Lean Construction Implementation Challenges

This assignment delves into the challenges faced by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in adopting lean construction principles within the UK construction industry. Drawing upon scholarly articles and industry data, it examines the factors hindering the successful implementation of lean methodologies. The analysis covers diverse aspects such as management practices, worker perceptions, and the influence of traditional construction norms.

Critical Literature
Review and
Methodology

TABLE OF CONTENT
TASK A...........................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1
TASK B...........................................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................2
Trend of UK construction industry.............................................................................................2
Several factors which may cause delay in construction projects................................................3
Impact of construction project delay on brand image of construction enterprises......................5
Relationship between project delays and brand image in the construction industry of UK.......6
TASK C...........................................................................................................................................7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY................................................................................................7
Research approach......................................................................................................................7
Research philosophy...................................................................................................................7
Research design...........................................................................................................................8
Data collection............................................................................................................................8
Sampling.....................................................................................................................................9
Data analysis...............................................................................................................................9
Ethical consideration.................................................................................................................10
Research limitations..................................................................................................................10
TASK D.........................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCE LIST..................................................................................................................12

TASK A
INTRODUCTION
It is mainly in accordance to the prevalent industry of construction in UK where it is
continually foreseen as an evolving sector. It is also due to its high level of contribution in the
GDP rate of the nation where this particular industry is evident to employ more than 2.2 million
individuals of UK. This has in turn made a spectacular contribution in intensifying both
profitable and developmental growth of the nation with a raised state of employment (Ball,
2014). It is also in context to yet another factual statistics of construction industries in UK where
presently there exists more than 192000 ventures of construction. It is with a transcribed order of
£18.7 billion in the fiscal year of 2009 that has been received by the private construction
organisations of Great Britain. Wherein, the public sector organisations in this analogous sector
has acquired the projects of worth £15.1 billion (Ameon group Ltd., 2016). However, the leading
projects that are mainly being handled by the construction industries of UK involves Crossrail
and Heathrow airport, etc. It is with a significant matter of concern to accomplish the undertaken
projects at a stipulated period of time so as to maintain the brand image of the organisations in a
pertinent manner.
It is basically due an increasing persuasion of this particular industry where they are
highly demanded by hotel industries, spa, hospitals and educational sectors, etc. It has hereby
showcased an increasing rate of demand where their projects are directly linked with the
satisfaction level of their respective clients and users (Dadhich and et.al., 2015). It thereby gets
essential for the construction industries to timely attain their projects that in turn reflects to be a
greater influential mean for all affiliated organisations with it. Though, on referring to a mere
conception of construction industries, there success if evident in case they are effective in
handling their undertaken projects on time. Wherein, there together exists such varied factors
that atrociously impact upon the projects as a mean of delaying the submission. These factors
involves an ineffective sense of planning with low level coordination and inappropriate
estimation of funds (Gilbert, 2014). It is thus referred to be a crucial measure for the construction
industries where they are hereby required to consider a prior riddance of such inefficient
measures and in turn make a timely submission of their undertaken assignations.
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The current dissertation is carried to determine certain factual reasons of delays in the
construction work and its effect on the overall image of the brand name of the establishment. It is
thence based upon a case study on a renowned construction enterprise named Ameon Group Ltd.
It is one of the leading company of UK in this sector that is officially registered in England and
deals into the projects of sports & leisure, education, commercial & industrial, healthcare,
accommodation in hotels and retail constructions, etc. This company is evident to follow the
registration of ISO 9001: 2008 with assured quality standards that in turn reflects a prior intent of
delivering high quality services to the customers (Khosrowshahi and Arayici, 2012). With
respect to which, they are also convergent to adopt feasible measures of health and safety while
constructing the buildings that are directly related to the prospect of maintaining the health
standards of their workers and customers.
