Employee Motivation Theories and Practices

This assignment delves into the realm of employee motivation, examining historical perspectives, prominent theories like McGregor's Theory X/Y and Self-Determination Theory, and their practical implications. It analyzes how motivational strategies influence job performance and explores contemporary approaches to fostering a motivated workforce within educational and non-profit settings.

Managing people in
Organisations

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1. Recruitment and selection process followed by HARRODS emphasising on the purpose
and content of job advertisements, job descriptions and person specifications.....................1
2. Motivation theories relevant to HARRODS and their application.....................................5
3.Identify factors which influence an individual’s behavior..................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management of people within organisation is analysed as most complex activity which is
performed by employers and managers for effective regulations of business operations.
Involvement of employees determines the commitment and contributions of employees that will
serve for the benefits of business enterprise (Cascio, 2018). Dedication and involvement of
skilled employees describe their loyalty towards the organisation. Human resource department
in every business enterprise is considered driving force for these type of employees as it
provided them comfortable environment and motivation within organisation. Present reports is
based on analysis of HARRODS limited which luxurious fashion retail store in UK, having more
3500 agencies and employee strength of around 4000 and concession employees. In this report,
procedure of recruitment and selection which is followed by management of HARRODS is taken
in to consideration for making a critical analysis of its effectiveness which is emphasised upon
the purpose and content of job advertisement, description and person specification. Along with
this, there Herzberg two factor theory, Adam's equity and McGregor X and Y motivational
theories are also discussed along with their application in context of HARRODS. At last, the
reports will also provide an understanding about the challenges which are faced by retaining
employees at workplace is also discussed in this report.
1. Recruitment and selection process followed by HARRODS emphasising on the purpose and
content of job advertisements, job descriptions and person specifications
Human resource management is analysed as an important process of providing values and
developing people at work. It covers all the aspects of developing employees such as recruitment
and selection as well as performance and development. Human resource planning demonstrates
employees needed by the organisation to achieve their objectives (Bush and Middlewood, 2013).
As per the given scenario, new owners of Harrods are strongly committed towards development
of employees. They have analysed that employees are essential for continuous success of
organisation. Management is now more focused towards hiring qualified employees at workplace
and providing them opportunities to excel at workplace. Moreover, human resource planning is
an integral part of business planning which is focused on the specific areas of activity within
Harrods where essential forecasts of future requirements of employees as well as their skills and
capabilities are available. In case of Harrods, it has been conducted for long term when they
consider new products to be introduced in the store which requires new types of skills and
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capabilities for sales. For hiring qualified employees at workplace, it is essential for the
organisation to apply effective business measures which are required to achieve success.
Further. Statistics of organisation have indicated that they need to take action for
improvement of employee engagement and decrease its employee turnover. Earlier HR managers
in organisation was not focused on participation of employees at workplace. Procedure which is
followed organisation was not less effective in Hiring qualified and potential employees at
workplace. Recruitment is the process of attracting potential candidate for actual and anticipated
organisational vacancies by using effective internal and external sources (Kehoe and Wright,
2013). In HARRODS, Human resource's department have responsibilities to identify the
requirements of employees in different department. For analysis of requirements, HR managers
communicates with managers in different to gain information about vacant position from
managerial level to operational level.
After recognising vacancies, managers to decide the ways through which they can attract more
and more employees at workplace. In HARRODS, managers usually make use of both internal
and external process of recruitment for attracting potential candidates to apply for job
(Flamholtz, 2012). These important methods are promotion, job enrichment, transfer, Newspaper
advertisements, Magazines and Walk in candidates etc. Further, Job advertisements is also part
of their recruitment procedure which implies to electronic notification for hiring employees to
performance work on specific job position at company. Managers in Harrrods use job
advertisements to request applicants from the public. Mainly it uses sections that provides
overview of important information about the job. For getting Qualified pool of applicants to
make an appropriate selection of candidates, managers always make efforts to develop an
effective job advertisements which job title, job description and specification, pay and benefits
and qualifications etc.
