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Leadership and Management in Operations: A Comparative Analysis

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Added on 2024/06/28

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This report explores the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, examining their application in various situational contexts. It delves into different leadership theories, including situational, systems, and contingency approaches, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses. The report further investigates the key approaches to operations management, highlighting the importance of leaders and managers in achieving business objectives. It examines factors impacting operational management and decision-making, analyzing their influence on the business environment and wider community. Toyota Plc serves as a practical example throughout the report.

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Management and Operations
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Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 (LO1 & LO 2)............................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 4
P1) Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager......................5
M1) Analyze and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by effectively
applying a range of theories and concepts...............................................................................................6
P2) Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different
situational contexts.................................................................................................................................. 7
P3) Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency......................................................................................................................8
M2) Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work
environment........................................................................................................................................... 11
D1) Critically analyze and evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership in given
contexts................................................................................................................................................. 12
Conclusion............................................................................................................................................. 13
TASK 2 (LO3 & LO4).............................................................................................................................. 14
P4) Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play.
............................................................................................................................................................... 14
P5) Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.....16
M3) Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management to
successfully meet business objectives....................................................................................................17
2

P6) Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers............................................................................................. 18
M4) Analyze how these different factors affect the business environment and wider community........19
D2) Critically evaluate application of operations management and factors that impact on the wider
business environment............................................................................................................................ 20
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................. 21
References............................................................................................................................................. 22
3

Introduction
The focus of the report has laid on providing the understanding of leadership and management in
the organization. The similarities and the difference between the leader and the manager have
been highlighted in the report based on their traits and characteristics. The various approaches
and the concepts have also been thrown light on so that the operations of management can run
smoothly. The functions which are performed by the managers are also depicted so as to gain the
better understanding. The importance of operations manager in the store is also explained with
this the factors that impact the decision making of the store manager is also depicted. The overall
report explains about the role of the management in checking that the operations of the business
are running effectively and efficiently. Toyota Plc has been taken as an example for the practical
implementation.
4

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TASK 1 (LO1 & LO 2)
Introduction
This section explains about the various roles and the characteristics that are possessed in the
leader so that it can help in achievement of the overall goals and the success of the organization.
With this how the functions of the managers are applied in the situational theories are also
determined.
5

P1) Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Managers: The managers play the key role for the development and the success of organization
as they are the one who design the policies which in turn helps for the achievement of the
organizational goals effectively and efficiently (Yukl, 2012). The managers in Toyota plc make
various plans and strategies so that the target can be fulfilled on the timely basis.
The definition of manager can be defined as the one provide various appraisals to the employees
and also allocates the task in proper manner so that the performance of the individuals can be
enhanced (Yukl, 2012).
Leaders: The leaders are the individual who leads the group or the organization. With this they
also help in encouraging and motivating the employees so that they can perform better for the
achievement of organizational goals. The leaders help in providing the right path as well as the
direction through which the task can be accomplished and the growth can be achieved (Yukl,
2012).
Comparison between a leader and manager
Basis of Comparison Leaders Managers
Formal Rights The leader does not have the
formal right they just help the
employees to achieve the
goals and the targets set by the
managers (Schuh, et. al.,
2014).
The managers of Toyota have
the formal rights through
which they can execute the
policies and set6 the goals for
the various employees of
organization.
Functions The function of leader is to
motivate as well as guide their
followers.
The managers plan, direct,
motivate and control the
various activities (Sekaran and
Bougie, 2016)
Direction Leaders in Toyota form the
team and direct them to
manage the risk involved
(Sekaran and Bougie, 2016).
The manager’s helps in
resolving the problems at the
highest level so that they can
perform in better way and
which in turn will help in
achievement of higher
profitability.
6

M1) Analyze and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by
effectively applying a range of theories and concepts.
There are various theories of the management which can be used to determine the role of
managers as well as the leaders in Toyota Plc such as:
Classical theory is the one which is used so that the skills of the employees in Toyota plc can be
enhanced and the ability can be provided to implement those strategies (Schuh, et. al., 2014).
With this there is also one of the theories that have been developed by Mintzberg to describe the
roles and the duties of managers within the organization. He describes about the various roles of
manager which includes the interpersonal roles, informational roles and the decision roles. These
roles are acquired by the managers of Toyota plc so that manager is able to manage all the
situations effectively and also can adapt to the particular situation (Schuh, et. al., 2014).
7

