Leadership and Management - H&M

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
TASK1 ..........................................................................................................................................3
1. Points required for being a successful leader..........................................................................3
2. How good leaders are developed............................................................................................6
3. Difference between leadership and management....................................................................7
4. Learnt about leadership from own experience......................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

TASK1
1. Points required for being a successful leader.
Every great business needs effective and successful leaders who can inspire their
employees. Leadership is the most important function of management which helps to maximise
efficiency and to accomplish organisational goals (Aycan, 2015). It is a process of influencing
the behaviour of the people to voluntarily act for attainment of objectives. Leader is a person in
an organisation who holds a controlling and superior position within its field and they are able to
exercise a greater level of power and influences over others. Successful leaders are the power
and intellect behind the organisation. There are various points which are to be kept in operating
the function of effective leader in a H&M and they are discussed below :
 Confidence : Leaders must be confident enough in their working so that others follow
their commands and orders. They must reflect the desired level of confidence in their
actions and assures that their subordinates trust them as a leader.
 Communication : Leaders must be consistent in communicating various policies, plans,
vision and mission of the organisation to the people (Cook and Glass, 2014). Effectively
communicating ensures that people are clear with the goals and objectives of the
organisation and work in accordance with it.
 Inspire : Leader must be able to inspire the team. When group or team feels the burden
or pressure of workload then leader will be able to motivate and inspire them to work
with full zeal.
 Responsible : Great leaders know that when it comes to their company, they necessitate
to take personal obligation for non accomplishment. A good leader does not make
excuses and they take the blame irrespective and then work out how to fix the problem as
soon as possible. For understanding in detail about the leadership and leader, there are
various theories and model which are discussed and H&M will adopt them in their
framework.
The big five personality trait
It is also known as five factor model and OCEAN model and is a hierarchy of personality
trait. Personality encompasses all the traits, characteristics and quirkiness that sets individual

separate and unique from one another. This approach puts emphasis on leaders traits, attributes
and characteristics. In this model, Beneath described the five personality traits which are
discussed below :-
 Openness : It flashes the level of rational ability, cognitive state and an orientation for
freshness and assortment within a person. It can also be detailed as the range to which an
individual is creative and represents a personal preference for a variety of human action
over a regular routine (Higgs and Dulewicz, 2016).
 Conscientiousness : It is a level to which people are careful, cautious and honest. People
with high score on this, are tend to be self disciplined, dutiful and prefer planned
behaviour to a spontaneous one. Lack of this refers to exactly reverse behaviour of this.
 Extraversion : Extroverts gets their energy from interacting with others while introvert
energises themselves from their internal traits and feelings. This includes the traits of
energetic, talkative and assertive (Ingram and et, all., 2015). People who lack this traits,
results in preferring solitude, feels exhausted, hesitation, etc.
 Agreeableness : Individuals who poses these traits are friendly, cooperative and
compassionate . People who lacks this traits are competitive and manipulative in nature.
 Neuroticism : It is characterised by sadness, moodiness and emotional instability. People
who are high in this traits gets upset easily, experience a lot of stress, etc. And people
who lacks this trait are emotionally stable, does not worry more and feel relaxed.
Strength Weakness
This model is universal and applicable globally
and clearly defines the specific characteristics.
It lacks the traits or expressions of cultural
aspect, age and gender.
It is compatible with other features which seek
to examine a certain personality trait.
The five factors are not independent in nature
and each factor depends on another which is
not realistic.
Path goal theory
This theory of management was developed by American management and it anticipates
that a leader compliments their employees and compensate for their drawbacks. In this theory of

leadership, leaders behaviour is described as directive, supportive, achievement oriented and
participative. This also covers contingency factors which includes subordinates traits like
authoritarian, ability, etc. which causes personal perceptions and environmental factors which
causes motivation, rewards and includes task, primary work group, etc. It also examines the
subordinates attitudes and behaviours related to job satisfaction, acceptance of leader and
motivational behaviour.
Strength Weakness
This method is applicable in emergencies and
situations where there is time constraint.
This method is not democratic in nature and its
success and failure is dependent on leader.
It is a flexible method and ideas are easy to
understand.
It is very complex theory as it considers more
parameters and requires detail analyses to
choose leadership styles.
Servant leadership
The main of servant leadership is to serve their people. A servant leader focuses on needs
of others and team member (Ljungholm, 2014). They share power, puts the needs of the
employees first and help people develop and perform as highly as possible. They assist other
people who need help in performing the task and involve them in decisions where necessary. It
further leads to increased in innovation.
Strength Weakness
This focuses on the needs and requirements of
people working under the leader.
It is a time consuming leadership because this
requires a change in attitude and mentality of a
leader so that they work successfully.
Removal of disciplinarian atmosphere and they
make policies after listening to the people.
Leaders lack to adopt this style as it requires
the entire organisation approach rather then
engaging an individual in it on their own.
2. How good leaders are developed.
Good leaders are not born overnight. Yes, I can develop good leadership in my
organisation but it needs time and efforts. Leadership development expands the capacity of
individual to perform in leadership roles within an organisation. Development of leadership is a

