Comparative Analysis of Leadership and Management

This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management research in Asia from 1995 to 2012. It includes a comparative analysis of research topics and methods, as well as studies on leadership styles, management systems, and growth in owner-managed SMEs. The document also explores different leadership theories and perspectives, providing insights into effective leadership and management practices.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK...............................................................................................................................................3
QUESTION 1...................................................................................................................................3
Utilising management and leadership skills in role of associate director by Angela.............3
QUESTION 2...................................................................................................................................5
Steps to be taken for building confidence level of staff.........................................................5
QUESTION 3...................................................................................................................................7
Suggestions to improve leadership skills of Angela and management skills of managers....7
QUESTION 4...................................................................................................................................9
Brining effectiveness in leadership style................................................................................9
QUESTION 5.................................................................................................................................12
Leadership and management theory and principles.............................................................12
QUESTION 6.................................................................................................................................13
Implementation of strategies to enhance the effectiveness of leaders and managers...........13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
As all are familiar about leadership and management role in an organisation. These two
bodies act differently from each other but work in collaboration in order to integrate the function
of an organisation effectively. Leadership is an ability to influence other while management is an
quality to direct and control the things efficiently in workplace. Is is necessary that both leaders
and managers work together in order to achieve all the sustainable goals of company effectively.
In an working environment of an firm managers are the policy makers and implementer of the
rules and regulation in function while the leaders are the director, communicator to the
workforce of the company about policies and strategic plan developed by higher management
(Arnold, Fletcher and Molyneux, 2012). These both work in hierarchy and in collaboration to
control the task and resources efficiently. The company should not delegate in the authority and
roles of manager and leaders as both are different entity but are working for accomplishing same
objectives.
This particular report studies about various type of leadership theories and principles
which will contribute to the better leadership and management style followed in working
environment. This respective assignment discuss about various steps which are followed to
implement these steps in the working environment effectively (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013).
In this report an case study is also carried out in order to analyse the current situation of the non
profit organisation and the works to bring higher confidence level in employees and also discuss
about reducing the higher employment turnover rate by following and developing effective
management and leadership skills in behaviour and working of Angela. Angela as an leaders and
should work in coordination and correlation with the Kelly and Linda working at manager level
to accomplish the goals of firm effectively and provide efficient assessment to family and
children.
TASK
QUESTION 1
Utilising management and leadership skills in role of associate director by Angela.
Management skills
Entire functions of the company has been managed by leaders who having appropriate
management skills. It involve different types of decision making process which is helpful for the

entire business. For the same purpose they have to use their collective efforts in order to provide
best quality of services to people and maintain their performance as well in international market.
Manager must have to management skills which is required in planning and communication
process. Such skills are useful for maintain exiting rules and control them as well. Planning,
organizing, coordination are different functions (Azhar, 2011). Also they must have
communication skills in order to interact with other members. Conduct training and development
session for their employees in order to manage their performance in effective manner. Try to
motivate employees for the purpose of communicate clear direction (Versatility Is The Key To
Effective Leadership. 2014). Use available resources in effective for the purpose of attain target
or objective. Manager having different options to take decisions in order to take appropriate
decision. Motivation gives strengths to people through this can focus on their tasks which are
provided to them on the basis of their skills and knowledge. Continuously monitor to employees
in order to ensures work ability and manage their work quality.
According to given scenario, as a head of the department of non profit making
organization which provide services to children and families (Blegen and Severinsson, 2011).
Angela needs to use her collective to manage existing rules and regulation which are imposed on
them. She have to control things which are already followed by them.
Leadership skills
Leaders must use their innovative skills to introduce use methods and procedure which
are beneficial for them. They are responsible for motivate their subordinates in order to complete
their task in stipulated time period (Janelle Stewart. 2016). Always maintain positive attitude
towards other members. Lots of issues created in organization which must be resolve by leaders
through providing best possible solution for them. They are responsible to create vision for
future time and try to motivate workers in order to attain the same. Maintain relationship among
each and every members of the company who are working with company. They have to use their
collective skills and knowledge in order to attain their target and objectives as well.
She have to follow perfect leadership skills which is able to put company at profitable
position. Have to use creative thinking which are beneficial for the company. Receive feedback
from other members in order to resolve their problems. She have to motivate their employees in
order to attain their target. Through this they can provide best quality of services to their targeted
employees in order to attract large number customers. Conduct open discussion with other

