Leadership and Management in an Organization

This document discusses the roles and functions of leaders and managers in an organization. It explores the different theories and approaches to leadership, including trait theory, behavioral theory, contingency theory, and power and influence theories. The document also highlights the importance of operations management in achieving commercial objectives and provides insights on how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies in operational management.

Management and Operation

TASK 1
P1 Associate the dissimilar parts and features of a leader and a manager with special
reference to the chosen organisation.
A management culture emphasizes rationality and control. Whether or not his or her
energies are directed toward goals, resources, organization structures, or people, a manager
could be a convergent thinker. The manager asks: What issues ought to be resolved, and what
are the most effective ways in which to realize results so folks can still contribute to the
present organization. From this attitude, leadership is solely a sensible effort to direct affairs
and to meet his or her task, a manager needs that several folks operate with efficiency at
completely different levels of standing and responsibility. It takes neither genius nor valance
to be a manager, however rather persistence, tough-mindedness, hard work, intelligence,
analytical ability, and maybe most significant, tolerance and goodwill.
Additional beginning of leadership, though, attaches nearly mystical beliefs to what a
pacesetter is and assumes that solely nice folks square measure warrant the drama of power
and politics. Here leadership may be a psychodrama within which an excellent, lonely person
should gain management of himself or herself as a precondition for dominant others. Such
Associate in nursing anticipation of leadership differences suddenly with the mundane,
practical, and nonetheless vital conception that leadership is de facto managing work that
people do.
Often the roles of managers and leaders square measure thought of as
interchangeable, however their lies a distinction between the functions that square measure
performed by the managers and also the leaders so as to induce the staff work for the
organization.
Managers within the organization perform the task of setting of the objectives as per
the vision and mission of the corporate and also the task of the leaders is to additional
communicate the vision to the staff and encourage them in such some way that the
company’s vision become their vision and that they follow the steps provided by the leaders.

M1 Examine and distinguish amid the part of a leader and purpose of a manager.
The functions of managers and therefore the role of leaders within the organization
are as follows:
Planning: The vital perform of managers of Marks and spencer is to arrange and set the
goals of the corporate that complies to extend the revenues and sales of the garments. The
ways ready by Marks and spencer relating to the goals of company embody that contributes
within the continuous improvement within the production method to develop potency in
product. The role of the leaders in Marks and spencer is to speak these roles set by the
managers to the workers and focus the trouble of the workers within the accomplishment of
those goals and objectives.
Organizing: The managers of Marks and spencer organize and utilize the resources of the
organization in an efficient manner so as to fulfil the structure goals. The role of the leaders is
to expeditiously portion the resources and inspire the workers to perform like the obtainable
resources are used for the most effective outcome.
Directing: The managers direct the tasks to be performed to the staff of Marks and spencer
however the leader play a task of making a team and guiding however the work ought to be
accomplished.
Staffing: Staffing is that perform of managers and therefore the leaders are needed to induce
the most effective out of the workers recruited within the company. Marks and spencer
recruit the employees and assign the work in keeping with the talents and capabilities of the
workers. The leaders keep it up motivating the employees and portion the work in keeping
with the talents and to speak with them to resolve any grievances in conjunction with
evaluating their performance.

Coordinating: The managers of Marks and spencer coordinate the functions of the
organization for higher outcomes. They perform of various departments like production
department conjointly the finance department also serves the corporate with the good thing
about producing the auto of top quality in best costs. The role of leaders within the perform of
coordinative the activities lies with the implementation of the most effective practices in
developing coordination within the activities with the assistance of communication and
sensible leadership skills.
Controlling: The ways developed by the managers and therefore the implementation of those
ways by the leaders within the Marks and spencer are controlled and monitored by the
mangers of the corporate and therefore the leaders verify the outcomes of the performance of
the workers with the standards as arranged down by the managers and guide the workers
consequently.
D1 Critically analyses and evaluates the different theories and approaches to leadership in
given contexts.
Trait Theory-One of the oldest theories concerning leadership suggests that leaders have
bound traits that build them effective. These traits embrace drive, integrity, tenacity,
sympathy and self-assurance, to allow a number of examples. Although the first plan was that
you just either had these qualities otherwise you did not, in trendy apply you'll be able to use
attribute theory to assist you examine your temperament to check what traits you wish to
emphasise.
Behavioural Theory-With behavioural theory, you do not think about what qualities you
have got. You choose what behaviours to have interaction in. for instance, you will favour to
be a stern ruler World Health Organization lays down the law, a democratic leader World
Health Organization encourages worker participation in decision-making or a passive leader
World Health Organization trusts others to form wise choices. The concept is that you just
will select your behaviours supported what you think that would be best for your business.
Contingency Theory-Contingency theory suggests that no single leadership approach
applies to each state of affairs. Instead, you decide on your vogue supported the requirements
of your staff, the character of the matter or the kinds of tasks you would like to succeed in
goals. for instance, once you would like everyone pull along, you would possibly take a a lot
of democratic approach, whereas you'll select associate autocratic vogue once you build
powerful choices and cannot afford to influence disagreements and various views.