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P2) Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts.
The Henry Fayol defined 5 functions of management which are: planning, organizing,
controlling, coordinating and controlling. He identified that these principles are possessed by
each of the mangers on the daily basis to perform the particular task. The organizing determines
the managers that how to organize the workforce in efficient manner. Planning must be done by
the managers so as to handle the future situations accordingly (Lilian, 2014). The managers must
supervise and command the employees towards the achievement of organizational goals while
the coordinating means that various activities and the producers of the organization must be
combined with organizational goals. The controlling means the deviations needs to be
communicated to the higher authority so that the improvements can be made accordingly.
In Toyota Plc the managers encourage the employees towards the achievement of higher profits
so that the growth can be achieved in the competitive market (Lilian, 2014). The changes are also
implemented by the managers by controlling various activities such as the cost of product so that
the revenues can be maximized and the sustainability as well as the accountability can be
attained. For instance, if the prices of the products are increasing so the appropriate policies as
well as the strategies should be implemented by managers so that cost can be controlled and the
margin of profit can be increased. This in turn will help to encourage the employees in positive
way so as to attain goals and objectives of organization (Lilian, 2014).
The leadership style can be taken as the democratic leadership style which is basically possessed
by the leaders so that the employees can be motivated and appropriate knowledge and the skills
can be shared to the employees (Lilian, 2014). The opinions of the employees are also
considered while taking the decision related to organizational change in Toyota. This will also
help in solving the issues which are faced by the employees as well as the organization.
8

P3) Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership,
systems leadership and contingency.
There are various theories of leadership which are being used by the leaders of Toyota so that the
profitability can be increased and the accountability can be maintained by the organization
(Kirchner, et. al., 2012).
Situational Leadership Theory:
This theory describes that how the leader should perform at the various workplaces. In Toyota
this concept is applicable as this will help in enhancing the operational activities of the
organization (Cliffs Notes, 2017). This model talks about various aspects such as:
Relationship Behavior: It explains about the relationship between the employees and the leader
within the organization so that the issues can be solved and the leaders can be motivated towards
the achievement of the common goals and objectives.
Task Behavior: The task behavior helps to allocate and manage the tasks towards the
achievement of the common objectives.
Some of the leadership styles that are possessed by the leader are:
Selling: This is the situation which is combination of both task behavior as well as the
relationship behavior. In Toyota the leaders uses this so that the task can be accomplished (Cliffs
Notes, 2017).
Telling: This behavior is of the task oriented which commands the employees to complete the
task.
9

Image: The situational Leadership Model
Source: Technofunc, 2018
Delegating: It is the situation where the employees are dedicated towards the particular task for
the performing activities.
Participating: The employees also participate in the decision making process so as to achieve
the effective outcomes (Kirchner, et. al., 2012).
System Leadership Theory:
This theory helps in providing the appropriate directions to the employees according to the
various situations. It is necessary in Toyota plc so that the organizational goals can easily be
achieved. Leaders in Toyota use this theory so that the long term goals and objectives can be
achieved (Kirchner, et. al., 2012). There are various ways of this theory such as ways of thinking,
relating, being, perceiving, feelings and doing.
Contingency Leadership Theory:
The contingency theories in the Toyota face various issues which are faced by the employees so
to better understand these issues it is necessary to evaluate the aspects such as positioning power,
leader’s relationship and the task structure. This theory helps in gaining the position in the
10

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competitive market so that the proper allocation of the resources can be done and the success of
the leader as well as the organization can be achieved (Kirchner, et. al., 2012).
11

M2) Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the
work environment.
Classical Theory:
Strength: The strong strategies for achieving goals can be developed by the managers of Toyota
and the proper plans as well as the procedures can be identified and implemented so that the
development can be made and the success can be achieved (Johnson, 2018).
Weakness: The factors and the activities are affected if the policies are not properly
implemented within the organization.
Contemporary theory:
Strength:
 The flexibility can easily be managed in organization by the managers of Toyota
(Johnson, 2018).
 The current trends and the changes are considered by the organization which provides the
competitive advantage to deal with the external environment.
Weakness:
 The operational cost of the organization is impacted which in turn affects the operations
of organization (Johnson, 2018).
12

D1) Critically analyze and evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership in
given contexts.
The theories gives the positive impact to the leaders as it gives managers and the leaders the right
direction through which the various situations can be handled in Toyota plc (Johnson, 2018).
With this these theories also ensure that the organizational goals are achieved in the effective
manner and the proper coordination is maintained between the various employees within the
organization. These theories are used by the managers so that the employees can get motivated
and hence the overall performance of the organization can be enhanced (Johnson, 2018).
13

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Conclusion
It can be summarized that the overall part gave the understanding that how the implementation of
various theories in organization leads to the success. With this the roles of the managers and the
leaders helps to maintain the accountability and the profitability.
14