This is with a fundamental sense of using risk free materials for construction like lead
free cements and eco- friendly bricks and mortars, etc. This not only assists them to develop an
advanced sense of fulfilment in their customers by together offers a high level of convenience to
them with a prime fulfilment of their CSR activities. The present dissertation will hereby refer to
shed light upon such pivotal factors that are closely linked with a prior accomplishment of their
project (Kucukvar and Tatari, 2013). Additionally, such elaborated research work will together
aid in develop a vital understanding of the level to which the delayed projects of construction
industries tends to affect the brand image of organisations like Ameon Group Ltd.
TASK B
LITERATURE REVIEW
Trend of UK construction industry
In the present scenario, the construction industry within UK is going through recession
and this has directly resulted in creating obstacles in growth and success of business. As per the
view of Murray and Dainty (2013) even before the exit of UK from European Union, the
industry was facing wide range of issues and challenges. Along with this, the expert in country
also believes that demand of products and services in construction industry is more likely to fall
among businesses and customers in UK. However, Potts and Ankrah (2014) has argued that in
the coming years, the industry is going to boost up again and will overcome the key issues and
challenges which it is presently facing. In context of the recent trend, it can be stated shortage of
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skilled and efficient labour is one of the major obstacles in construction industry of UK. The
rationale behind this is that during recession large number of skilled employee left their jobs and
construction industry. As per the present situation businesses in construction industry are striving
for effective and skilled personnel’s. It can be also argued that shortage of skilled workers not
only lies in terms of lower level and businesses are also facing problem in terms of finding
workers for all level of management. Lack of skilled employees has emerged as key obstacles in
terms of delivering high quality and satisfactory services to customers. As per the view of Sarhan
and Fox (2013) offsite and prefab methods of construction will become more popular in the
coming years. The rationale behind this is that prefab methods supports in saving cost of
operations, time and resources. This will contribute a lot to overall growth and development of
business operating in construction industry. Apart from this, the recent trend also depicts the fact
that in the coming years, businesses or companies in construction industry will become more
selective in terms of picking up a particular project. It can be stated that because of the recession
which has occurred, companies have become very selective and now they are only picking up the
work which they can manage easily. Many big and small projects have been cancelled because of
shortage of labour and therefore companies are still trying to recover from the loss which they
have incurred due to recession. Other than this, the demand of business information modelling is
also going to increase in the construction industry. According to the view point of Sherratt
(2014) the use of or installation of business information modelling provides wide range of
benefits to businesses irrespective of their size and level of operations.
However, Zanni, Soetanto and Ruikar (2014) has critically argued that in the coming
years, the demand of green buildings in sectors such as residential and commercial also tends o
increase at rapid pace. Nowadays, construction industry of UK has started looking forward to
green constructions in both commercial and residential sector. This can become a great
opportunity for businesses operating in this sector in terms of growth and development.
Several factors which may cause delay in construction projects
Delay is defined as an event that results in extending the time period required to
accomplish a targeted set of work as per the conferred statement of Bassi and et.al. (2012). Delay
is together termed as time overrun where an undertaken work is either done beyond the specified
data of completion or has extended the date as per the specified contract and did not met the set
deadline of work with is usually a permitted clause of delay. Wherein, the type of delay in the
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construction industry is referred to be an overrun delay of work where the company often fails to
meet the set deadline of work with a non granted extension of work. However, the delay over
hereby is further categorised in two leading factors known an internal and external reasons of
delay.
Higham, Fortune and James (2015) has hereby enlightened the fact behind both these
circumstance of delays where an intrinsic delay in construction arises from the involved bodies
of the organisation like the contractors, clients and consultants, etc. However, the extrinsic
delays are apparent to take place due to some outer elements that governs the organisational
work that are beyond the control of their administrative bodies as well. This includes the
governmental parties of the marketplace in which the establishment is presently operating their
business along with the martial suppliers, etc.
Killip (2013) has further classified these delays in three different concepts with a
foremost measure of excusable yet non compensable delays that are usually originated by such
events that are dimensional to any of the organisational bodies. Wherein, a compensable delay
exists due to an omitted act of the proprietor as a due negligence of the owner with entire liability
to pay for the same. An inexcusable delay is the one that exists due to a faulty approach of the
contractors and their subordinates like subcontractors or material suppliers, etc.