members for the purpose of maintain their performance. Frame plans or strategies which are
useful for them and try to implementation the same in future time.
QUESTION 2
Steps to be taken for building confidence level of staff.
In the present case scenario staff are very much concerned about the uncertainty in job.
They are continuously worried about job security because of persisting higher employee turnover
rate in the organisation. Angela can develop various plans related with developing and
trustworthy and confident working environment organisation (Chi, Lan and Dorjgotov, 2012).
Angela is having negative conversation style as this will demotivate the employees to work
efficiently in the organisation environment. Angela can implement various steps to increase the
confidence level of workforce in order to provide an efficient and responsible assistance to the
required children and family to develop various skills to live better independent life which are
described below.
Providing autonomy to managers: This largely helps in making efficient and profitable
decision for the organisation. This also leads to conveying the important information to the staff
of organisation by managers (Crawford, 2012). Angela should develop an environment of
autonomy in managers which helps in defining the actions of staff and sharing important
information to the staff effectively. This will enhance the involvement of workforce in
organisation action to large extent and develop higher confidence in behaviour. The leadership
style of Angela will motivate the Kelly and Linda to work efficient because of maintaining
higher autonomy in functions of managers in workplace.
Efficiently communicating about change: The manages and leaders should be concerned
about the implementing new changes in the working environment according to changes in
external environment as well as to needs of employees. The mangers should be responsible
towards the changing surrounding and act responsibly towards the plans which will be efficient
for implementing changes in actions (Dignam and et. al., 2012). The Angela should
communicate effectively about the changes sin working premises of non profit organisation as
this will helps in building transparency in actions and also motivates employees to work with
dedication and increase confidence level of workforce. Angela is developing various strategies to

communicate the changes to the staff and lower managers in order to direct the action of team
effectively towards new change in organisation functionality and policies.
Encourage staff for professional development: The manager and leaders should be
responsible towards the growth of their employees. The manager should organise various
training and development programme in order to enhance the competencies and skills of staff in
working environment (Drennan, 2012). Leader motivates employees to do work efficiently and
also encourage people to grab various growth opportunities. Angela should develop an motivated
working place ion the non profit organisation order to encourage employees and staff for their
professional development and grabbing various learning opportunities. The managers should also
provide sufficient time in working hours to employees so they can contribute their confidence in
professional development programme and contribute for better career while working for
respective non profit firm.
Organising team building exercises: The manager should conduct various team building
exercises and interactive session to enhance the team strength and team working. Angela should
arrange team building practices in working environment (Gens, 2010). This will increase the
engagement of staff in the working environment and also helps in developing good relationship
among subordinates. The leaders should encourage the staffs to work in team and contribute to
enhancement of each other skills through developing an healthy working environment in
practices of firm. Angela and the two managers Kelly and Linda should wok as team also
participate in team building activities to bring higher interaction. This will helps in developing a
good relationship with reach other and also contribute in understanding about each other strength
and weaknesses to neutralise each other inefficiencies functions.
Provide better incentives to excellent performance: The managers should take care of
incentives of employees who are better performing in the organisation day by day (Goetsch and
Davis, 2014). Managers are the motivating force developing higher performance standards for
workforce. Angela should develop an efficient performance appraisal system in working of non
profit organisation in order to motivate employee to perform better. Mangers and leaders should
identify excellent performer in organisation an apprise his work in order to bring higher
confidence level in individual nature to do better constantly in working environment and provide
better assessment to users of services given by non profit organisation.