Job description is most important part of recruitment process in HARRODS, which is
developed HR managers for each vacant job position to determine the general tasks or duties and
responsibilities need to be performed by candidates (Brown and Capozza, 2016). In this,
managers always specify the functionary to whom the position reports, specifications such as
qualifications or skills required by person in job and range of salary. For hiring qualified
candidates, it is essential to organisation to provide clear information about job responsibilities
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and qualification requires so that only potential candidates will apply for job. For example: For
recruitment of employees at managerial level, employers always have requirement of candidate
having 5 years of experiences , at middle level they have requirement of candidate having 2
years of experience in the field of work, whereas fresher candidates are also recruited by
organisation at operational in different departments.
After getting applications from candidates, managers needs to provide relevant
information in advertisement. Moreover, HARRODS needs to provide their on Job sites,
company websites, social media and effective candidates so that they can direct influence the
candidates to apply for job positions. For example : if employers needs to Hire store manager,
then they their advertisement will involve information like Location, compensation and extra
benefits clothing discounts, working environment etc. Information about organisation must be
their job advertisement for example “ HARRODS is one of the UK's leading contemporary
brands- selling Edgy, fashion -forward designs that which are always one step ahead of the
trends. The brands focus on funky yet the sophisticated fashion for distinguished youth, always
creating fresh new looks and a keen sense of style (Wery and Thomson, 2013). It must contain
information about the skills which are required in candidate for store manager such as :
minimum two years of experience in management role, strong internet personal and selling
skills, excellent customer's service and rapport building skills, good people management skills,
Hands on leadership skills and hands energy and a passion for industry etc.
Selection process starts after ending of recruitment in which screening of candidates is
done by managers on the basis of results of written test. Further, investigation related to
background of candidates is done by managers to analyse their behaviour and performance in
previous organisation and if they found correct then they offer job to selected candidates.
Critical analysis of this procedure has provided understand that there are some changes
that needs to be done by organization for Hiring potential candidates and providing them training
performing the job effectively. It is essential for managers to analyse the requirement of
important steps that will improve their process of Hiring candidates (Drucker, 2013). While
selection of methods for recruitment, they need to apply some new methods through which they
will attract applicants such as Consultancy firms, Job sites, company websites and campus
recruitment etc. By providing job advertisement on commercial job websites, managers will be
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able to get more and more applicants from different countries. In present context, candidates are
more focused towards finding jobs on these websites because they will get better options and
suitable job position as per their requirements.
Moreover, it is also beneficial for HARRODS to apply this method because it aids
managers to select potential and experienced candidates. All information related to candidates
are provided by job websites. Through this, employers can direct communicate with candidates
and influence them to apply for job. In Selection process, managers needs to add some more
steps which are essential for screening of applicants. Behavioural and challenging interviews
must be organized by for candidates in which they challenge or some important tasks will be
provided for measurement of their skills, knowledge and abilities to resolve the problems
(Brewster and et.al., 2016). It is important for managers to analyse the behaviour of recruited
candidates in order to ensure their motivation level towards job. Through this, organisation will
be able to make selection of potential candidates. Moreover, employers can also take online
interviews from candidate from countries which will also saves their time and efforts.
It is also essential for HARRODS that their process of recruitment and selection is based
purpose and content of job Advertisement, job description and job specification. The main
purpose of Job advertisement is to attract the candidates to apply for job position in organisation
through determination of information about the job title, duties, compensation and qualifications
required to perform the job (Daley, 2012). Advertisement must contains a Human resource
management is analysed important process of providing values and developing people at work. It
covers all the aspects of developing employees such as recruitment and selection, performance
and development. Human resource planning demonstrate the employees needed by the
organisation to achieve their objectives. As per the given scenario, new owners are HARRODS
are strongly committed towards development of employees. They have analysed that employees
are essential for the continuous success of organisation.