As per the carried research of Pacheco-Torgal (2014) to analyse some associated factors
of delay in the construction work of residential projects has proven due to some financial
difficulties that often exists a changed order of the proprietor that entirely changes the budgeted
prospect of the contractors. Where time performance is referred to be yet another vital factor that
results in a delayed completion of work. It is therefore important for all respective bodies
associated with such contractual framework of construction projects to disregard an impatience
context of work by together avoiding continual modifications in the proposed plan.
Sarhan and Fox (2013) has however enlightened another substantial fact of delay in such
construction works where it often exists due to many associated factors in which, a single party
cannot be embalmed for the same. A balanced perspective of work is thus recommended over
here where all affiliated bodies like contractors, proprietors and suppliers should collaboratively
work with each other in a cooperative sense of accomplishment. However, another due
negligence is also envisioned over here where many times the outer bodies of the organisations
are reluctant to carry out their work due to some intra-group conflicts among them. This in turn
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make some terrible impact upon the organisations who are directly associated with the business
of construction.
Impact of construction project delay on brand image of construction enterprises
This is context to specify some vital impact of delayed construction work on the brand
image of those establishments that are directly into this industrial sector. With reference to
which, Taroun (2014) has hereby defined it to be a global phenomena that not only affects the
construction industry but in turn impacts upon the entire economic system of the nation. A delay
is however evident to include multiple issues that are often complex in nature and are exigent to
the parties affiliated with the contractual terms of construction.
Tutt and et. al. (2013) has argued that these problems tends to care the entitled bodies to
retrieve the costs for delay. It is with a prime requisition of extending the deadline of an
undertaken project with its eventful allowance for recovering applicable reimbursement for
corrections in the agreed schedule of work. It is with some pertinent queries that arise so as to
depict the factual cause behind the delayed projects into which the distribution of faulty
accountability tends to evolve into conflicts and legal proceedings where no one is prompt in
accepting their faults.
As a result to which, Rostami and et. al. (2015) has hereby mentioned that the associated
stakeholders of construction organisations are largely concerned about the entitled duration of
their undertaken projects. It is also due to some other prevalent origins like an exploding rate of
interest, inflation and commercial pressure from the outer bodies of the organisation without
whom it is infeasible to lay out their business operations. Wherein, a delayed construction project
is proven to result in conflicts and such assertions that will in turn result in growing the demand
of judicial decision by legal proceedings, etc.
All these propulsions are evident to make a direct impact on the brand image of the
companies associated with construction businesses. It is as per the bestowed standpoint of Lee
and et. al. (2014), where a delayed project work resulting in litigation and arbitrary procedures
can directly hamper the image of the organisation getting into such conflicted measures. Other
than this, it is also evident to shatter the entire business operation of the construction organisation
that in turn lowers their profitability index as well. There applied tactics of marketing together
fail to succeed in a directional way that in turn destroy their icon in front of their clients and
users.
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It is basically due to certain impediment elements of delay as specified by Eadie and et.
al. (2013) where an inconsistent approach of work with short term thinking of some afflicted
organisational bodies are also evident to result into a delayed work. This in turn impacts upon the
overall brand image of the organisation where they fail to receive much projects that resultantly
affect the status of their profitability as well with a significant loss of their icon. It is where one
referral system producers another where a negative propulsion directly results in loss of their
brand image.
Relationship between project delays and brand image in the construction industry of UK
There exists a direct relationship between the delayed projects of construction industries
with that to their brand image as emphasised by Dadhich and et. al. (2015). It is where brand
image is defined as a carried perception of the users that is usually carried out by the consumers.
It is basically a message that is given to the audiences in the form of brand image. It is hereby
considered to be a vital practice of marketing by the firms associated with the construction
industries as a mean of defining the carried perception of the users. It is thereby important for the
entities to maintain an affirmative outlook of their undertaken assignations by carrying out their
agreed projections on time.