TASK 2 (LO3 & LO4)
P4) Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play.
There are many approaches through which the operations of the management can attain the high
level of profitability and the growth can be achieved in the external market (Go2Hr, 2018). The
Toyota plc with the use of the operations management can reduce the wastage and the
productivity within the organization can be enhanced so that the utilization of the resources can
be done in proper way. The various approaches which will fulfill the demands are:
Continuous Improvement: The continuous changes need to be made in the new products and
the services according to the current trends in the market so that the demand for the products can
be increased and the Toyota can be competitive in the market (Go2Hr, 2018).
Just in Time: This theory will help in fulfilling the current demands of the customers in Toyota
by making changes and implementing it effectively.
Total Quality Management: The total quality management approach is will help the Toyota plc
to enhance the performance of the employees as it aims to main the high quality of the services
within the organization. It will also help in development of the new strategies through which the
TQM can be achieved. The current operations and the products as well as the services can also
be enhanced through total quality management (Go2Hr, 2018). The high quality of cars can be
produced by Toyota by minimizing the cost which in turn will help in maximization of profits.
The leaders motivate the employees so that the performance can be improved and the TQM can
be achieved.
Sis sigma: This approach helps to make the proper utilization of the resources by minimizing the
cost and maximizing the revenues. Through this Toyota plc managers can encourage the
employees to make the effective use of resources so that the productivity can be enhanced the
goals as well as the objectives can be achieved on timely basis (Go2Hr, 2018). The leaders also
take the proper efforts so that the actual decisions can be taken to achieve the growth with
minimum wastage.
15

These approaches will overall help in the enhancement of the products and services by reducing
the wastage and fulfilling the appropriate target.
16

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P5) Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives.
The operational management plays the key role so that the overall growth of the organization is
achieved. The main importance is to make the high quality of products so that the needs and the
wants of customers can be satisfied (Drescher, et. al., 2014). This can be done by converting raw
materials into the finished goods which are of the high quality. The qualities in turn will also
help in increasing the effectiveness as well as the efficiency of Toyota. The cars produced by the
Toyota will satisfy the needs if the high quality of products is sold by minimizing the cost so
most of the customers will afford it. With this the use of operation management the resources can
also be utilized in proper manner so that so as to attain high profitability as well as productivity
in the organization and will lead to increase in position at the competitive market.
The various leadership styles can also help in increasing the effectiveness in Toyota as the
Democratic leadership style is used through which the decisions of all the employees are
considered in decision making and the it helps in improvement in current operations of the
organization (Drescher, et. al., 2014). The participative leadership style is also used so that so
that all the team members can be encourage participating in team and the views of all can be
considered to derive the solution. The transformation leadership style will help in transforming
the positive changes to the valuable changes among the employees so that their contribution can
be valuable to the organization.
The financial needs of the employees are also to be taken care of by the leaders with the use of
operational management. The Toyota plc aims to achieve the overall objective by controlling and
managing the cost so that the better and the valuable outcomes can be achieved and the
objectives of the organization can be maintained (Go2Hr, 2018). The production department
takes care that all the activities which are related to the production are going effectively so that
the sustainability can be attained in long run and better position can be attained of the workplace
in the competitive market.
17

M3) Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational
management to successfully meet business objectives.
The managers and leaders can easily achieve or improve the efficiencies and can also attain the
organizational goals with the use of various approaches such as total quality management, six
sigma and just in time (Drescher, et. al., 2014). By using these approaches the leaders lays more
focus on the resolving the issues of the employees so that they can get motivated and helps in
achievement of better results and outcomes. The wastage is also reduced by properly utilizing the
resources which in turn helps in increasing the profitability of the business. The quality of
service is also ensured by the managers through proper evaluation and analysis of the goods and
services. Thus, these all in turn will maintain the effectiveness so that the targets can be fulfilled
and the success can be achieved (Drescher, et. al., 2014).
18

P6) Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers.
The factors that may impact the Toyota is the ethics, values and the norms as Toyota is the
manufacturing company so it is necessary for the organization to maintain all the aspects to
attain position (Badshah, 2012). With this it is also necessary for them to maintain the proper
relationship with the customers so that the sustainability can be attained. The innovation is one of
the strategies that is adopted by Toyota so that the growth can be achieved by providing the
innovative products than its competitor. The corporate social responsibility is also considered by
the Toyota so as to enhance the goodwill of the firm. To deal with the sustainability issues
various policies and the plans are prepared as well as adopted so that the overall success can be
achieved and the benefit of the society can also be maintained in the market (Badshah, 2012).
The leader aims to motivate the employees by communicating the entire factor and the policies
to each and every employee of the organization and encouraging them to achieve the
productivity as well as the profitability of the firm.
It is the major responsibility of the managers and the leaders to take into consideration all the
factors while making the policies so that the proper decision making can be done and
performance of the employees can be enhanced (Cliffs Notes, 2017). The plans and the policies
are also developed by the management of the Toyota so that the goals and the objectives of the
organization can be achieved. To improve the market share the employees should be better
trained about the policies and the various other factors so that effectiveness and the efficiency
can be achieved in the decision making process of the organization. The total quality
management helps in ensuring that the high quality is maintained in the products manufactured
by Toyota. The availability of the resources are the other factors that may impact the decision
making process in which if the fewer resources are available so the strategies should be planned
so that the proper utilization of these factors can be done and the growth can be achieved (Cliffs
Notes, 2017).
19

