Literature Review On Highly Skilled Migrants From India
Added on 2020-02-05
11 Pages3958 Words60 Views
Languages and CultureEconomicsPolitical Science
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Highly skilled migrants, migrationfrom India to UK, and highly skilledmigrants from India1
With the increasing global migration flows skilled migrants are consider as an essentialelement particularly in the developed nations and regions (Charsley, Storer‐Church, Benson andHear, 2012). In the present changing working condition there is constant increase in the flow ofhighly skilled labour in the international marketplace and with the globalized economy highlyskilled employees are fairly and free to move in the different nations or countries. High skilledmigrants are defined as the one that focuses on high level of education degree and qualificationthat support the individual in performing the activities in effective manner. The present literaturereview focuses on the three topics that is highly skilled migrants, migrants from India to UK andthe last topic focuses on highly skilled migrants from India that support the other nationeconomy. 1. Literature on Highly skilled MigrantsHighly skilled migrants are the one that are comfortable in rendering services in any ofthe nation. They must possess formal and high qualification as well as education degree thatsupport the individual in amending the international market access. According to the view pointof Ryan and Mulholland (2014) in order to attain long term economic development of thedeveloping and developed nation highly skilled migrants plays significant role. It has beenassessed that organization working in the international marketplace must requires diverse rangeof workforce or employees that results in rendering quality services within the market. As per the view of Tilly (2011) there is history of skilled migration it mainly classifiedinto the three different broad categories. The foremost category is early period that engage inindividual movement that is mainly motivated through enabling negative push factor as theoutcome of which it arises the situation of conflict in the foreign occupation. Another category inthe skilled migration include industrial period in which it ensure limited movement of the humanresource and recruitment campaigns is been initiated with enhancing the population within theindustries. Furthermore, to be succeed in the present environment it has been determined thatcandidate or migrants with high skill are considered as more balanced and concrete approach.Accordant with the Alam and Hoque (2010) it has been assessed that movement of highly skilledemployees and staff has increased the preferences of international businesses and academicians.Whereas, for the highly skilled migrants the concept or approach of brain drain has been2
applicable as the highly qualified personnel leaves the parent company for performing work inthe abroad. Therefore, it is consider as one of the leading concerning issue for the developingcountries as their highly skilled candidate and individual are moving out from the home countryto work in the other developed nation or region. According to Boyle, Halfacree and Robinson(2014) there are different reasons and rational motive of the individual that assists in migratingthe highly skilled candidate. The various reasons are enhancing the individual living standard,enhancing the quality of life, preference of gaining higher salary as well as stable politicalconditions related with migrants etc. are consider as key reason that results in migrating thehighly skilled individual in the assorted nations across the world. On the contrary to this, Harvey(2011) effective and better job opportunities provided by the developed countries is alsoconsidered as the major reason of migration of highly skilled employees from developing todeveloped countries. It has been also assessed that majority of the migrants are from the underdeveloped and developing nations that renders services within the developed nation. Along withthis the key aim of highly skilled employees for migrating is to earn the huge monetary valuethat support in meeting their requirement and needs. Although it would also benefit the candidatein enhancing their standard of living. Through considering the view point of Bovenkerk (2012)the highly skilled migrants mainly comprises of the occupation such as engineers, doctors,scientists that leaves the home country for their betterment and gaining high job opportunities. Inthe contemporary scenario with the constant increasing instability within the economy it resultsin raising the rate of unemployment that compels the highly skilled individual to migrate ormove to the other nation that possess economic stability. As per the view of Demireva (2011) it has been assessed that individual those who aremigrating to the other nation or region they might face issues related with variant change inlanguage, cultural, habits as well as attitude of the individual that results in enabling culturalshock. With the cultural shock they are unable to render effective services within the developednation. As all these factor impact their morale as well as activities in rendering adequate services.According to Binswanger-Mkhize (2013) it has been stated that individuals those who are livingin the urbanized areas are tending towards the western culture and lifestyle therefore, they mightnot face any issues or problem related with cultural shock while migrating in the other region.Therefore, differences in the cultural as well as lifestyle would assists in creating difficulty to the3
highly skilled candidate in adjusting to the newer environment. On the other, Cantwell and Lee(2010) has also stated that social abuse in the home country is also regarded as the leadingcomponent or challenge that featured by the highly skilled migrants. In the contemporaryscenario there are various example that results in migrating the candidate from one nation toanother. The key attacks on the skilled candidate must ensure differences among the race andculture of the other people. Moreover, the highly skilled individual also ensure movement in theother region in order to attain greater opportunities in terms in job and related pay. Thus,migration of the highly skilled candidate negatively and positively impact the GDP as well aseconomic stability of both the region or nation. In accordance with the Hainmueller and Hiscox(2010) it is stated that with the increase in migration activities among the highly skilledindividual results in increasing the economic development of the nation where migrant has beenshifting from. Along with this, it is also stated that individual with higher skills and knowledgewould assists in enhancing the stability as well as worth of the nation through gaining the highincome within economy. Thus, it might also impact the payment of tax within the nation. Themigrants basically make huge payment in terms of delivering and imposing the tax within thecountry that ultimately results in generating overall revenue within the economy. On the contraryto this, highly skilled migrant from the developing countries negatively impact the host countryin decreasing their GDP as they would have less number of skilled people within the hostcountry that directly impact their standard of living as well as it would also impact theperformance of nation. As per the view of Ho (2011) there are different immigration policies thatare framed by the global system in order to attract the highly skilled labour in the developednation. For instance in the year 2007 the European Union has formulated Blue Card scheme aswell as US focuses on enforcing the Green Card scheme that mainly provide permission inattracting the highly skilled migrants that have 3 years of the professional experience outside thehome country. 2. Literature on migration from IndiaIndia is termed as one of the most diversified nation as the economy is under the mixedeconomy therefore, it has complex migration histories (Cortes and Tessada, 2011). Ever since the19th century, ethnic Indians have conventional communities on each and every continent as well4
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