Cao and et. al. (2015) hereby highlighted a prior requisition of networking to the
companies associated with the matrix of construction. Additionally, a delayed completion of
work by the construction industries is also evident to impact upon the marketing procedurals of
the enterprises where their adopted measures may get fail by the spread of their negative work
procedurals. Wherein, it get essential for the organisations to outlook some contemporary means
of marketing in order to attract a larger base of customers and appoint proficient set of
employees. It is with a fundamental sense of making timely submission of work where the
employees should hereby tend to work with a united sense of achievement.
Cannon and Hillebrandt (2016) has also proposed two vital strategies to aid the same
where reward systems and other motivational tools can greatly support the administrative bodies
of construction organisations to create a vital sense of encouragement in them. This will
significantly help the construction organisations to obviate any pessimistic consequences in their
image where they will resultantly make timely completion of their undertaken projects. It is
basically due to a proven fact of brand image that is directly inclined with the carried perception
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of the users with is an influential element and can be easily disrupted by such delayed
submission of assignations.
TASK C
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This unit is another most significant concern of the researcher to carry out the
investigation in a technical manner. This section will hereby tend to define the undertaken
methods by the surveyor to carry the study in a directional sense with an ultimate achievement of
its formulated goals. The current research work is conducted to discover the causes behind
construction delays and its impact on the overall brand image of Ameon Group Ltd. In
accordance to which, below are the technical assumptions made by the investigator-
Research approach
It is mainly in accordance to opt for a substantial approach to carry out the study in a
pertinent direction where the researcher is hereby liable to choose from a definite method of
research approach. This will in turn reflect some significant elements of this study by together
rationalising the configured matrix of the investigation. With reference to which, there exists
total two vital measures to conduct either an inductive or deductive approach of the study. Both
of it exists with some vita points of distinction among both where a deductive approach is known
to minimize the scope of the study (Deductive Reasoning Versus Inductive Reasoning, 2014). It
is basically due to its nature of existence where a deductive study is evident to move from
general to specific approach. Whereas, another approach to carry out an inductive study, the
entire survey is considered to move from specific to general context that in turn broaden the
range of investigation. Researcher in the present investigation has thus chosen to carry out an
inductive study in order to widen the scope of the survey whose acquired outcomes can be later
implicated in other similar studies.
Research philosophy
It is yet another leading consideration of a surveyor to opt a moralised way of carrying
out the study. This requires the researcher to opt from the two leading philosophies of
interpretivism and positivism where an interpretivism is a general way of interpreting the
obtained outcomes of the investigation. Wherein, the study of positivism necessitates the
surveyor to opt for a study that is based on accrual facts and findings. As a result to which, an
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interpretivism philosophy is evident to support in acknowledging the subjective nature of the
subject matter (Gast and Ledford, 2014). This in turn relates to the study of social science and
human behaviour, whereas, another philosophical alternative for conducting a positivism survey,
the researcher is hereby required to investigate the objective nature of the subject matter.
Wherein, the current study is hereby based upon the study of interpretivism in support of
reflecting a thematic context of its elected topic.
Research design
In this particular section, the investigator is hereby required to opt for a spectacular
design of the research. This is with a need base consideration of reflecting a dignified sense of
carrying out the study with a promptly selected configuration for the same. With a similar
reference to which, there exists total three leading designs to conduct a survey entitled as,
descriptive, exploratory and explanatory constellations. There selection mainly depends upon the
nature and context of the chosen subject matter where a descriptive design is usually represented
in case of conducting a research based upon elementary topics (Research design, 2009). It is with
a similar reflective of an explanatory study that also involves an analogous structure of research
with a mere explanation of its chosen subject matter. An exploratory survey is with a distinctive
nature that is opted to carry out a study on some newer topics to create varied set of ideas and
assumptions based upon it. The investigator in the recent research work is referring to designate
a descriptive study as a mean of discovering the origin behind delays in construction and its
impact on the overall brand image of Ameon Group Ltd. This is with a prime assistance of the
selected research design that will in turn aid in carrying out an in depth analysis of this particular
topic.
Data collection
This is mainly in accordance to choose from the most skilful way of data collection in
order to obtain a most liable set of information from the targeted set of audiences in the study.