key to effective success in an organisation. I can develop leadership in H&M in the following
ways:
 Engaging motivation to develop : Some people accept responsibilities and duties
willingly while others are not able to accept it. I will use effective means to motivate the
entire workforce which will encourage them to work towards the benefit and
accomplishment of goals and objectives.
 Resolving conflicts : For practising and developing leadership, I will minimise and
resolve conflicts between team members and individuals. I will take decisions which will
not only benefit the few individuals but will be advantageous to the entire group and
doest create negative feeling in mind of any people.
 Security and healthy working environment : I will assure the safety and security of
people working in the organisation (Macdonald, Burke and Stewart, 2017). For this
purpose, I will try to identify the needs of people concerning with security and try to
provide the appropriate measures like health security, insurances, job security, etc. This
will help in creating energetic individuals who will perform their jobs effectively and
efficiently.
 Democratic leadership style : I will try to use more of democratic leadership style as
this will motivate and encourages people to take part in decision making. This further
makes them attentive and increases innovation and creativeness in day to day operations.
 Skills : I will develop my skills with the help of three model skill model. This will give
me benefit in developing various skills like listening, presenting, communicating, etc.
The Great Man Theory of Leadership
This theory emphasises on the fact that leaders are not made but they are born. According
to this, it stresses on certain qualities of leadership like charm, command, intelligence, honesty,
courage, etc. which are in such a nature that it cannot be taught and learned, hence they are
inbuilt by birth. They are by birth or inherited in family from old time periods. These leaders
were not trained nor they acquired such leadership qualities in their lives, such skills and abilities
were naturally in them. The congenital leading attribute alone are essential and adequate for a
leader to exercise influence over his followers and to become successful.
Strength Weakness

Various qualities of leader are perception,
demanding, courage, confidence, directing, etc.
which are in built and treated as strength of the
person.
Lack of scientific and experimental legitimacy.
Some people are born with inbuilt attributes
that sets them different from other people and
it is the strength of the leaders.
One of the important drawback is that people
believe some people become great leaders
independent of their environmental situations.
3. Difference between leadership and management.
Leadership
Leadership help person and others employees to do right thing in an organisation. H&M
leader provides visions to its employee as to accomplish goals and objectives (Nijstad, A
Berger-Selman and De Dreu, 2014). Its a process which involves influencing a person or group,
so that which ensures achievement as well as accomplishment of desired goals, enthusiastically
and willingly. Its a quality which is possess in few people only, it can't be taught to anyone. If a
person own this quality is known as a leaders. The leader is one who have large number of
followers and so many people inspire from their qualities as well as idea. Leader role is to create
vision for their organisation as which is followed by employees for achieving desired goals.
Different leadership styles are used in an organisation in different situation or as per demand to
execute desire objectives of H&M. Style can be of democratic in which leaders as well as
subordinated both are involve in decision making and employees are well skilled, knowledgable,
creative etc. autocratic leadership style when leader take all responsibilities of an organisation or
make all the decisions there is no involvement of employees in decisions (Cherry and Jacob,
2016). To create good vision its essential to think across boundaries.
The critical leader understand all the sites of leadership and on that basis best decisions
are formed by leader. The appropriate leadership style is followed by leader to implement
changes according to situation. The appropriate leadership approach helps people to take right
decisions when its required in an organisation.
Management

This word is combination of four words which is man+age+men+t(technique). Its refers
to a techniques used by a man for dealing with employees of different age group, as they work
together for achieving common as well as desire objectives of an organisation (Pihlainen,
Kivinen and Lammintakanen, 2016). Management is not confined with men only its a
combination of 5M i.e. men, money,material,machine and method. As a person who is appointed
to examine activities of management are known as manager. Its a manager responsibility to
maintain budget of an organisation as well decisions regarding finance, investments, make plans
for future, organizes schedules, guides, keep eye on activities of employees and motivates for
achieving organisation objectives. Functions of management are planning, organisation, leading,
controlling, decision making and motivating. The quality of manager is requires leadership skills
as well to inspire subordinates (Sallis, 2014). Management is all about maintaining as well as
arranging the 5M appropriately in an organisation. The manager focus on directing employees as
they formulates path or map visions to its employees. Management role is to formulates polices
and producers for employees.
Difference between leadership and management
Basis Leadership Management
Emphasis on The leadership is a virtue people
through encouraging them doing right
thing at right time. They focuses on
inspiring employee to achieve
objectives as well as goals of an
organisation. The leader sets or create
visions for its employee.
They just focuses on managing
employees as well as activities of
an organisation. They don't focus
on employees welfare as manager
just want completions of work in
time. They task oriented rather
than employee oriented.
Focus Leadership acquires trust of
subordinate as they started motivated,
inspire or influence with their thought
process. Leader people oriented. They
always want completion task in time
but with benefits of employees as well
of an organisation.
They just need control over their
subordinates. Employees can't
influence by them so easily as just
fully controls decisions making as
well in organisation. The manager
just focus on task and control
employee with full efficiency.

