager had invited tenders from the eligible bidders. Therefore, the report aims at
designing a complete set of tender documentations i.e. statement of work (SOW), work
breakdown structure (WBS), cost estimation, milestone schedule and others for the request for
proposal (RFP). Lastly, the plan will be presented for the bid opening sessions to the audiences
so as to win the tender.
DELIVERY OF TENDER DOCUMENTATION
Statement of work
SOW is a document used in the area of project management that specifies project
background, aims & objectives, scope of work, acceptance and rejection criteria, estimated
project cost and time along with key project highlights (Arashpour and et.al., 2017).
STATEMENT OF WORK
Introduction/Background
The project is about replacement of Pyrmont Bridge that is located at Darling Harbour,
Sydney, NSW, Australia. It is maintained and regulated by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore
Authority. It is designed in a Swing bridge style with a total length of 369 metres or 1,211 ft. It
is made up of 14 spans with ironbark timber while a central span has been made up using steel.
Over the period, it becomes necessary to implement several necessary changes in the bridge.
Therefore, the key target of the planned replacement project DHSBR is to introduce some
structural modifications in the Swing bridge at Darling Harbour so as to improve its
functionality, life span and sound traffic management. In order to minimize the negative
impact of construction work on the public and motorists, it is decided to finish superstructure

and swing span replacement within 10-day bridge closure period.
Scope statement
The work scope comprises planning, implementation, execution, monitoring and closure
phases. Each of the mentioned stage need prior approval from the project management board
for beginning the operations. The team will carry out different functions that comprise
superstructure replacement, substructure modifications, widening, swing span replacement,
complete mechanical & electrical overhaul, slab modification, replacement of operator house
and fender system as well. It is the responsibility of the team members to complete the entire
work with great quality and within the set duration.
Estimated project cost
The prospective project of Swing Bridge Replacement is expected to be completed
within a budgeted limit of 31,474,000.00 AUD.
Project schedule
Work is expected to commence on 11 September 2017 and will be completed by the
end of 5th December 2017. Thus, the DHSBR project will possibly take a scheduled time
period of 86 days.
Project highlights
 Kickoff/Pre construction activities: Vendor will prepare and present a complete set of
documents covering project schedule, WBS, milestone schedule, cost estimation,
quality assurance and others to the project chairman or board members for the purpose
of approval.
 Planning & designing phase: At this stage, necessary data will be obtained for
developing design for the bridge replacement which will be communicated to the board
to get approval. In order to make successful superstructure and replacement, a new
concrete approach span will be installed on currently existing bridge (De Corte, 2011).
Thus, structural steel, mechanical/electrical system, deck grating and control house
material will be used as swing span for the replacement.
 Implementation phase: After the approval, the bridge replacement project will be
implemented and executed practically. Proper execution of the project management
plan is necessary so as to get project deliverables.
 Monitoring and controlling phase: Each and every work will be continuously
monitored by the project board so that any requirement for changes can be found

easily. Beside this, in case of inappropriateness, necessary actions can be formulated
for controlling cost variance (CV) and schedule variances (SV) which ensure
completion of replacement work in line with the targeted time limit at budgeted cost
(Eadie and et.al., 2013).
 10 day bridge closure/Project handoff phase: This is a termination stage where project
will be formally ended by handing over all the documentations like lesson learned,
checklist and details of supplier’s payment to the board. At this stage, new approach of
span will rolled into position by rolled out the current spans.
Acceptance criteria
 Superb quality design
 Well embedded with mechanical and electrical overhaul
 Replacement of swing replacement
 Sub-structural modifications
 Operator house replacement
 Fender System replacement
Work breakdown structure
Work breakdown structure is a project deliverables, in which, complex work is
distributed and classified into sub-segments so as to make work easier and ensure its proper
execution. Alternative, WBS can be regarded as hierarchical work structure that is executed by
the project team. It helps to monitor and administrate the planned project activities so as to
obtain the project deliverables and manage it successfully.
 Superstructure replacement: Bridge structure is massive and due to this reason it is very
difficult task to replace project in proper manner within 10 days. It is proper planning that
ensures that project will be carried out in proper manner. Bridge structure can be
classified in to varied categories. Superstructure is the part of the Bridge that supports
traffic and includes deck, slab and griders (de Freitas, Kolstein and Bijlaard, 2010). It can
be said that all parts of bridge that are mounted on supporting system may be considered
as the mentioned component of bridge. In this stage of replacement it will be ensured that
appropriate raw materials are purchased from suppliers up to best quality. Human
resources will be arranged that will perform entire work related to preparing slab and
other things on bridge.