With reference to which, there exists two vital forms of data collection that involves primary and
secondary measures to collect a considerable set of information. The primary method is
implicated by carrying focus group interviews that also involves varied observatory methods to
accumulate resourceful data from the respondents. This largely assists the researcher to refer a
newer set of data that postulates a direct conversation with the responders as a thorough way of
interrogating them. It is hereby done with support of a framed set of questionnaire with some
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configured queries that are especially formulated for the participant audiences of the
investigation (Research Instruments for Data Collection, 2014). However, the secondary mean
of data collection hereby necessitate the surveyor to refer some well established data as a mean
of generating information from some verified books, journals and online publications, etc. It is
however with a prime concern of the surveyor where they are hereby required to refer only the
attested publications as a mean of supporting the study with no exhausted and counterfeit
informations. The investigator in the below carried research work has referred to concentrate
upon both the measures of data collection.
Sampling
This is the distribution mean of research in which the investigator is hereby required to
distribute the targeted set of respondents in an equivalent proportion so as to carry a balanced
form of study. There exists two leading methods of sampling to make either random or purposive
distribution of the responders (Mackey and Gass, 2015). A random sampling of data is usually to
make a probable distribution of the respondents with no goal-directed selection. However, a
purposive selection of responders is done via a non probability method or with a goal directed
consent as done in the recent investigation. Into which, 5 managerial bodies of Ameon Group
Ltd. have represented as the respondents of this research work as a mean of acknowledging delay
in construction work and its impact on the image of their brand.
Data analysis
This section depicts the way to evaluate the above gathered data by selecting a reliable
measure for the same. This evaluation will further support the researcher in timely
accomplishment of the research goals and objectives where there exists total two leading
methods for assessment known an qualitative and quantitative measures. A qualitative study is
carried to thematic structure of the survey with some valid assumptions by the researcher made
upon the investigation topic (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). However, a quantitative data
analysis exists with certain distinctive norms and standards that postulates the surveyor to refer
varied numerical tools so as to involve the conceptual framework of mean, mode and median,
etc. This is in supposition of carrying out an objective form of study that entirely differs from
another configured plan of a qualitative study. The researcher in the current investigation has
opted to conduct a qualitative analysis of the data in support of the preceding selection of
interpretivism philosophy.
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Ethical consideration
A prime consideration of ethics is referred to be yet another major concern of a
researcher while carrying out a study to obtain genuine resultants at the end. It is mainly in
supposition of referring to some crucial approaches like to take a prior consent of the research
participants along with another concern of conducting a confidential investigation (Bauer,
2014). It is where the participant bodies of the investigation should not reflect a forceful
impulsion on them to answer the questions where they should willingly respond to it. Another
prime concern in regard to carry out a confidential study is in accordance to protect the acquired
set of information from any unauthorised user. There together exists some other vital concern of
the investigator in regard to employ genuine citations with an authentic set of references for the
same.
Research limitations
There exists certain impeding elements for the surveyor while carrying out the study that
in turn obstructs the intended goals of the entire research work. These limited constituents are
specified as a constricted period of time and funds to carry out a definite investigation in a
directional format. It is however important for the investigator to consider these limited sources
and opt for a preplanned way for accomplishing the formulated objectives of the study (Neuman
and Robson, 2012). A planned mode will largely assist the surveyor in timely acquiring the
configured aim of the research where using a Gantt Chart is often referred to be a guiding tool
for the same. It is a scheduled timeline that depicts the need base period of the activities that are
required to be carried out within a stipulated time period. This in turn assists in eliminating any
possible hindrance like lack of time, etc., with a smooth flow of study that eventually leads to
attain the undertaken objectives of the investigation. This is for instance to refer the below
portrayed chart in which there exists total 12 subdivided activities to be conducted within a
scheduled time span of 11 weeks for an eventual completion of the research work.