Power and Influence Theories-You can use power to steer as long as you recognize what
the supply of your power is. For instance, you will have skilled power. This can be influence
that comes from knowing a theme higher than anyone you're managing. You will have power
just because you are doing the hiring and firing. This sort of leadership acknowledges that
you just and your staff has a straightforward group action. You comply with pay, and that
they comply with work. You will even have power that comes from charm. If you have got
the flexibility to disarm opponents with a smile, you will think about employing this power as
a part of your leadership vogue.
TASK 2
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager.
People with this style of behaviours and attitudes tend to draw in followers. Followers
square measure naturally drawn to folks that exhibit strength and might inspire belief in
others. These qualities tend to supply an attractive impact. Personal appeal tends to result
from effective leadership and also the qualities that modify effective leadership. Personal
appeal is by itself no guarantee of effective leadership.
Some folks square measure born additional naturally to leadership than others. Most
of the people do not ask for to be a frontrunner, however more folks square measure able to
lead, in a method or another and in one state of affairs or another, than they notice. People
who need to be a frontrunner will develop leadership ability. Leadership isn't the exclusive
preserve of the rich and educated. Leadership could be a matter of non-public conviction and
basic cognitive process powerfully in an exceedingly cause or aim, no matter it's. Leadership
typically involves folks later in life, and this can be no dangerous issue. Humanity tends to be
people characteristic. There’s no real obstacle to folks that ask for to become leaders if
leadership is approached with correct integrity. Anyone is a frontrunner if he/she is fitly
driven to a selected cause and many qualities of effective leadership, like confidence and
personal appeal, still grow from expertise within the leadership role. Even at the start shocked
modest leaders will become nice ones, and typically the best ones.
Leadership is performed with completely different designs. Some leaders have one
vogue, that is true sure as shooting things and wrong for others. Some leaders will adapt and
use completely different leadership designs for given things. Adaptability of favour is
associate degree progressively important facet of leadership, as a result of the globe is

progressively complicated and dynamic. Ability stems from sound judgement that
successively stems from emotional security and emotional maturity. Once more these
strengths aren't keen about wealth or education, or skills or processes.
Good leaders usually have a keen understanding of relationships among quite massive
and sophisticated systems and networks. This could be from associate degree intuitive angle,
or a technical/learned angle, or both. A Very helpful thanks to explore this significant facet of
leadership with relevance wider relationships and systems is obtainable by the Psychological
Contract and the way that theory relates to organizations and leadership.
P3 Apply totally different theories and models of approach, as well as situational leadership,
system leadership.
In this context, a leadership model could be a structure that contains method or logic
or a framework, which may be used or applied sort of a tool, in activity, understanding and
teaching leadership. A model is commonly conjointly shown in some type of diagram format.
There may be a way of mechanics or engineering, with inter-related and connected moving
components. In some cases a leadership model could contain measurable parts, generally
entailing advanced relative factors, and should conjointly modify a fairly consistent measure
or indication of ordinary, for instance effective versus ineffective leadership.
Any philosophy, and then to a leadership philosophy, could be a method of thinking
and behaving. It is a set of values and beliefs. A philosophy could be a series of reference
points or a foundation upon that processes, decisions, actions, plans, etc., will be designed,
developed and applied. A leadership philosophy connects leadership with humanity and
morality and ethics. A leadership philosophy can at some purpose be influenced by beliefs
concerning attribute and society, and maybe faith, or universal truth and a way of fairness and
natural justice.
A leadership vogue could be an additional slender and specific class than models or
philosophies. Indeed several leadership designs area unit contained among leadership models
as parts of the model. A mode could be a distinct method of behaving. A leadership vogue
tends to contain and be influenced powerfully by the aim or aim of the leadership. A
leadership vogue may be powerfully influenced and maybe determined by the temperament
of the leader and/or the temperament or capability of the followers or cluster being
semiconductor diode, and/or of things during which the leader is leading his or her folks.

M2 Measure the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to situations within the
work environment.
Keen commercial managers encourage communication strengths within the
geographic point by modelling superior communication skills with their own messages. Real
correspondents educate themselves on the worker separate frames of reference and adapt
their mails consequently. They acknowledge that that means exists not in words, however
within those who use those words, and that they use language that their audience can
perceive, avoiding slang, jargon or conversational expressions. Most significant, however,
sensible business managers actively hear their audience, raise queries and encourage
feedback to make sure that each the meant info and that means of a message area unit
understood.
TASK 3
P4 Clarify the main approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers.
Operations managers square measure chargeable for managing activities that square
measure a part of the assembly of products and services. Their direct responsibilities embrace
managing each the operations method, clutch style, planning, control, performance
improvement, and operations strategy. Their indirect responsibilities embrace interacting with
those managers in different purposeful areas inside the organisation whose roles have a
control on operations. Such areas embrace selling, finance, accounting, personnel and
engineering.
Operations managers' responsibilities include:
Human resource management – the individuals utilized by AN organisation either work on to
produce a decent or service or give support to people who do. Individuals and therefore the
means they're managed are a key resource of all organisations.
Asset management – AN organisation's buildings, facilities, instrumentality and stock square
measure directly concerned in or support the operations perform.