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M4) Analyze how these different factors affect the business environment and wider
community.
 The high focus should be laid on the corporate social responsibility by the managers of
Toyota so that the goodwill can be enhanced and the image in the competitive market can
be increased (Changing Minds, 2018).
 The products and services designed by Toyota should be according to the norms, values
and the culture of that area so as to fulfill the requirements of the customers.
 The various policies should be developed which includes the sustainability issues so that
the sustainable success can be achieved in the competitive market.
 The activities which help in achievement of the long term goals and the objectives should
be incorporated within the organizational structure and the success can be maintained
(Changing Minds, 2018).
So, these are the factors which may impact the community as well as the business environment
of Toyota which in turn may impact the profitability margin of the firm in market.
20

D2) Critically evaluate application of operations management and factors that impact on
the wider business environment.
The application of the operational management will help- in enhancement of the quality by
reducing the wastage and producing the products which helps in maintaining the high quality of
standards. This in turn will also help in increasing the sales of cars of Toyota so that the overall
profits can be increase (Badshah, 2012). With this the proper utilization of the resources will also
be done in the effective manner. The long term sustainability in the market can be maintained
through the use of total quality management and the six sigma approaches (Badshah, 2012).
21

Conclusion
It can be analyzed that the managers and the leaders plays the crucial roles so that the objectives
and the goals of the organization can be set which will assist in the overall performance of the
organization by providing the right path. The managers have the skills through which the issues
of the employees can easily be tackled in effective manner. The Toyota plc produces the
products by considering the ethical norms so that the requirements of the customers can be
fulfilled and also provides the goods by managing the appropriate amount of cost. The various
methods and the approaches are used by the leaders so as to improve the efficiency level which
in turn helps in managing the operational level of business. So, the overall report provides the
insight that how the managers deals with overall operation of the organization.
22

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References
 Badshah, S., 2012. Historical study of leadership theories. Journal of Strategic Human
Resource Management, 1(1), p.49.
 Changing Minds, 2018. Leadership theories. [Online]. Changing Minds. Available at:
http://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/theories/leadership_theories.htm.
[Accessed On 31 July 2018]
 Cliffs Notes, 2017. Situational Approaches to leadership. [Online]. Cliffs Notes.
Available at: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-of-management/
leadership-and-management/situational-approaches-to-leadership. [Accessed On 31 July
2018]
 Drescher, M.A., Korsgaard, M.A., Welpe, I.M., Picot, A. and Wigand, R.T., 2014. The
dynamics of shared leadership: Building trust and enhancing performance. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 99(5), p.771.
 Go2Hr, 2018. Understanding the Differences: Leadership vs. Management. [Online].
Go2Hr. Available at: https://www.go2hr.ca/management-leadership/understanding-the-
differences-leadership-vs-management. [Accessed On 31 July 2018]
 Johnson, R., 2018. 5 Different Types of Leadership Styles. [Online]. Chron. Available at:
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-different-types-leadership-styles-17584.html.
[Accessed On 31 July 2018]
 Kirchner, J.E., Parker, L.E., Bonner, L.M., Fickel, J.J., Yano, E.M. and Ritchie, M.J.,
2012. Roles of managers, frontline staff and local champions, in implementing quality
improvement: stakeholders' perspectives. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice,
18(1), pp.63-69.
 Lilian, S.C., 2014. Virtual teams: Opportunities and challenges for e-leaders. Procedia-
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, pp.1251-1261.
 Schuh, S.C., Bark, A.S.H., Van Quaquebeke, N., Hossiep, R., Frieg, P. and Van Dick, R.,
2014. Gender differences in leadership role occupancy: The mediating role of power
motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 120(3), pp.363-379.
 Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016. Research methods for business: A skill building
approach. John Wiley & Sons.
23

 Technofunc, 2018. Application of Situational Leadership Theory. [Online]. Technofunc.
Available at: http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/leadership-skills-2/leadership-
theories/item/practical-application-of-situational-leadership-theory. [Accessed On 31 July
2018]
 Yukl, G., 2012. Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need
more attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), pp.66-85.
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