 Swing span replacement: Swing span replacement is one of major part of project
because unique feature of bridge is that its middle part can be swing and when any ship
want to cross bridge it will move so that ship can be easily move and cross bridge. In
replacement there is need to determine accurate gap that must be between stable bridges
and swing bridge main location. In respect to this task may be given for research
specifically to relevant company engineers. Government officials will meet to the
company engineers and will communicate their requirements. So, that bridge can be
prepared accordingly. Substructure modification: Substructure is the another important component of bridge as
it support entire slab of bridge on which vehicles are driven by drivers. It can be said that
load of structure is forward to foundations (Karas, 2013). In order to replace substructure
cranes will be needed that will install relevant items on land. HR will be required to do
entire work in respect to installation. Moreover, these supporting items need to be
purchased from relevant company.
Figure 1 Bridge construction
(Source: Karas, 2013)

In this way substructure will be completed in respect to the current project. It can be said
that it is the part of project that need to be performed perfectly because if substructure
will not be performed in proper manner. Complete mechanical and electrical overhaul: Darling Harbour Bridge is one of largest
bridge in the world and first one which was electrified. Bridge was developed in 19th
century and its electrification now is outdated (De Corte, 2011). While reconstruction of
project it is necessary to do electrification by using modern technology. In this stage of
project old electrification lines will be removed and new lines will be installed. Contact
will be established with relevant firm in order to ensure that by using best technology
electrification of bridge will be done. Experts can be hired which will ensure that in short
way maximum electrification is done. Operator house replacement: Operator house of Darling Harbour bridge will also be
replaced and under this new house will be developed through which individuals will be
able to operate bridge in proper manner. Operator house of old times is developed and it
needs to be renovate. New equipments and machines will be installed in the operator
house in order to ensure that operator will be able to make decisions in prudent manner.
Operator house will be located at new place so that one can better keep eye on
movements that are taking place on bridge. Contact will be established with the company
that deals in machines and equipments that need to be installed in operator house
replacement. Fender system replacement: With advancement of technology fender system now gets
changed and they ensure that system will be secured (Soetens, 2010). Fender system
basically are navigation aids to vessel traffic and help them in identifying whether they
are secure while passing bridge. Advance fender system will ensure that ship will be able
to cross bridge in proper manner safely.

Milestone Schedule
Schedule of Milestone presents the key deliverables that our project is expected to
achieve within the targeted or scheduled time.
Starting and finishing dates:
Construction work commencing date: 2017, September 11
Scheduled date of completion: 2017, December 5
Key Milestones
Phase 1: Kickoff/Pre- construction activities 8 days, 18 September, 2017
Phase 2: Planning & designing phase 12 days, 30 September, 2017
Phase 3: Implementation phase 40 days, 9 November, 2017
Phase 4: Monitoring and controlling phase 16 days, 25 November 2017
Phase 5: 10 day project closure 10 Days, 5 December 2017
Cost estimates
Before commencement of construction work, it is important for the project planner to
anticipate their budgeted cost so that appropriate fund collection plan can be designed to satisfy
the financial need. For the project of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge Replacement, managers
expected that it will take budgeted cost of 31,474,000.00 AUD. Managerial team of the work is
obliged to procure required funds from different sources and create proper resource allocation

