Leadership and Management: A Discussion on Literature, Theories, and Development Programs

This document discusses the concepts of leadership and management, exploring their similarities and differences. It delves into various leadership theories and evaluates the importance of leadership development programs. The content provides insights into the role of leadership in organizations and the impact it has on employee motivation and guidance.

Organisations:
Leadership and
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
DISCUSSION ABOUT LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT LITERATURE AND
THEORIES................................................................................................................................3
Similarities between leadership and management.................................................................4
Differences between leadership and management.................................................................4
Leadership theories................................................................................................................5
EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.......................................8
Importance of leadership........................................................................................................8
Importance of training and development...............................................................................9
The Mary Seacole programme...............................................................................................9
Structure of programme.......................................................................................................10
Benefits of program..............................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................14
Books and journals...............................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is considered as a process through which the leader motivates the attitude
of individual person towards goal. They provide direction to its staff to execute their work in
an effective manner. In addition to this leadership is the capability to lead the subordinate to
perform the different activity and function of business organization in an effective manner.
Management focuses on planning, organizing staffing, directing as well as controlling the
behavior of an individual person within business organization. Leadership is regarding
motivate people towards vision of your organization and perform their task in order to
accomplish them. On the other hand the management is considered as administrating daily
activity and function In addition to this there is various model of leadership which is used for
achieving outcomes in order to accomplish goal of organization. It includes various types of
theory such as trait theory, contingency theory as well as power and influence theory which is
mentioned in this report. All the theories as well as concept related to leadership which is
used for assessing the requirement of the business organization during the period of time.
Furthermore, there are variety of skill related to soft as well as hard skill of leader will
determined as well as the different quality as well skill is needed to operate the business
organization in an effective manner. Apart from this there are various elements that
encourage this management structure also given in this report.
DISCUSSION ABOUT LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT LITERATURE AND
THEORIES
Leadership: leadership can be defined as ability of an individual where he actively or
method li participate in different activity of leading a group of people towards the goals and
objectives of an organisation where they can achieve the desired results in an specific time by
the self-development as well as development of individual. Leadership is both a research area
and a particular skill which encompasses on the inability of an individual within the
organisation where it can guide The Other individual’s teams and entire organisation in the
direction of goals and objective (Northouse, 2018). There are various kind of leadership
theories within the organisation which are am on different functions related to trade situation
interaction function behaviour power vision and values which are directly related to an
individual performance.
Management: it can be defined as and coordination and organisation of different
activities by an individual within an organisation where a business process is established to

achieve different versions missions and objective of the organisation by combining all the
efforts of each individuals and maintaining a proper watch on different functions.
Management is administration of the organisation whether it is a business non-profit
organisation government body or any other institute. Management include different activities
setting a strategy where organisation can collaborate the different efforts of an individuals
and reduce the wastage of resources (Inkinen, 2016).
Similarities between leadership and management
 Both leadership and management and title of working with the people and are
surrounded by their peoples within the organisation for smooth working (Hamlin and
Patel, 2017).
 Management and leadership both are created on a same foundation of organisation
and are the respective ideal within the organisation for their functional structures.
 There is one more similarity between management and leadership that both of the
function has the direct influence on the work structure and environment within the
organisation because of their direct involvement within both of the function (Thorpe,
2016).
 Both focuses on particular direction of goal achievement as the main motive behind
both leadership and management is to achieve the goals and objectives of the
organisation by combining the resources and managing the work in an efficient
manner.
Differences between leadership and management
There are various differences between leadership and management within an
organisation which are directly related to their functioning and focusing. Management in an
organisation is related to implement of tactic collections within the organisation where the
leadership is aim of creating new vision and aims toward the organisations success.
There are various differences between both of the functions as management is
concerned with detailed budgeting of every plan where the leadership concentrate on
establishing organisational financial targets which can be achieved within a specific time
(Bush and Glover, 2016).
Furthermore, management always focus on measuring and reporting the performance
within the organisation to achieve the standards and leadership always focus on deciding
what needs and measures to be adopted for reporting and increasing the performance of