Improving Angela conversation style: The Angela is having negative conversation style
as she is unable to influence the mangers and subordinates (Hallinger and Bryant, 2013). In
order to bring higher confidence in employees Angela should motivating and positive
conversation style in practice. This largely influence internal working of conversation and
service deliver by this respective non profit organisation. The conversation style of leader and
manager should be effective in order to direct and control team right direction and brings higher
confidence to perform task effectively. Negative conversation style of Angela with mangers
Linda and Kelly develop an negative working environment which have to be improved by
Angela to bring higher efficiency in functions.
Discussing with staff to resolve issues without retribution: The manager should develop
an motivating working environment through controlling over various issues responsibly without
any retribution to employees (Hallinger and Chen, 2015). This will largely contribute in
resolving issue identified as the retribution is not there to demotivate the workforce. Retribution
largely affects performance of employees in work place and creates a negative environment.
Angela should develop an motivating working environment through developing an discussion
problem and issues with employs and subordinates and manager (Kelly and Linda). This largely
develop higher confidence in workforce to deliver quality services to users of non profit
organisation services in business environment.
QUESTION 3
Suggestions to improve leadership skills of Angela and management skills of managers.
The mangers and leaders should continuously focus on developing and improving newer
skills related with their work and job in workplace (Hallinger, 2011). Leaders should be
motivator and influencer and risk taker while the managers should efficient controller and
director for directing team in right direction by adopting integration in work of both mangers and
leaders. The Angela should focus on her leadership competencies and while Kelly and Linda on
the management skills to improve efficiency and performance standards of their work. Steps to
improve leadership skills are:-
 In order to become a leader, the person must have a clear sight of what he/she wants to do
in life so that their passion to do something in life motivates others also.

 The person must have a quality of taking initiative in every work happening around
which also bring great amount of learning to them which pushes them towards their goal
i.e. leadership.
 The person should have a quality to motivate others and should generate positive energy
wherever they go (Ham and et. al., 2011).
 They should have the guts to accept their mistakes and admit it in front of everyone and
also corrects them.
 They should also have good communication skills which acts as one of the strength for
them. They should live their life by following some moral values and should try to become a
role model for other people.
Steps to improve management skills of managers are:- Set goals:- The manager should set some goals in the organisation because it gives
direction to the employees as they know what they have to achieve in the organisation.
The goals should be understandable to the employees and they must also be rewarded for
the same.
 Development plan:- In order to achieve a goal, one must have a plan so that managers
know in which road they have to walk (Kelly, 2011). The process starts with removing
the problems which can make the process difficult. The plan is divided into different
steps and each step must be given to different employee.
 The managers must also train the employees to achieve the goals and also motivating
them time to time so that they don't feel down.
 Its manager's responsibility to take care of employees like their financial situation, health,
habits etc. So, that the employees can focus on their goals and as well as targets defined
by non profit organisation and higher management like Angela.
Angela should work in collaboration with Kelly and Linda the mangers of organisation
(Nahavandi, 2016). Angela should develop various leadership competencies in practice like
effective communication skill, higher confidence and good conveyor of information to the
subordinates and the managers of organisation. While Kelly and Linda should develop various
skills and compatibility to the work in order to bring higher efficiently. This can be suggested to
Angela that she is having glass half empty of conversation style which largely affects the

working of individual and also effects internal functioning of firm and also influence the working
of employees to large extent. Angela is also unable to develop transparency in working
environment which largely influence the trust of workforce and also decreases confidence level
of individual to large extent (Renz, 2016). The Angela should improve her working style as well
as communication and conversation style. This will largely helps in improving the services
actually and performance of non profit organisation in working business environment. Kelly is
less efficiently in dealing with any issue and problem as she consider the white and black view of
problem. Kelly can make use of various skills in order to motivate other person through her self
driven capability in business surroundings. Linda can improve various skills related with the
management skills like developing effective time management competencies in practice. This
will helps in taking important decisions on time to relative issues. The managers and leaders can
develop their skills through improving communication, presentation skills along with directing
employees in right direction. Managers and leaders should work in coordination to enhance their
capabilities and skill of performance task effectively and helps in developing quality services for
the users of company (Salamon, 2010).
QUESTION 4
Brining effectiveness in leadership style.
The managers and leaders should bring higher effectiveness in leadership style in order to
bring higher efficiency in function of firm. Angela should be concerned about the effectiveness
of her leadership style in order to influence others effectively I working environment to direct
them according to needs of non profit organisation goals (Simonet and Tett, 2013). In the
present case study the leader should be effective in adopting new leadership style to influence
and motivate the employees as well as mangers accordingly to reduce the dissatisfaction level for
workforce and employee turnover rate in business environment. The various type of leadership
style that may be followed by an leaders in practices are defined below.
Autocratic: In this type of leadership style the the leader is developing decision by own
decision and does not involve any other person in defining the strategies for the firm (Spillane
and Healey, 2010). This type of person is an strictly and having higher power and authority to
direct other people. This type of leaders are engaged in giving punishment, retribution, plenty
services in order to finish work of time. This type of leadership style is does not involve other