Strategy Leadership is proactive as leaders
control and creates situation in an
organisation rather controlling
(McCaffery, 2018). As leaders always
takes risk to improve more in an
organisation.
Management is reactive, manager
just responds to situations rather
than controlling. They always try
to avoid risk in an organisation.
Formulation In leadership principles as well as
guidelines are formed for an
organisation. As they can establish
new guidelines as well in an
organisations.
In management polices and
producers are implement in an
organisation. Manager is
responsible of implementing
polices which are establish by
leader of an organisation.
Perspectives Leadership brings foresightedness of
leader as they bring change in
organisation. They are very adoptable
in accepting changes in an
organisation as they create visions
which is accomplished in long run.
Management has a shot range of
perspective, they make stability in
organisation in term of activities as
well as operations. They create
polices for implementation of
visions to achieve goals.
Risks Leadership take risk to be different in
organisation. Leaders have a quality
to influence employee as well as
motivates them to do work.
Manager of an organisation always
avoid to take risk. They just have a
quality of ruling on employees.
McCaffery, P., 2018

The H&M used different leadership style in every different situation to accomplish desire
objectives in an organisation (Storey, 2016). Appropriately execution of vision into reality is a
responsibilities of leadership as well as management of an organisation. The leader and manager
are essential to control the changes as well as response to that changes in H&M.
The three skill model
This approach or model takes into account the knowledge and abilities that the leader
poses. This model was developed by Katz, who focuses on that leader must have three skills
namely technical, human and conceptual. Leaders of H&M will adopt this skill model to assure
that leader poses the certain abilities described under the model and are essential for making
them successful leader.
 Technical skills : It is the knowledge about the proficiency and competency in a
particular work or task. For instance, Leaders of H&M must know how to operate
computer systems and bar code machines.
 Human skills : This skill enables the leaders to work with people. These abilities help
leader of H&M to work in teams and get along with people through effective and
efficient communication.
 Conceptual skills : They are the abilities to work with ideas and concept. These skills
help leaders of H&M to interpret and take better decisions in their actions and measures
which is required in a particular field of task.
Illustration 1: Definition of Management

Strength and weakness
Strength Weakness
This approach helps in developing strong
understanding of leadership and way of
applying leadership in different situations.
Its becomes complicated when more than just
leadership styles being applied as it hard to
focus on specific skill.
This model allows employees of an
organisation to get connect with each level i.e.
low level, middle level or high level.
Its hard to understand the progress when leader
is unsure of which skill are being focused on.
The management theory:-
The scientific management theory is focuses on improving efficiency of an individual in
the organisation. Its major emphasis on improving productivity through the use of intensive
technology and human being are considered just a machine in performance of routine task. This
theory focuses on task rather than people orientation in an organisation. Its imposed on
standardization of working method, as separate planning of various task performed in
organisation. The strength and weakness of scientific management theory:-
Strength weakness
Careful and analytical selection of employees
for appropriate training as well as education.
This approach leads to sole control over
workforce at workplace.
The employees have numerous of manager to
handle the task.
The performance is always evaluated on
individual basis as people are labelled as
efficient and inefficient.
4. Learnt about leadership from own experience.
Leadership is all about, leading a group of people or an organisation or individual. Its an
activity through which subordinates are inspire to work hard and perform properly by which
previously set goals are achieved in an organisation. When a person have a power to lead or
direct other employees, then its quality of leadership. The characteristic of a leader is unique as
what make them different from others. Its an ability of channelising other people quality to