plan. They also need to track record of resource uses and take decisions for cost curtailment.
Funds will be require to purchase material i.e. concrete, cement, steel, mechanical and electrical
equipments, pay off suppliers, wages to the labor and other construction activities. Appropriate
allocation of the gathered funds and its optimum and effective utilization minimizes possibility
of wastage.
Quality Assurance/Safety standards
Quality is the primary goal of our project which targeted at undertaking construction
work for the bridge swing replacement for the superstructure and sub structural modifications
along with replacement of operator and fender system. The project is expected to replace the
swing bridge that is embedded with new span, best technological infrastructure and unique
design so as to maximize its life expectancy and effective traffic management (Turner, 2014).
Therefore, collaborative designing efforts will be made for developing fully automated
controlling system with minimum maintenance requirement. In every construction work, safety
concerns exist due to the existence of various risk hazardous, for which, safety standards must be
followed to ensure high level of safety for the workforce (Heagney, 2016).
Quality Assurance framework: In order to assure quality construction, a robust quality
management and assurance framework will be followed. Standard quality framework in
accordance with the project specification will be designed and properly followed for testing,
inspection and other activities. Best quality of material and latest technologies will be used for
completing construction manager. Project quality experts monitors the quality of work performed
and corrective mitigation plan will also be designed to fulfill quality expectation mentioned
under documents. There are several risks that can took place in the project i.e. work delay,
change in workforce, environmental changes and others (Fisk and Reynolds, 2011). Thus, in order
to trigger it in an efficient way, a highly structured risk management and quality assurance
system will be followed. Moreover, specialists will train the team so as to ensure smooth
functioning by developing required knowledge and skills. Both the Quality control (QC) and
Quality Assurance (QC) system will be created. QC assigned responsibility to the Quality expert
who will ensure proper adherence or compliance with the quality policies and procedure to
satisfy project specification. However, QA covers inspection process, time, liable authority,
corrective plans and its proper follow up (Li and et.al., 2014).

For the planned project, Quality assurance personnel owe accountability to make it sure
that designed control framework is properly followed and implemented. Quality expert will use
following procedure for managing project quality, detailed underneath:
 Find out that the carried out work satisfied the expected or targeted standard.
 Consistently analysis the work quality of ongoing and finished construction activities.
 Ensure that material used in construction meet properly the set standards.
 Regular assessment of work progress and status reports
 Issuing project report for the acceptable or unacceptable work
 Continuous tracking of work and take timely corrective measures
 Review practices, process, procedure and determine areas for improvements
 Recommend necessary changes
 Preparation and review of quality documentation
In addition to the above, project manager will take into consideration various quality
management techniques such as six sigma, statistical process control, total quality management,
pareto chart and others (Martinelli and Milosevic, 2016). Applying all the techniques, project
manager can identify the areas where they need to introduce required essential changes so as to
promote successful execution. Out of these, total quality management is considered as the most
powerful technique which pays attention into each and every field and area such as workers
safety, training, quality of construction material, cost management, technology use and others.
With the assistance of the method, manager can easily track that field where they need to control
strict and tighten control to reduce delay of completion and minimize cost as well (Burke, 2013).
In spite of this, it also facilitates in appropriate quality management plans for the achievement of
goals (Hegazy, 2013).
Safety standards: Workforce safety is the most important or critical part of the entire
construction project. Referring the current working of Darling Harbour Swing Bridge
Replacement, workplace health and safety requirement needs to be satisfied so as to reduce the
possibility of occurrence of risk hazards. All the workers will be provided with the safety
manuals so as to instruct and guide them about the safety policies (Meredith, Mantel Jr and
Shafer, 2013). All the laborers will be provided with the safety equipments like gloves,
protective helmets, headbands, safety goggles and glasses, preventive eye care equipment, safety