Cost management – most of the prices of manufacturing merchandise or services square
measure directly associated with the prices of feat resources, reworking them or delivering
them to customers. for several organisations within the non-public sector, driving down
prices through economical operations management offers them a crucial competitive edge.
For organisations within the not-for-profit sector, the flexibility to manage prices is not any
lesser.
P5 Clarify the importance and value of operations management in achieving commercial
objectives.
The common belief amongst the folks was to believe that the operations management
was vital solely within the producing business. the idea was supported with the actual fact
that the producing business had to require care of additional variety of processes and
operations ranging from getting the raw materials until the products area unit sold-out and
conjointly in several cases when sales help was conjointly was thought-about therefore
making the idea that the operations management is vital to producing business. just in case of
the service industry they need varied amounts of method concerned ranging from
understanding the client must obtaining a feedback on the service and therefore at some
purpose the service industry tells the producing industry what they need and therefore to
manage operations inside the industry is as vital as managing the operations inside the
producing industry. Whenever a corporation is giving a product or a service then that
company needs to certify that the customers' desires and demands area unit met in the
slightest degree time. This can be a really vital method and therefore the selling team plays an
important role in understanding what customers' need and the way to fulfil it. The selling
team collects details from the customers' and uses it because the input for the planning of
product and services.
M3 Evaluate however leaders and managers will improve efficiencies of operational
management.
An Operations Manager is Realistic-A robust operations leader understands that
workers are a valuable resource and may effectively communicate with operations workers.
That not solely suggests that delivering the arduous facts and providing thoughtful and
constructive feedback, however paying attention to scattered workers World Health
Organization are a part of an equivalent team.

An Operations Manager appearance for Efficiency-An effective operations manager is
outlined because the master and commander of managing the input and output of resources.
These professionals optimize processes to decrease the price of products per unit, creating it
doable to sell at a lower value and feat a margin simply high enough to stay agile in
competitive business environments.
An Operations Manager Focuses on Quality-In today’s marketplace, the main target
on quality has progressed to making sure price at the supply. instead of use a provider that
features a rejection rate of fifty with provided components, an efficient operations leader
would possibly go along with a provider World Health Organization charges slightly a lot of
however features a lower rejection rate to make sure the product period and shopper
satisfaction.
Operations Leaders are Effective at offer Chain Management-Supply chain
management plays a significant role within the success of a corporation. Operations leaders at
intervals a company are operating to style and execute offer chain methods that maximize
productivity, minimize risk and effectively respond to fluctuations in demand.
D2 Judgmentally assess application of operations management and factors that effect on the
wider commercial environment.
Operations Leaders area unit Effective at supply Chain Management plays a big role
among the success of an organization. Operations leaders at intervals a corporation area unit
operative to vogue and execute supply chain ways that maximize productivity, minimize risk
and effectively reply to fluctuations in demand.
TASK 4
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers.
Organizational Direction
The role of company leadership is a crucial internal business issue. Your leadership vogue
and also the sorts of different company management impact structure culture. The positive or
negative nature, level of family-friendliness, effectiveness of communication and worth of
staff square measure cultural implications that result from leadership approaches. Firms

usually offer formal structure or direction with mission and vision statements. This square
measure progressive statements that offer the business for company selections and activities.
Other Internal Factors
The strength of your staff is another crucial internal business issue. Motivated, hard-
working and gifted staff usually manufactures higher results than motiveless, less-talented
staff. Your business processes and relationships inside and between departments and staff
additionally considerably impact business effectiveness and potency. During a high-
performing geographical point, staff not solely has talent, however they work well along and
collaborate on ideas and resolutions.
M4 Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and wider
community.
VALUE SYSTEM: It implies the culture and norms of the business. In different words, it
means that the regulative framework of a business and each member of the organization has
got to act at intervals the boundaries of this framework.
MISSIONS AND OBJECTIVES: completely different priorities, policies and philosophies of
a business is radio-controlled by the mission and objectives of a business.
FINANCAL FACTOR: money factors like money policies, money position and capital
structure conjointly affects a business performance and its methods.
INTERNAL RELATIONSHIP: Factors just like the quantity of support the highest
management enjoys from its shareholders, workers and conjointly the board of administrators
also affects the sleek functioning of a business.
Conclusion
The report concludes that the theories of management operations and designs of leadership
per the theories once applied to the corporate then higher results may be obtained. The report
focuses on the theories of management like the up to date theory that focuses on the
responses on the prevailing changes within the organization and during which the leaders will
create efforts in eliminating the things of resistance to vary, alternative theories that are

explained within the report square measure the classical and activity theories and also the
varieties of leadership that relates to those theories.

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