complete set goals. Its also an ability to lead a team member or an organisation towards
achieving missions. Leadership plays an essential part in success of an organisation. If there is no
leader then organisation can't achieve objectives or work efficiently. Leadership helps
organisation to influence behaviour of its subordinates (Wankhade and Mackway-Jones, eds.,
2015). Leader bring them in control such a way that employees puts all efforts in accomplish and
achieving desired goals of an organisation. They help employee to solve conflicts effectively by
which productivity of an organisation can't get effected. Conflicts will be solved on time
otherwise more issues are raised in organisations. If appropriate leadership style is followed then
it become very easy for them solve conflicts properly.
Being a manager of H&M, I have face different situations where I have to applied
leadership approaches and theories to accomplish desire objectives. When as per customer
demand organisation thought of lunching eco-friendly fibres used to manufacture cloths at that
situation I applied situation approach to element change in an organisation. As this approach is
emphasize on one best way to chose as to lead as well as influence employees in H&M. Through
this approach most effective leadership style will demonstrate by which maximum performance
from subordinates will be accomplished. The leader through this is been able to focuses upon
both aspects like directive behaviour as well as supportive behaviors as this also recognized as
task as well as relationship behaviour. In directive leader use one way communication in which
everything clearly explains to employees infect each details are also précised to employees. As in
supportive leader use two way communication style with an interpersonal skill in leader focuses
on building as well as maintaining relationships with their employees. The leader should both
style while implementing situations or changes in organisation.
Being a manager of H&M I used both directive as well as supportive behaviors to handle
or implement required changes in an organisation. To introduce new product in which eco-
friendly fibre is used as its a change. So, being a manager its my responsibility to make influence
employees to work on changes. As to implement changes I have gathered ideas as well as
opinions from employees and sometimes direct them also to implement changes. The approach
that I had applied was right as H&M faced huge growth in terms of increment in sales and
revenue. Manager of every applied different approaches as per situation raise in organisation.
Transformational theory is applied in this situation demands to implement change in
organisation according to customer preference. This theory consist of changes in organisation

and creating a visions to guide change through inspiration as well as executing change in an
organisation. H&M manager never want to change organisation totally as they just want to
implement those changes.
This change positivity effect employee behaviours as well as working environment of an
organisation. Employees accept the changes as according customer demand. The environment of
organisation is also improved every much. Being a manager I have learn from this situation that
always apply different style while implementing any changes in an organisation. According to
situations problem of an organisation while be implemented.
This experience change my opinion towards applying leadership style in organisation.
When directive behaviours is require manager should apply they but when supportive behaviours
require then that as according to situations. To implement changes in organisation being a
manager transformational theory should applied. Manager should also have leadership quality to
effective run operations of organisations. Manager are only task oriented by when they develop
leadership skills as well then they become employee oriented as well.
Gibbs reflective cycle
Through this cycle people need to think systematically about experienced they had during
specific event, activity or situation. This often makes people to think about an experiences,
events and activities in more detail, by which people get more aware about own actions and been
to able to adjust as well as change their behaviour. The cycle starts with description and ends
with action plans. The cycle are:-
 Description:- As per customer need eco-friendly fibres are used to manufacture cloths.
The changes implemented in H&M by which environment can't get effected.
 Feeling:- It feel good to lead an event, through launching a new product i.e. using eco-
friendly fibre to manufacture cloths. When doing something good for environment the its
feel good.
 Evaluation:- To implement those changes in an organisation is a good experience. The
approached which I had applied is work appropriately in situation. The employees had
worked as per style which I had applied while implementing changes.
 Analysis:- According to James Owens leadership is a universal set of trait or behaviour.
This approach help me to implement different types of leadership style in different
context.

 Conclusion:- This approach ensures positive outcome, as per customer demand changes
are been able to implement in an organisation. To apply democratic leadership is not a
good option when time is less to implement changes.
 Action plan:- Next time also situation approach and transformational theory is applied to
implemented changes as this ensures positive outcomes.
Strength and weakness
Strength Weakness
To analyse own experience through this cycle
and its also benefits leader in future to
effectively implement same changes.
Its required huge description about situation or
changes that are need to be implemented in an
organisation.
Effective evaluation is possible of a leaders
through this process.
Analyse particular style with respective author
as well.
REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Aycan, Z., 2015. Paternalistic leadership. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. pp.1-2.
Cherry, B. and Jacob, S. R., 2016. Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Cook, A. and Glass, C., 2014. Women and top leadership positions: Towards an institutional
analysis. Gender, Work & Organization. 21(1). pp.91-103.
Higgs, M. and Dulewicz, V., 2016. Developments in leadership thinking. In Leading with
Emotional Intelligence (pp. 75-103). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Ingram, T. N., and et, all., 2015. Sales management: Analysis and decision making. Routledge.
Küpers, W., 2016. A handbook of practical wisdom: Leadership, organization and integral
business practice. Routledge.
Ljungholm, D. P., 2014. Transformational leadership behavior in public sector organizations.
Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice. 6(1). p.76.
Macdonald, I., Burke, C. and Stewart, K., 2017. Systems leadership: Creating positive
organisations. Routledge.
McCaffery, P., 2018. The higher education manager's handbook: effective leadership and
management in universities and colleges. Routledge.