footwear and shoes and others for satisfying the safety requirements. CSSMP (Contractor Site
Safety Management Plan) will be well clearly specified in the safety schedules covering all the
below mentioned aspects:
 Full details regarding work procedure
 Identification of hazardous and its management
 Workers training requirements
 Urgent management procedures
 Safety maintenance and monitoring
 Safety policies
All the workers will be properly instructed about the appropriate safety management plan
and an Emergent planning guide also will be handed over to them so that they can be aware
about possible hazardous and employ necessary actions to prevent it (Lientz and Rea, 2016). Fire
extinguishers, firefighting equipments, emergent plan, respiratory equipments, fire alarms,
sprinklers and other necessary safety equipments will be maintained at the workplace in order to
provide a hazard free environment to the employees so that they can work freely without
threatening from any risk events.
Procurement strategy: Propose a contract type
The project of swing bridge redevelopment needs best quality of material that will be
required to be purchase from the suppliers. Thus, procurement can be defined as a procedure of
material, supplies, equipments and service acquisition that are necessary for carrying out the
planned project activities. Procurement strategy aims at designing a well-clear cost effective plan
so as to purchase required quantity of material and supplies taking into account different factors
such as time of purchase, terms and conditions, budgetary requirement, risk and opportunities,
type of contract, delivery mode, transportation cost and others (Heagney, 2016). In order to
design sound procurement strategy, firstly, it seems important to mention specific objectives,
criteria of selection of suppliers, factors that are necessary to consider i.e. cost and quality,
resource requirement and timing.
In Australia, Ausraliasian Procurement & Construction Council (APCC) has designed
principles and building and construction procurement guide which provide detail;ed information
with respect to different procurement options, procedure of procurement, relevant modes of

deliveries and common tendering procedure. It assists project lanners to make decision for
improving current methods and procedure, helps in tendering & contracting, designiong
equitable risk allocation framework and explore opportunities for the collaborative procurement
process.
The project of redevelopment of Swing Bridge at Darling Harbour needs material such as
concrete, supplies, cement, crane and others for which company have to find out the best
suppliers who charges affordable or economical charges for their supplies and provide qualitative
material. In order to obtain it in the required quantity, project planner needs to invite tenders
from the suppliers who will quote their prices to the builder along with providing all the
necessary supply terms and condition (Kerzner, 2013). The bridge redevelopment project will
follow following procurement strategy, described underneath:
Figure 2 Project mnagement framework
Initially, project manager or contractor will determine their resource requirements to
identify that resource requirement and their definite quantity as well. Need identification is
important, and project manager needs to make sure an appropriate estimation of their resource

need. Thereafter, procurement method needs to be decided, there are different ways of
contracting suppliers for the acquisition of material such as request for quotation (RFQ), Request
for Proposal (RFP), two stage tendering and others. RFQ is a suitable method for the small
construction work; hence, it will not be used for the current project work. However, under the
two stages tendering, a technical and financial proposal needs to be submitted whilst, request for
proposal took place in the construction work (Mubarak, 2015).
Besides this, in the open tendering, all the requirements are clearly set out in the
tendering documents and afterwards, bidding procedure took place. Considering these, last is
considered as an appropriate method of procurement for the work of Bridge redevelopment at
Darling Harbour, in which, open tenders are invited from the suppliers who are interested in
supplying their goods and supplies (Arashpour and et.al., 2017). The selected method is open for
all the qualified bidders. Thereafter, an open bidding process will be conducted to select the
supplier which is ready to provide material at favorable terms and conditions. There are several
criteria of supplier selection such as economical cost, best quality material, less lead time, less
transportation cost and others. DHSBR project invited sealed biding which needs preparation of
invitation for bid to convey specific bid requirements, publicize the procurement, bid opening &
awarding contracts (Methods of procurement, 2015). It assists the project planner to find out the
supplier with least cost for completing all the scope of work activities defined in the bidding
documents. In this, after the completion of bridge redevelopment design, owner contract those
builder who charges most competitive bid price for carrying out construction activities (Sears and
et.al., 2015).
Under the project delivery, it will use traditional method of design-bid-building (DBB)
method will be used by the project manager that is illustrated below:

There are various types of contract such as fixed type contract, fixed price escalation
contract, fixed price incentive contract, fixed price redetermination contract and cost sharing
contract, each has its own benefits and drawbacks. Referring to the current project work, fixed
price contract will be designed in which specified amount for performing all the construction
work mentioned in the scope of work is clearly specified (Project Delivery Methods and
Contract Type, 2013). Thus, lump sum of fixed price contract will be made, according to which,
contractor will be paid with a decided price for the work carried out. In despite of this, Supplier
relationship management (SRM) will be followed to manage sound relationship with the
suppliers and thereby accomplish value maximization goals (Burke, 2013).
PRESENTATION (BID OPENING SESSION)
Attached in Power point presentation
CONCLUSION
From the above held discussion, it becomes that Darling Harbour Swing Bridge
Redevelopment is expected to complete by the end of 5th December 2017 at an expected
budgeted cost of 31,474,000 AUD. In order to maintain adequate safety arrangements, all the
project members will be properly instructed, provided with safety manuals and personal
protective equipments. However, for the quality management, quality assurance and control
system will be employed. Lastly, design bid building method will be used as a delivery method
and fixed price contract will be made, in which, contractor will be paid with the pre-fixed value
for the work carried.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arashpour, M. and et.al., 2017. Integrated management of on-site, coordination and off-site
uncertainty: Theorizing risk analysis within a hybrid project setting. International
Journal of Project Management. 35(4). pp.647-655.
Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.
De Corte, W., 2011. Renovation techniques for rib to deckplate fatigue cracking in orthotropic
bridge decks. Scientific Research and Essays. 6(9). pp.1977-1986.
de Freitas, S.T., Kolstein, H. and Bijlaard, F., 2010. Composite bonded systems for renovations
of orthotropic steel bridge decks. Composite Structures. 92(4). pp.853-862.
Eadie, R. and et.al.,2013. BIM implementation throughout the UK construction project lifecycle:
An analysis. Automation in Construction, 36, pp.145-151.
Fisk, E.R. and Reynolds, W.D., 2011. Construction project administration. Pearson Higher Ed.
Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt
Assn.
Hegazy, T., 2013. Computer-Based Construction Project Management: Pearson New
International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed.
Karas, S., 2013. Unique Hennebique Bridges in Lublin, Poland. American Journal of Civil
Engineering and Architecture. 1(2). pp.47-51.
Kerzner, H., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and
controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Li, J. and et.al., 2014. Community-based collaborative information system for emergency
management. Computers & operations research. 42(8). pp.116-124.
Lientz, B. and Rea, K., 2016. Breakthrough technology project management. Routledge.
Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016. Project management toolbox: tools and techniques
for the practicing project manager. John Wiley & Sons.

Meredith, J.R., Mantel Jr, S.J. and Shafer, S.M., 2013. Project management in practice. Wiley
Global Education.
Mubarak, S.A., 2015. Construction project scheduling and control. John Wiley & Sons.
Sears, S.K. and et.al., 2015. Construction project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Soetens, F., 2010. Aluminium structures in building and civil engineering
applications. Structural Engineering International. 20(4). pp.430-435.
Turner, J.R., 2014. The handbook of project-based management. New York, NY: McGraw-hill.
Online
Methods of procurement. 2015. [PDF]. Available through: <
http://www.doe.in.gov/sites/default/files/nutrition/methods-procurement.pdf>. [Accessed
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Project Delivery Methods and Contract Type. 2013. [Online]. Available through: <
http://classes.sdc.wsu.edu/classes/cstm102/lectures/Lecture%206-Project%20Delivery
%20Methods.pdf>. [PDF]. [Accessed on 21st September 2017].