Key Activities
Week
1
Week
2 & 3
Week
4
Week
5
Week
6
Week
7
Week
8 & 9
Week 10 Week 11
Preparation of
Introduction
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Literature Review
Collection of
Secondary
Information
Examination of the
Collected Data
Research Design
Research
Methodology
Acquiring Primary
Data
Analysing both
Primary and
Secondary Data
Conclusion and
Recommendations
Completion of any
Remaining Work
Revision and Draft
Final Submission
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TASK D
REFERENCE LIST
Books and Journal
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Construction Industry. Routledge.
Bassi, A. and et.al., 2012. UK and Italian EIA systems: A comparative study on management
practice and performance in the construction industry. Environmental Impact Assessment
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Bauer, G.R., 2014. Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research
methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Social Science &
Medicine, 110, pp.10-17.
Cannon, J. and Hillebrandt, P.M. eds., 2016. The management of construction firms: aspects of
theory. Springer.
Cao, D., Wang, G., Li, H., Skitmore, M., Huang, T. and Zhang, W., 2015. Practices and
effectiveness of building information modelling in construction projects in China.
Automation in Construction. 49. pp.113-122.
Dadhich, P. and et.al., 2015. Developing sustainable supply chains in the UK construction
industry: A case study. International Journal of Production Economics. 164. pp.271-284.
Dadhich, P., Genovese, A., Kumar, N. and Acquaye, A., 2015. Developing sustainable supply
chains in the UK construction industry: A case study. International Journal of
Production Economics. 164. pp.271-284.
Eadie, R., Browne, M., Odeyinka, H., McKeown, C. and McNiff, S., 2013. BIM implementation
throughout the UK construction project lifecycle: An analysis. Automation in
Construction. 36. pp.145-151.
Gast, D.L. and Ledford, J.R., 2014. Single case research methodology: Applications in special
education and behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Gilbert, A., 2014. Overview of the UK Residential Ventilation Market and Initiatives to Improve
the Quality of the Installed Systems. International Journal of Ventilation. 13(2). pp.103-
110.
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Higham, A., Fortune, C. and James, H., 2015. Life cycle costing: evaluating its use in UK
practice. Structural Survey. 33(1). pp.73-87.
Khosrowshahi, F. and Arayici, Y., 2012. Roadmap for implementation of BIM in the UK
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Killip, G., 2013. Products, practices and processes: exploring the innovation potential for low-
carbon housing refurbishment among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the
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Kucukvar, M. and Tatari, O., 2013. Towards a triple bottom-line sustainability assessment of the
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Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design.
Routledge.
Murray, M. and Dainty, A., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in the construction industry.
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Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative
approaches.
Pacheco-Torgal, F., 2014. Eco-efficient construction and building materials research under the
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Potts, K. and Ankrah, N., 2014. Construction cost management: learning from case studies.
Routledge.
Rostami, A., Sommerville, J., Wong, I.L. and Lee, C., 2015. Risk management implementation
in small and medium enterprises in the UK construction industry. Engineering,
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Sarhan, S. and Fox, A., 2013. Barriers to implementing lean construction in the UK construction
industry. The Built & Human Environment Review. 6(1). pp.1-17.
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Sarhan, S. and Fox, A., 2013. Performance measurement in the UK construction industry and its
role in supporting the application of lean construction concepts. Australasian Journal of
Construction Economics and Building, The. 13(1). pp.23.
Sherratt, F., 2014. Exploring ‘Zero Target’safety programmes in the UK construction industry.
Construction Management and Economics. 32(7-8). pp.737-748.
Taroun, A., 2014. Towards a better modelling and assessment of construction risk: Insights from
a literature review. International Journal of Project Management. 32(1). pp.101-115.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A
guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Tutt, D., Pink, S., Dainty, A.R. and Gibb, A., 2013. Building networks to work: an ethnographic
study of informal routes into the UK construction industry and pathways for migrant up-
skilling. Construction Management and Economics. 31(10). pp.1025-1037.
Zanni, M.A., Soetanto, R. and Ruikar, K., 2014. Defining the sustainable building design
process: methods for BIM execution planning in the UK. International Journal of Energy
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Online
Ameon group Ltd., 2016. Online. Available through: <http://ameon.co.uk/about-us/company-
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Research Instruments for Data Collection. 2014. [PDF]. Available through: <
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