Leadership and Management: Concepts, Theories, and Roles in Enhancing Organisational Competency

Leadership and
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
Part A: Comprehensive report on Leadership and Concepts of Management.................................1
1 . Evaluation of Management and Leadership concepts.......................................................1
2 . Evaluation of the Roles of Leadership and Management in Enhancing Organisational
Competency............................................................................................................................4
Part B: Evaluation/Analysis of Management and Leadership Skills...............................................7
1 . Introduction of Chosen Profession/Industry/Sector..........................................................7
2 . Identification and Critical Evaluation of Leadership and Management Skill Required in
Retail Sector...........................................................................................................................8
3 . self-evaluation on your own leadership behaviour (style) and skills based on the outcomes
of self-assessment instruments provided during your weekly lecturers...............................10
4 strengths and weaknesses across a range of interpersonal and intra-personal skills relevant to
your target profession/industry/sector..................................................................................11
Part – C – Areas of Improvement..................................................................................................12
1 . Using the template titled “Self- Analysis”......................................................................12
2 . Personal Development Plan” areas for leadership development ....................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................18
Appendix:.......................................................................................................................................20

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management both are connected with each other and both of them plays
very important roles in an organization. It means when people or employees have any good
leader then they get proper guidance and right direction. This creates easy understanding for
them what is right and what is wrong. Leadership also helps to understand what is management
and how to manage the work and other activities according to time. That is why management is
important for leader because without proper management ideas leader are not able to do work as
a team. But the main difference between leadership and management are – In leadership leader
manage the particular department or team. But management refers to maintaining whole
organization activities. The other important quality of leader and management is to listen the
problems of their employees carefully. Then provide proper solutions for their problems because
when they provide solution timely, then only they accepted individual as leader. Proper
understanding of employees problems created positive impact for increasing their productivity
and work efficiency. With the help of effective leadership and management activities are
organized in a proper structure. Organising activities in a proper structure always give positive
output in any type of work. Positive output is essential for any organization because without
good result their reputation, position and profit are not easily maintained. Leadership is essential
for creating passion and interest in the minds of people regarding their work. Because without
passion they did not do the work effectively and in proper way.
Part A: Comprehensive report on Leadership and Concepts of Management
1. Evaluation of Management and Leadership concepts
Leadership
It refers to ability of one individual or group of individuals which helped to influence and
guide their followers and other members of an organization. Activities which are included in
leadership are teamwork, volunteering, organizing, maintaining good behaviour with others and
so on (Chandler, 2018). Those individuals who presented these leadership qualities in business
they gain the senior executive management positions. Positions such as chief executive officer,
chief information officer and so on. Good leader always tried to motivate their team members for
increase their productivity and work efficiency in work. The main focus in leadership is to
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analysing the behaviour and attitude of leader by other employees in organization. Because for
leader good behaviour and attitude towards others are necessary for maintaining good
relationship.
Theories of leadership
For fulfilling the promises and completing activities as a leader proper understanding of
leadership theory is important for him. Because without proper leadership individual are not able
to manage their team members and work easily (Leadership in Action Peter Hartung, 2020). The
elements which are includes in this theory are as follows:
 Behavioural theory: This theory is focuses on in which manner leaders behave with other
people. The other name of this theory is style theory and it is also based on linear
behaviour of leader. In this theory good behaviour help leader to maintain the unity,
coordination and communications effectively with others. In this theory various styles of
leadership are included such as task oriented, people oriented , country club, dictatorial
leaders and so on.
 Contingency theory: This theory is also known as situational theory. It is mostly focused
on situations which was handled which was handled by leader. It is necessary for leader
that they are ready to handle any type of situation. Because situation is a type of case
study and challenging part for leader (Almohtaseb and et. al., 2021). According to
situation leader are responsible for prepare a proper solution.
 Participative theory: This theory is also called democratic leadership theory. It is mostly
focused on high participation of employees in various activities of organization. For
engaging employees leader are responsible for motivating them. And if leader take any
type of decisions which is directly support employees, this leads to productivity of
employees. In this theory leader also gives simple conversion to their employees for their
motivation. Which leads to receive feedback from employees in form of new ideas.
 Management Theory: This theory is also called transactional leadership theory. It is
mainly focused on supervising, organization and group performance. It also referred to
the system of giving rewards and punishment to employees regularly in business.
Rewards are given by managers to employee when he done job successfully (Oh and
Chua, 2018). And punishment is given to employees by manager when he do any wrong
and illegal activities.
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 Relationship theory: This theory is mainly concerned with interaction or relation
between leader and employees. Because in this theory leaders are like a mentors for them,
as a mentor leaders are responsible for scheduling time foe talking with employees. As a
leader he must provide proper guidance and knowledge about their work. These type of
leaders are highly focused on making their work enjoyable and also maintain the positive
work environment and good effective behaviour are also important for maintaining good
relation effectively (Nieuwboer And et. al., 2019). Relationship-oriented managers also
received better output from employees.
Management
Management refers to directing and controlling group of people or an organization. It is a
very important part for organization which helped to achieve organizations goals, vision and
mission. It also refers to collection of ideas that are used by the management authority for
managing an business. In management theory various rules and regulations are established by
authority. And these rules and regulations are helpful for maintaining discipline, work,
operational activities and departmental functions in organizations (Hartinah and et. al., 2020). It
is also important for maintaining proper time management for completing all activities in time in
organization. In management proper coordination and communication is most important between
people. Because without proper communication information are not shared in time and due to
improper communication task not completed.
Theories of management
In management activities of whole organization are considered. For monitoring,
implementing and organising proper and effective management system are important. Without
proper management departmental functions are not maintained properly and outputs are
produced in negative way. The elements which are essential for management theory are -
 Scientific management theory: In this theory management mostly focused on scientific
methods which is used to perform task properly in work place. It includes standardisation
of work, simplification, scientific study of work and so on. Employee hard work is the
other important in this theory. And without applying hard work and scientific method
work efficiency are not increased and received negative output.
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 Principles of administrative management theory: In this theory are mainly focused on
quality of leader and six main functions such as initiative, equity, remuneration of
personnel, unity of direction, discipline and division of work(Rowley and Oh, 2020). In
administrative management combination of these elements are important to run
organization smoothly. Leader have more responsibility to maintain all these elements
properly for managing the functionalities of team.
 Bureaucratic management theory: This theory is mainly concerned on structuring
organization in a hierarchy manner. It includes chain of command, clear division of
labour, strict rules and regulations, separation of personnel and company's assets and so
on (Bennis and Thomas, 2020). This theory play a key role for implementing proper
standards and procedures in organization.
 System management theory: This theory is mostly focus on maintaining multiple
functions consistently or smoothly of the various departments. Because when leaders
maintain the work of various department systematically, then only task are completed in a
proper way. It is also important for manage the employees with correct coordination and
communication.
2. Evaluation of the Roles of Leadership and Management in Enhancing Organisational
Competency
Management and leadership plays very important roles in developing and shaping an
organisation through their effective and efficient working in formation of plans, policies,
missions and visions. Leaders and management are somehow similar but they perform various
roles in achieving overall optimisation of work and accomplish goals of organisation. Various
roles of leaders and management are given below which helps in garnering organisational
competency.
Roles of Leadership
 Creation of Mission, Vision and Leading role: The foremost and vital role of a leader is
to crate a vision and mission that should inspire working of individuals. Good leaders
generate and establish great values among themselves as well as among the others
(Sahibzada and et. al., 2021). Through this way a leader is able to lead everyone in their
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