person hence this is an faster approach to make decision in critical contingent situation in
business environment.
Managerial: This is an leadership style which is following actions of an managers in
organisation. This leadership style directs the team as role of an manager in organisation to
control and regulate the activities of employees according to organisation strategic plans and
goals and objectives (Tobin, 2014). These managerial leaders are at the top level of the
organisation executives who defines various policies and implement them in practice to be
followed by the followers and workforce.
Democratic: This respective leadership style where the decision is made through an
discussion between managers, leaders and other employees. In this leadership style leader is
concerned about benefits of people and the believes that human resource is an important aspect
fro growth of firm and team to achieve organisation goals effectively. But in this situation final
decision is taken by manger and leader himself (Wang and Poutziouris, 2010). The leader
achieve new ideas from the workforce and at last implement the plan which suits him best.
Collaborative: This leadership style works in collaboration with the all employees. The
leaders make decision with involvement of decisions of all the people who are concerned about
growth of non profit organisation. In this process leaders take decision after discussion with
other team members. Every person having different opinion and mind set so that they provide
several solution for each and every problem. Members needs to use their collective efforts in
order to take effective decisions which are helpful for them.
Laissez faire leadership style: This style is known as free style of leading people. The
leader do not interfere in the working of fowler and only direct to some extent. The team
members and followers are having freedom to take decision related to their task and job. This
process is slower to work and inefficient if the employees are not passionate about work. This
style is effective only when team members are dedicatedly working and responsible towards
their duties and the goals and objectives of firm as well.

Source 1: Michelle McQuaid. 2013. Laissez-Faire Leadership – Is Less More?
According to given scenario, Angela is the person who act as Associate Director in non
profit making organization which provide services to children and their families. As head of
department she is responsible to focuses on the skill building programme. In that she follow
Autocratic leadership styles in which leaders take effective decisions without consulting with
other members and self manage their performance as well. This types of leadership style not
beneficial for companies.
On the other hand, leaders needs to follow participative leadership style in order to attain
their target in effective manner and manage performance as well in international market. In such
type of style effective decision needs to be taken by two or more members after discussion. No
person take decision without consulting with others. So members are bound to follow rules and
regulation which are imposed on them. Entire company must comply with rules which are
mentioned under law.

QUESTION 5
Leadership and management theory and principles.
There are various theories developed by researcher and finders in order to define the
important aspects of leaders and leadership styles. These theories provide a direction to the
leadership style and approaches to enhance effectiveness of leadership working in organisation.
There are many theories which defines leadership styles, traits are define below.
Great man Theory: It states that leaders are born and are not made. Study of leadership
is only done on the people who are already great leaders. The people who were part of this
research was from the aristocracy and few from the lower class. Great leaders will automatically
arise when there is urgent need.
Trait Theory: This theory briefs that what are the qualities which makes a leader. It
includes personality, social, physical or intellectual traits are the things which categorize
common people from a leader. It states that ambition to energy, desire to lead, honesty, self
confidence and etc. are the leadership traits according to this theory. It shows that if a person is
able to motivate his or her team then they can be called as leaders.
Behavioural Theory: A leader can be identified on whatever they do and shows role of
the leader in particular situation (Arnold, Fletcher and Molyneux, 2012). His action speaks about
Source 2: Top 8 Leadership Theories. 2017