Moreover, there effective methods are needed to be applied by managers to recruit
employees at workplace. They also need to hire employees which posses an experience of
working on same job position in different organisation. In present job description, managers to
provide specific information about the task that needs to be performed by employees. For
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example: Job description of sales and marketing managers in HARRODS involves role and
responsibilities like
 Analysis of data to day sales, monitoring and forecasting to better understand the market.
 Continuous assessment of marketing techniques and their efficacy in affecting sales.
 Staying up to date on current market trends etc.
 Working collaboratively with the sales team in order to access the current projections etc.
 Collaborate with the marketing team to innovation reach more potential customers etc.
Further, organization also needs to provide personal specification in their job
advertisement which helps them in getting applications of suitable candidates (Alshmemri,
Shahwan-Akl and Maude, 2017). For example: person specification for the post of marketing
managers in HARRODS involves requirements and qualifications like bachelor's degree in
business and related field, 5 years of experience in management in a corporate setting,
knowledge current industry standards and best practices and exceptional communication and
presentation skills etc. Thus, it can be said that this improvement in recruitment and selection
will enable the management to Hire qualified candidates and achievement of success in business
operations.
2. Motivation theories relevant to HARRODS and their application.
Motivation is one of the most important part to improve internal management and
improve employees carrying into action in organization. Human resource administration in
HARRODS denote and use the psychological feature theory in terms of the expiation of the
individualized needs and responsibility of the individuals. Some personal need to improve
motivational of each and every worker in structure (Bolman, 2017). The human resource
managers in HARRODS identify the rewards provided to the employees as financial and non
financial rewards. As the non-financial rewards, the worker in HARRODS are included in the
determination devising process, allowed to complete a various type of tasks to change to the
team and is allowed for natural event.
This theory is based on analysis of motivation of employees in HARRODS limited which
can also gets affected by two important factors which are stated by Herzberg in this motivation
theory. These factors will tend to decrease performance level of employees in organization.
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The human resource pull off in HARRODS identify the rewards provided to the worker
as financial and non financial rewards. As the non-financial rewards, the worker in HARRODS
are included in the determination devising process, allowed to complete a various type of tasks to
lend to the team and is permit for movement. On the other hand, motivation theory to be used
inside organization.
Herzberg Two factor theory :- In this theory is to be focus on job satisfaction,
achievement and opportunities for growth and advancement. All such kind of factor is to be
inculcated and manage employees inside internal on the job state of affairs (Renz, 2016). There
are some factor is give satisfaction and other factor is give dissatisfaction of the job. The two
most important factors are as follows :-
 Hygiene factor :- In this factor motivation in work place are essential for each and every
employees. This factor is adequate for the job and manage work and responsibility,
specify job each and every employees, It is give positive aspect and remove the level of
dissatisfaction level or fulfill need and wants of each and every employees (Cascio,
2018). It may be focus on pay, compensation benefit, physical working condition and job
securities. All such kind of factor is to be inculcated or most important to provide all such
kind of useful for employees. Motivational factor:-In motivational factor is manage work and give positive
satisfaction of each and every organization member or can employees. The factors are
help to motivate the employees in a superior carrying into action and negotiation work.
All such kind of factor is focus on acting of job of every worker in working state of
affairs.
Adams equity theory :- In Adams equity theory is focal point on workplace and behavioral
physiological factor. This is help employees to maintained equity between the input that is useful
for job activity and out put that is received form the precised for input. This kind of theory is
help to build the belief, that is help to employee become motivated for job and remove of de
motivated activity inside system (Clegg, 2015). Leader is use such kind of motivational factor
that is help to manage work or remove extra effort, comely disgruntled, or, in more than
uttermost cases, possibly even riotous.
