Impact of PESTEL Factors on M& S and Recommendations for Future Improvements

Here is a short summary of the assignment content in a paragraph: The assignment analyzes how various factors (PESTEL: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) affect the business environment and wider community. It highlights that these factors can have significant impacts on a company's operations, management, and decision-making processes. Here is the summary in workflow: **Read**: The assignment content carefully. **Analyze**: How different factors (PESTEL) affect the business environment and wider community. **Critically evaluate**: Application of operations management and these factors on the wider business environment. **Make recommendations**: For future improvements, such as following local trends and ensuring employees follow rules and regulations. **Conclusion**: Management and operation are key to any business's success. References: [list provided references]

Running head: MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION
Name
Institution’s Name

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Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager...........................5
Give introduction to the organization you have chosen and describe its management structure..............5
Note the command verb ‘Define ‘& ‘Compare’. Define Leader and Manager........................................5
Compare the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers...............................................................5
Analyze the roles of leadership and function of manager through different management theory and
practices...................................................................................................................................................6
Be critical in analysing and evaluating the different theories and approaches to leadership in the
business context chosen by you...............................................................................................................6
P2 Examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
context.........................................................................................................................................................7
Different decisive situations of the business............................................................................................7
The managerial function related to the proposed situation.......................................................................8
The role of leaders and explain how a leader could do things differently in such situations....................8
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, System leadership
and contingency...........................................................................................................................................9
The different leadership approaches with reference to the proposed business situations.........................9
Roles of leadership and management functions have developed through different theories of
management..........................................................................................................................................10
The leadership and management functions in the situational, system based and contingency approach 10
The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches mentioned above to the situations within the
given business environment...................................................................................................................11
Assess the different approaches in different situations..........................................................................12
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play
with reference to the chosen organization..................................................................................................12
An introduction to the key operations of the organization.....................................................................13
Details of each of the key operational functions....................................................................................13
Explain the key operational approaches to operations management......................................................14
Explain the roles played leaders and managers in your chosen organization to apply the key operational
approaches listed above.........................................................................................................................15
P5- Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives with
special reference to the chosen scenario....................................................................................................15

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Explain the importance of operation management.................................................................................15
What value it adds to the success of the business..................................................................................16
How operational efficiencies can be improved to successfully meet business objectives using
appropriate management and leadership approaches.............................................................................16
Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management to
successfully meet business objectives....................................................................................................16
P6- Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by Leaders and managers with reference to the chosen organization.............................17
An evaluation of the impact of external business environment factors on your chosen business...........17
Evaluate how leaders and managers should account for the above factors in making operational and
management decisions...........................................................................................................................18
Analyze how these different factors affect the business environment and wider community................18
Critically evaluate application of operations management and these factors on the wider business
environment...........................................................................................................................................19
Make appropriate recommendations to be taken by the organization for future improvements.............20
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................21
References.............................................................................................................................................22

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Introduction
Operational management is very crucial in the business environment. It can be said that the
operations in the business environment is as much effective as any other crucial factors of the
business. It is the operations of the business that can be decisive in having the success in business
field.

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P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Give introduction to the organization you have chosen and describe its management
structure
Marks & Spencer has been giving its servitude in the retail sector for many years. It is mainly a
UK based company with over eighty thousand employees and more than eight hundred stores
only in UK. The company has many branches in different part of the world.
Note the command verb ‘Define ‘& ‘Compare’. Define Leader and Manager
Leaders: The leaders are the one who motivates and takes care of the employees in the field of
work. They are the one who show the correct path of work as far as the working field is
concerned.
Managers: They are the ones who manage the changes and create new ideas for the sake of the
company. They are not concerned about the employees; they are concerned about their works
and results of the outcomes.
Compare the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers
There many differences in the roles of the leaders and the managers and they are as follows,
 Leaders have followers and managers have employees
 Leaders lead and the mangers suggests
 Leaders build teams whereas the managers build reputations.
 Managers make changes and the leaders implement the changes.