individual. Thereafter, leadership always related to making new rules and policies according
to the environment and making the disciplinary rules for fulfilment of every requirement of
individual according to dynamic environment (Stanley, 2016).
On the other hand management is directly related to applying the rules and policy and
implementing the disciplinary rules within the organisation which are formed by the letters.
Leadership always decide the structure and workgroup within the organisation. But on the
next side of organisation where the management exist, it perform function of recruitment for
the organisation where it appoint different individuals on respective jobs.
Leadership theories
Leadership theories are those frameworks which are designed for individual to learn
about the concept of leadership which is related to different situation in different business
units. There are various kind of leadership theory in a business environment which can be
followed by an individual to achieve its business objectives as well as guide the other people
in and business environment.
Behavioural theory of leadership
It is one of the leadership theories which are directly related to development of
leadership skills within an individual for performing different functions related to leadership
in an organisation. This theory includes the identification of behaviour of other individuals
and the respective behaviour of leader within the organisation in different situations. There
are various kind of behaviour which can be poses by an individual while working as a leader
in organisation (Kumar and Khiljee, 2016). These are task oriented leader people-oriented
leader participative leadership in different leader’s country club leaders and many more.
Behaviour of leader is directly related to thinking and the situation where he is leading
the people. Behavioural theory promotes the value of the leadership style with the increases
on concern from the people and collaboration. is directly related to promotion of participative
decision making and team development by supporting individuals needs in the organisation
and align the individual. it also help manager in adopting different leadership style in the
organisation and behaving according to these leadership styles within the firmware it can
identify the behaviour of each individual and take decision according to the current situation
of the organisation. There are two type of important behaviour study which has to be
conducted by an individual to study the behaviour of different persons within the organisation

and guiding them in a particular situation. These are Ohio state study and the Michigan study.
These are the important part of study where individual who is leading the organisation can
perform a specific picture of different key concepts related to behaviour study and adopt them
to study and identify the proper behavioural approach within the organisation to lead different
employees (Buchholz and Sandler, 2017).
there are some criticism of behavioural theory of leadership does there were inherited
limitation of right approach of the leadership as when early research ran out of the steam in
their search for trades did tune that what leaders do. Runtime leaders cannot identify the
behaviour of individual because of certain circumstances or uncertainty is within the
behaviour because of dynamic situation within the environment. Different employees have
different behaviour with also impact negatively on the behavioural theory of leadership where
leader can wrongly judge the behaviour of individual which will impact in future while
performing different activities within the organisation (Storey, 2016).
Transformational leadership
Transformational leadership can be defined as in that type of leadership theory where
the leader work with the different terms to identify different changes within the organisation
and create a new vision to guide the changes through inspiring other employees within the
firm where they can easily execute different changes and improve the working capacity of the
organisation. This also brings commitment of different members of group of towards the
organisation where they act as an integral part of the organisation by providing full range
leadership model. Transformational leadership sab to enhance the motivation within the
organisation by the help of improve job performance and different performance appraisal
techniques where each and every mechanism of this theory will include the connection of
different individuals to word the sense of identity and self-recognition within different types
of organisation (Hawkins, 2017) . In this type of leadership the leader is appointed as an ideal
within the organisation where he changed different tools techniques and methods of
functioning within the organisation and being bring a transformation organisation can
improve its productivity motivation and profitability by bringing the changes to old
techniques. Transformational leadership is basically based on four components. these four
components are idealize influence inspirational motivation individual consideration and
intellectual stimulation. Idealized influence is directly related to the leader where the leaders

serve as ideal role models with its follower within the organisation the leader walk and talk
within the different organisation are admired by all employees.
Hear, a transformational leader embodies the qualities that a person wants in their
teams all followers of the leaders which are generally employed within the organisation think
that leader is the role model of their organisation where they form a trust relationship. In
inspirational motivation, the transformational leaders have the ability to inspire different
individuals within the organisation as well as motivate the followers by presenting different
versions towards them the combined these divisions with previous goals and objectives and
change roles and responsibility of different individual according to the needs (Obeidat and
Tarhini, 2016). Individualized consideration, in this concept the transformational leaders
demonstrate genuine concern for the needs which are directly related to self-actualization of
the staff and team members within the organisation where they can achieve the personal
attention of each follower as well as assist them in developing the trust among the
organisation as well as different team members.
Intellectual stimulation, in this component of transformational leadership the leader
changes followers to become innovative and creative within the organisation where they can
encourage their self and follow the challenges which are going in the dynamic business
environment and increase their status within the organisation. You also minimise the impact
of negative outcomes related to conflicts within the team as well as transform different
functions where challenges can be cooked by each and every individuals in a positive
manner.
Transformational leadership have various characteristics which also help organisation
in maintaining the personality traits and transformations. The first characteristic of
transformational leadership is the extra virgin where it provides the different facility of
isolation and agency to an organisation. These are directly related to the social and leadership
aspect of a personality (Fischer, 2016). It is generally seen in an inspiration of tried usually
exhibiting a transformational leadership within the organisation. Also have a characteristics
of neuroticism, this is because it give an individual annexure and anxiety related to the
productivity within the organisation as well as help groups in getting the degree where they
can position themselves and play a role of transformational leader by lowering the difference
between self-esteem and tendency to shrink from the leadership responsibility. The last
characteristics of transformational leadership is that it provide openness to experience within