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According to Deci and Ryan, ( 2012), appropriate level of employee's performance
always ensure progressive attitudes of the organization. In HARRODS, human resource's
department is playing an important role in recruitment, motivation and retaining skilled
employees that can be beneficial for the organization. It is important human resources managers
to ensure that motivational factors that will increase the performance level of employees and
provide them a comfortable scenario in organization. As per the case study, Human resource's
management of HARRODS has analyzed some important for motivating its employees and
retaining them in the future.
McGregor's theory “X” and Y : While focusing on employee's motivation aspect, Douglas
McGregor has introduced this theory which is based on analysis of motivation of two type of
people in organization. Application of theory is focus on analysis of likes and dislikes of workers
while they have been working within an organization (Latham, 2012). In these cases, HRM
needs to focus on requirements of workers and managers should monitor employee's
performance more frequently. From the theoretical perspective, it can be stated that managers of
theory X provide rewards to employees or even can also give punishment for mistakes.
On the other hand, managers in theory Y are more focused towards providing workers a
comfortable scenario that will carry out efficiency in their level of performance. Moreover, the
workers are considered as important assets of HARRODS therefore it is important to provide
them effective work environment in order to bring efficiency to their performance level. As per
the view of Ng and Williams, (2012), providing employees comfortable scenario is even more
effective and enough to retain them future prospects. Lawter, Kopelman and Prottas, (2015), also
implies that the workers in HARRODS get motivation from both mental and physical works.
Moreover, if the workers in organization feel the significance of the in existence withing
business enterprise, it assists them in motivating and gaining better performance attributes.
Further, the explanation of motivation theories is interlinked with factors of employee
participation and involvement. As per theory, different people in organization will get motivation
from different type of benefits. Therefore, sometimes it is every difficult for managers in
HARRODS to fulfill demands of employees as per their concern. However, the proper
motivation aspect would be important enough in fulfillment their requirements and engaging
them in to the activities of organization. From the organization point of view, it is important
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managers in HARRODS to analyze the requirement of their employees and provide them chance
to give performance in organization. Managers needs to develop an effective relation with its
employees so that they will be able to analyze their needs. Further, training session are need to
be organized by managers which help in increasing efficiency of employees at workplace.
Moreover, it is assumed that if organization human resource management in HARRODS can
provide workers enough motivation, then they will be interested to stay in organization and carry
out their effective performance abilities and skills (Dobre, 2013). As per the case, human
resource management of HARRODS is conducting independent communication session in order
to communicate with them and getting their reviews or feedback. During these sessions,
employee will have the right to raise its concern related to improvement in work environment,
determine challenges which are faced by them at workplace (Mohamed and Nor, 2013). Senior
management of HARRODS should set the foundation where the talent of newly recruited
workers can also be analyzed. Moreover, evaluation of these type of events is quite interesting
and encouraging for workers which provided their contribution in the form of skilled
performance for accomplishment of organization goals. Moreover, the retail head in HARRODS
in will meet them once in a month. At that time, employee will be free to determine their
problems about any of the important business concerns. Moreover, the participation of
employees during the organizational decision making process is also helpful for engagement of
employee for the future important business prospects. However, it can be said that these theories
will help the managers in organization to increase motivation level of employees at workplace.
3.Identify factors which influence an individual’s behavior
In this context, is to be focus on identification of factor, which is give direct impact on
behavior of each and every employees in impermanent state of affairs. There are certain factors
which is used in internal organization. Human resource administrative division is focal point on
handle any situation which is used or modification as per need of overall development in worker
and improve productivity in organization. However, the ground behind the surcease of employ in
Harrods is chiefly when worker are found active in any kind of larceny or stay absent endlessly
without prior info to the Floor Director and in case the worker is not able enough as anticipate.
The human resource management is to be focus on each and every activity, which is used in
overall development and increase market share. This is give some positive impact and
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improvement in future improvement. There are some factor is to be used in overall development
of each and every worker in structure.
 Personal factor: In personal factor is to be focus on internal qualities which the human
beings are born with. These are the diagnostic which cannot be denatured at the least,
these can be refined to some degree. Some age, characteristic, gender, religions and
martial statues. The understanding for high bulk can be that erstwhile the female have to
quit their chore or change into part-time jobs to look after the children and their homes.