the leadership quality and they have certain behaviour during different situations. Whatever he or
she do bring make them a mature person.
Contingency Theory of Leadership: In what surrounding leaders exists shows his or
her leadership. Fielder model can gives briefs about the leadership style and briefs that it is the
interaction style which he does to subordinates in different situations. How they control and
impact the situation in which they are showing their skills. At the initial stage leadership style is
known then the situation is briefed or denied but at the final level leaders are matched with the
situations (Blegen and Severinsson, 2011).
Transactional Theory of Leadership: Also referred to as managerial leadership and
emphases on inspection, monitoring, firms and performance (Tobin, 2014). In this style of
leadership in which leaders promote compliance by followers through both rewards and
punishments. He finds certain loopholes and deviation in his team and find solutions. This is
helpful in crises and emergency situations.
Transformational Theory: It is defined as the leadership approach that cause change in
person and the social environment. It brings certain positive and valuable change in the people
who are following that particular leader (Wang and Poutziouris, 2010). Their goal is to transform
followers into leaders and they brings new things through creative ideas. They motivate and
boost their moral so that they can achieve the goals which has set by the non profit organisation.
QUESTION 6
Implementation of strategies to enhance the effectiveness of leaders and managers.
There are various of strategies which are helpful for leaders and managers. Also try to
implement the same to attain their target and objectives. Higher authorities needs to use their
effective skills and knowledge. Strategies implementation requires companies to opted different
types methods and procedures which are useful for better future. Members have to use their
collective efforts in order to attain their target and objectives (Spillane and Healey, 2010). Try to
recruit best person for the company which having appropriate skills, knowledge and experience.
Staff members need to use their collective efforts which are helpful for the company. All
members are actively participate in decision making process.
1. The strategic plan for enhancing effectiveness of mangers and leaders should be
aligned with objectives and goals of non profit organisation: The strategies developed by an firm

should be as per the targets of firm an which will helps in motivating leaders and mangers to
work in integration.
2. Develop effective leadership team: The leaders and managers should caret an
motivational and passionate team who are leaded by good leaders of organisation to direct the
group in right direction.
3. Develop an implementation plan: Then the developed strategies should be
implemented effectively by designing an appropriate plan to bring strategies in action to enhance
the effectiveness in working of leaders and managers of the non profit organisation.
4. Define allocate budget: Then describe the budget for the strategic implementation in
practice. The strategies should be developed in complied with the monetary resources.
5. Describe objectives: The strategic plan should be defined with the objectives and goals
of non profit organisation according to the needs and requirements of managers and leaders.
6. Aligning the structural processes in organisation: The strategic plan should be aligned
with the processes and the organisation goals to direct the managers and leaders to enhance their
effectiveness (Simonet and Tett, 2013).
7. Aligning people as per processes and objectives: The strategic plan should be aligned
to the people according to the different precesses and objectives described in the plan to increase
the confidence level of managers and leaders to achieve the targets of non profit organisation
efficiently.
8. Communicating developed strategy: The strategies designed in from should be
communicating to all the stakeholders of organisation and to all related people in order to bring
efficiency in functions.
9. Review strategy to bring effectiveness in managers and leaders: The developed
strategies should be reviewed continuously in order to develop new changes according to
changing needs in bringing higher effectiveness in functions of mangers and leaders.
10. Develop strategic adjustment: The changes and adjustment in strategies according to
the requirements of leaders and managers in enhancing effectiveness of their to achieve the
sustainable targets of non profit organisation.
11. Create an motivational organisation structure for implementing strategy: There
should be an motivational environment in the workplace of organisation to implement and follow
up develop strategies to increase the effectiveness of leaders and mangers.

CONCLUSION
This can be extracted and concluded from the above discussed topic of dealership and
management in respective report, that leadership and management is have great relevancy with
the accomplishment of sustainable growth of organisation as well as brining higher efficiency in
the organisation functioning. The leaders and managers are responsible in bringing higher
synergy in work and also contribute in developing good team spirit in workplace. This can be
suggested from the above assignment that organisation should follow an appropriate leadership
style in order to develop new competencies in team members working which are required to
perform task in organisation. The leaders should be responsible towards their team to influence
them and motivate them to work passionately and contribute in the accomplishment of
organisation goals of efficiently. The various type of dealership style helps in increasing the
efficiency of the managers and leaders. Different leadership theories directs to leaders to work
accordingly as per requirements of organisation substantive growth. Mangers should develop an
motivating environment in workplace to increase confidence level and trust level of staff towards
managers and leaders of company and work passionately in workplace. Angela is working for a
non profit organisation an unable to maintain, direct and control various operation of firm as well
as the the mangers of company. As an associate leader Angela should effectively maintain
employment turnover rate, confidence level of employees and working of mangers efficiently.

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