Below-the-line techniques are promotional strategies that do not involve traditional advertising methods, such as print or broadcast media. Instead, they focus on in-store promotions, sales staff training, and other direct marketing tactics to engage customers. In this assignment, we will explore how below-the-line techniques can be used in an integrated promotional strategy for Westfield, a large shopping complex in Stratford, London. This will include identifying primary below-the-line techniques, evaluating the impact of 'M' Marketing on future below-the-line promotion, and creating a promotional plan to increase footfall at Westfield.