All such kind of factor is giver direct impact of personal factor and overall development
in securities industry share. This is brought off work or improve productivity inside
organization.
 Race and culture: This are the most important factor which can be easily influence the
individual behaviour that is race and culture. Race is a team of person sharing same
physical characteristic. It is utilised to define kinds of individual as per perception of
characteristics and abilities(Mearns and Cooper, 2017). For instance, in each and every
organisation there is diversity culture which gives various people are belongs to different
culture and race will give challenges to the organisation for managing business from
inside. Therefore, the race and culture have all the time exerted a significant determinant
for Harrods at their workplace also in the market. The general error which was the
attributing behavior and stereotyping as per the individual race and culture essentially
influence the individual behavior. The new structure is flatter with employees taking on
more responsibilities. This
enables job enrichment, providing opportunities for an employee to take on further
responsibilities to
Enhance their job satisfaction. The management and also the employees required to focus on
learning and accept various culture, values and general protocol to create more effective
organization culture. For instance, Harrods required to bring an effective management for their
employee to engage in such culture and various people who belong to the other race and cultures.
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 Perception: It is view point of each and every worker in administration. It is process by
which information is to be enter in our minds and mental representation of information is
help to changes behaviour context of individual person and come through work or modify
overall improvement in work place.
 Attitude: Mental attitude is just like perception but with a framework of reference. It is a
inclination to act in a certain way, either favourably or unfavourably concerning objects,
group or psychological feature. There are certain factors which is used in internal
organization to know the employee attitude towards the firm need to changes due to
change of leadership because it is important for the organisation to focus on effective
development with the help of changing individual behaviour. It is important for the
organisation to make and effective development of the firm which could be most
reflected the attitude from an employee.
Diversity in the organisations which can be Using the various workforce and the firm HR
utilizes distinctive strategies for inclination and imaginative musings which are adaptable for the
organization to build the request of the item in the market. Decent variety at work environment
would move representatives to give their best to accomplish the goal of the organization.
Actualizing distinctive decent variety courses to group the workers for the advantage of the
organization(Hodges, 2016). Execution administration is to quantify the particular execution of
the individual representative and give focuses to accomplish which would hep in better execution
of the organization. HRM is in charge of the better quality of the organization and make diverse
procedures to enhance the budgetary status of the organization. Examination to survey the
execution of representatives in an association and to see real execution decreasing shortcoming
in the organization. All such kind of factor is help to remove influence an individual’s behaviour
in working state of affairs. Human resources' department is focus on all such kind of activity.
There are certain factors which will enable cooperation in the organisation which will
help to bring a development in the organisations. It is important for the firm to motivate each and
every employee which could be work for the firm and contribute in the organisation development
as well growth. There certain factor that are identified for contributing to enable the cooperation
in the organisation such as follows:
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People: This can be the most important factor which can be bring an effective cooperation in the
organisations which are not able to work together with their employees or the person who have
various characteristics which can be perform different task in the organisation but sometime
these employees are not able to cooperated with anyone who is working in an group for same
objective and goals of the organisations.
Vision: These will bring an impressive effect the individual which is able to accomplish the firm
vision and goals that require cooperating and contribution of each and every individual who are
the part of the firm. If the employees are not able to work with the interest of the firm that can be
affect to the firm performance.
Trust: These is also a factor which will enable the cooperation in the organisation which will
help to make and negative response to make a development if the trust is not on the employees as
well form firm which will create a huge gap will make an organisation environment in not
effective situation.
Time: The firm require to give each and every activity on the basis of given time that can be
completed with the help of employees management and provide better chance of growth if all the
task can be done with the assistance of team in a set deadline.
Planning: This is another factor which will enable the cooperation in the organisation due to
poor planing from the top management brings a critical situation in the working environment and
employees will never cooperate with each other due to confusing condition may arise. So it is
important for the organisation to make and effective development in the firm with the help of
planning.