the organisation where creativity expression and emotional responsiveness can be linked with
journal tendency of open and experience within the organisation of an individual behaviour.
Also relate the traits of an individual and combine them with the transformational leaders
where they can easily picture a visualised leadership within the organisation which will help
them in guiding different peoples and getting the work done so taking their consideration. It
is more effective than transactional leadership pleasure for leadership as well as different
public and private company can easily adopt this type of leadership where the leader is taken
as an ideal within the organisation who always transform according to the dynamic
environment situation and provide different facilities to an individual and organisation to
develop their goals and objectives within a specific time and achieve them by combining all
the resources at a particular place.
EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Leadership development program
Importance of leadership
Leadership is important part of the organisation as it has various importances within
the firm which make it essential to an individual for guiding different employees within the
organisation. Leadership in the organisation has been initiated the actions as a leader is the
person who start towards my communicating the policies and procedures to different
employee within the organisation. It directly impact on the starting of the work and initiation
of different factions within the organisation (Hartmann, Stephens and Jahren, 2017).
Furthermore, Leaders ship is also important for providing the motivation within the
organisation. It provide motivation within the organisation as a leader prove to be playing and
incentive rules within the organisation according to the work done by an individual where he
motivate the employee with the economic and non-economic rewards which will satisfy their
need as well as increase your motivation for doing the job for getting more and more rewards.
Also important for providing the guidance to the employees as leader supervises all its
employees as well as guide their rule according to their job and complexity arise because of
dynamic environment (Rihal, 2017). This guidance is directly in the form of instruction to the
subordinate where they can perform their work in an efficient manner as well as increase the
productivity of their work by reducing the wastage of resources and understanding their job
in an appropriate manner. Leadership also help in creation of the confidence within the
organisation is confidence is an important factor which can be achieved through expressing
the work refer to the subordinate. Leader in organtional always try to explain them clearly

about their roles and give them guidance to achieve the goals and objectives in an effective
managed by combining their personal goals with the organisation goals.
Importance of training and development
Development is the most important part in every organisation for formation of
different strategy as well as implementation of the strategy on the workforce within the
organisation. Training and development will increase the skills abilities and traits of
individuals within the organisation they can perform more effectively as well as decrease the
negative impact of dynamic situations which are arise because of uncertain business
environment. There are various methods which can be adopted by the organisation which are
directly associated with the skills of individuals (Ndalamba, Caldwell and Anderson, 2018).
Training and development also increase the confidence of the employer working on the jobs
where they get familiar to difficult task within the organisation and can easily to these stars in
the future when they arise. Training and development also increase the ability of
understanding in the employees so that they can itself understand new development and
practical changes within the working of the organisation because of continuous dynamic
environment. There is various kind of information which has to supply from one place to
another which are the part of business communication. This communication be developed by
the help of training and development within the employees where they can understand the
skills and abilities of each other as well as communicate and perform according to their
abilities (Chrobot-Mason, Gerbasi and Cullen-Lester, 2016). It is also important for the
leadership within the organisation and proper training and development of employees will
help leaders in guiding them according to their skills abilities and the potential where they
can increase the productivity of different functions.
The Mary Seacole programme
This program was held by NHS leadership academy with division of six months.
NHS leadership academy includes global experts such as Korn ferry hay group, to develop
knowledge as well as skills in leadership and management at wider level. This program is
mostly used within the organisation so that decision making is being done properly among
the leader and managers moreover main motive of this program is analyse as well as exam
me learning theory and then putting them into actual practice. The help of this program
individual within the organisation is able to use their skills and knowledge properly into the
real cause of action. Mary Seacole is famous for motivation determination and her ability to
influence others which makes her an optimistic leader. She is a type of a person who wants to