Communication: In each and every business this is the most important factor which can be
enable to effective cooperation and coordination in the organisation. To build a healthy
relationship among the employees this is the most prominent manner which require
communicating with the people to get a better response in the work(Rodríguez-Carvajal, 2014).
So, if the firm will improve their communication with the employees there is possibility to get a
coordination and work together with the help of communication.
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Learning together: This is another factor which is enabled for effective cooperation which will
create the best possible learning from the people who are able to do a more and more learning
which has been help to achieve the firm objectives.
Decision making: It is also one of the factor which will enable to cooperate with each and
effectively working but due to poor decision making from the top management will create a
situation of not able to cooperate with the management.
Technology: These are another factor which will enable the effective cooperation if the
employee don't have proper knowledge about the equipment used for the various process and
operation can be issues for the worker(Terkel, 2011).
Collaboration: Harrods enables the interest of representatives to raise the chance to their
conclusions, and to share the thoughts which could help in the cooperation at work environment.
It urges the group to accomplish the primary goal of the organization. Every person in Harrods
give their perspectives which qualities to the project. Execution of the organization absolutely
relies upon the inclusion of worker with the various division and HR.
Interior Resources: utilizing the technique for the inclusion of the work force in the basic
leadership would prompt rather expand the outsources yet in addition spares time and offers the
association a solid help for participation with the human resource management of the
organization. In the event that Harrods is enlisting the advisors for the imaginative thoughts or
proposals then this would be costly for the firm(Bush and Middlewood, 2013). Expert will
likewise set aside the significant charges and time for the basic leadership to lessen this
misfortune Harrods would ideally view their own worker as engaged with the basic leadership.
Because of reasonable treatment of the workers the Harrods would profit the equivalents rights to
the representative's so the would keep up the laws of enactment for the representatives concern.
So it is important for the organisation to give effective situation.
The individual behaviour affect performance of the organisation which will help to manage by
certain element such as organisation culture required to improve and leadership of the firm will
be more effective in the organisation which can help to achieve objectives of the firm.
From the effective finding it can be Recommended to the HARRODS such as follows:
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 If the organization will use the proper performance management techniques for
employees will give positive response from them judge better way as per that only salary
and wages can be determine.
 It is important for the organization to organized certain employee engagement activity for
the worker so that performance.
 The reward and recognition require giving appropriate to the employees which will help
to motivate employees in the organizations.
 Human resource managements need to focus on various policies which would be helpful
to improve the firms' performance and managing easily.
CONCLUSION
From the report managing people in organisations it can be easily concluded the
fundamental reason for Job ad is to draw in the possibility to apply for work position in
association through assurance of data about the activity title, obligations, pay and capabilities
required to play out the activity and Job portrayal is most critical piece of enlistment process in
HARRODS, which is produced HR directors for each empty activity position to decide the
general errands or obligations and duties should be performed by applicants. HR directors to
guarantee that motivational variables that will expand the execution level of representatives and
give them an agreeable situation in association. Adams value hypothesis is point of convergence
on working environment and behavioral physiological factor. This is help representatives to kept
up value between the information that is valuable for work movement and out put that is gotten
shape the precised for input. The ground behind the surcease of utilize in Harrods is mostly when
laborer are discovered dynamic in any sort of robbery or remain truant perpetually without
earlier information to the Floor Director and in the event that the specialist isn't sufficiently
capable as foresee. The general blunder which was the ascribing conduct and stereotyping
according to the individual race and culture basically impact the individual conduct. The new
structure is compliment with representatives going up against more obligations. This empowers
work enhancement, giving chances to a worker to go up against facilitate duties to Improve their
activity fulfillment This factor is sufficient for the activity and oversee work and duty, indicate
work every single representatives, It is give positive perspective and evacuate the level of
disappointment level or satisfy need and needs of every last representatives.
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