help other people and develop their personal growth as well as overall development in both
professional as well as personal life (Shawha, Boyd and Nelson, 2018).
Any person going through with this program is able to develop skills, deep knowledge
related to the field, behaviour and many other positive aspects of professional life. A leader is
an essential part of an organisation during the program intelligent will learn about
characteristics of leadership different types of leadership styles how to motivate and influence
other people. So, after the development of this leadership program new skills and abilities
will be imparted within the individual behaviour which will help in dealing with challenges
and issues in appropriate manner (Sands-O’Connor, 2017) . Therefore, management skills
and knowledge at depth will be increased & which is used in other processes.
Structure of programme
In this course setting fires will be clear such as why leadership is important how it can
affect the individual life. Also during the running of this leadership program deep knowledge
will be given to the learners about the holiday ship can be implemented and used for career
growth as well as development. Then father in the second stage what are the roles and
responsibilities of an effective leader will be discussed such as main role of leader is to help
their followers so that their problems are solved properly (Alenezi, McAndrew and Fallon,
2019)
.
The at next aspect Learner will be learn about team building and its importance as
well as how it can reduce the complexity of work. Also, during the stage new theories and
concepts will be also explained to the learners so that they are able to understand in brief
which will be helpful for their learning. This is the most crucial stage of this program in
which learner will be able to develop relation amongst the members of the team as well as
other people within the workplace (Awards, 2017). Through, this objectives and desired goals
will be achieved during the specific period of time. Also, this leadership development
program critical thinking of learner will be also developed at wider and larger scale which
can we use din professional light in appropriate manner.
This is the most beneficial leadership development program has it encourages and
motivate learners to become a leader and use their skills as well as abilities in the field full
song it is responsibility of the teacher to understand the behaviour of learners so that learning

process and program is been carried out accordingly. It also reflects the inner abilities and
capability of a learner and which are being displayed to during this force. Changes will be
seen by the learner itself when they will start performing into actual field (Anderson, 2016).
So, when choosing the development of leadership program proper conservation SAR
to be maintained so that appropriate decisions are made. This is achieved through the
conducting a market research of various academies and sources (Moseley, 2018). The
structure of the program specifies that within 6 months learner will be able to execute their
leadership skills at workplace without any fear. Thus, it is essential to go with this program so
that a deep learning is being acquired by the learners and use that learning practical life
Benefits of program
To organisation
This program has various benefits to the organisation as it will increase the chances of
leadership within the organisation where it can easily achieve its goals and objective by
building various leaders. also help organisation increasing the growth aspect and
opportunities within the firm because these leaders are fully trained and motivated because of
this program which help them in increasing their knowledge and skill because of practical
implementation of the program. this one also benefit organisation in solving the dynamic
situations because leaders are well-known two different situations where they know the
leadership style according to different situation within the organisation which can be
implemented when it is need (Shaw, 2019). This will also facilitate the organisation a huge
number of leaders which can help organisation in future where they will get proper
experience of leadership and can easily guide the organisation toward the profitability. this
program will also benefit to the organisation where it increases the chances of success within
dynamic environment. this will help the organisation dynamic environment as there are
various kind of leaders within the organisation to know about the different circumstances
which can be arise in the future and how they can deal the circumstances by using their
leadership skills and qualities. This program directly healthy individual in boosting their
knowledge about the leadership within the organisation as well as improving their confidence
related to decision making. This confidence directly help the organisation in improving the
decision making process because every individual have full knowledge about different
circumstances and how to deal with the proper project which is assigned to them. They have

also knowledge about different aspects of their project where they can easily take decision
according to these aspects. This will also help the organisation in making its vision of future
perspective because leadership always flow in the direction of future where it and cope with
the future challenges and achieve the goals and objective in an appropriate time. young
leaders who are got training under this program can easily motivate the organisation towards
the future and can contribute to it by providing effective working and management within the
organisation to lead the different employees.
To individuals
Program of leadership development also help individuals working within the organisation in
various forms. This program which helps the individuals in the organisation by providing
them different opportunity to develop their future skills qualities and abilities to perform
different task of related to leadership within the different organisations where they are going
to work. This program also facilitate them in identifying the future opportunities they can
increase their knowledge about the particular organisation functions as well as lead the
people in the direction of ghost of the organisation to achieve their personal goals by
combining the organisation.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of a given report it has been analysed that leadership as well as
management are considered as a diverse in nature but they are connected with each other in
order to perform different activity and function of business organisation in an effective
manner. There is various numbers of Style as well as theories which is used by people. There
are various theories which is used for performing the different function in an effective
manner such as behavioural theory as well as transformation and leadership Theory that aid
assistance in administrating leadership within business organisation. Both these model have
the number of advantage through which the manager handle the different activities of
Organisation in an effective manner. The main motive of leader is to provide direction to its
staff in order to gaining knowledge regarding in order to assess the need and requirement of
employees during the period of time. In this report the Mary's School program is given which
aid assistance in becoming an appropriate leader and this will give favourable outcome in
future period of time. This program is implemented buy effective contribution of 6 month
administration improvement agenda which is executed by NHS leadership Academy with

international expertise to collect information related to management as well as organisation.
This is considered as a superior function that helps the organisation in achieving Vision and
Mission of Organisation in upcoming time period. Therefore the main purpose is to guide the
employees in order to complete the task and work within given time period.

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