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Analyze the roles of leadership and function of manager through different management
theory and practices
The roles and responsibilities of the leaders can be described by situational, contingency, system-
based or strategic management theories. The leaders have to take the decisions and motivate the
employees based on the theories in order to be effective in the field.
Be critical in analysing and evaluating the different theories and approaches to leadership
in the business context chosen by you
 M&S may have different situations where the new branches are going to take place.
Transformational leadership theory will be appropriate to control the environment of the
new business branch.
 If the company decides to change the structure of the business then structural or system-
based theory will applicable in that particular situation (Belenzon, & Tsolmon, 2015).
 If M&S want to make new strategies, strategic theory will best to describe the situation.
They will be able to build the strategies based on the theory.

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P2 Examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different
situational context
Different decisive situations of the business
Marks & Spencer is a renowned company in the retail business environment and has been giving
its servitude for many years. The organization has faced many marketing situation depending on
which they have brought many changes in the business environment. The changing situations in
this case can be considered as the decisive situations. The decisive situations are as follows,
Change in the structure of the business: There is a structure for every single business
depending on which the business builds their particular strategies. The business needs to change
its structure when the scenario of the market is changed. The departments of the organization are
needed to be rebuilt and the process of work also gets the necessary changes (Bhuiyan, 2014).
Decision to change the business strategies: The business strategies are mainly taken depending
on the market research and market condition. The demands and needs of the customers also play
decisive roles in the field of the business. This is the place where the business actually plans to

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set the strategies. Sometimes the changes in the needs and demands affect the strategies and the
organization changes the strategies depending upon the conditions.
Decision to open new branches: This is the situation where many customers in different places
of the country demand to get the servitude of the company. Marks & Spencer must consider the
demand of the customers and they must approach to open new branches where the demands and
needs of the products are very high.
The managerial function related to the proposed situation
The managers of the company play vital roles in order to handle the above mentioned situation.
There are three situations that can be decisive in the field of the business. First of all when the
business approaches to change the structure of the business the managers take all responsibilities
in order to develop the new structure of the business which suits the changes in the market.
Secondly the managers are the one who design the new strategies of the business if the old
strategies stop working in the marketing field. The managers are the one who make the decision
to open up new branches in the places where the demand of the products of the company is high.
The role of leaders and explain how a leader could do things differently in such situations
The leaders are the ones who take care of the organizational works and the employees of the
company. It can be said that the role of the leaders are very crucial in the field of the business.
They are the ones who actually motivate and help the employees to survive different change
situations. It is the capabilities of the leaders that help the employees to work under tremendous
pressure (Brüning, 2010). It doesn’t matter whether it is a structural change or a strategic change,

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the leaders always set a path of work and the employees reach their business objectives by
following that particular path.
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership,
System leadership and contingency.
The different leadership approaches with reference to the proposed business situations
There are different styles of leadership theories among them three theories are perfect to describe
the different situations of the business. The theories are as follows,
Situational leadership: To handle the changes in the structure of the business the leaders always
tend to follow the situational leadership theory. In this theory the leaders always decide the
movements depending on the situation of the organization. Of the organization wants to change
the structure of the company then the leaders will also take necessary steps that suit the structural
change.
Strategic Leadership: This leadership theory tells a leader to take the decisions based on the
strategies of the company (Jankowska, 2012). It can be said that the leaders must make the
necessary movements but the movements must be linked up with the strategies of the company.
Transformational leadership: In this leadership approach the leaders always try to divide the
responsibilities and the duties with the eligible employees of the company. In this case if M&S
tends to open a new branch where the demand is high then the leaders must give responsibilities
to other experienced employee. That particular employee will act as a leader in that new branch.

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Roles of leadership and management functions have developed through different theories
of management
There are various types of management theories starting from the traditional theories to modern
theories. The leaders of the organization sometimes follow the theories in order to develop the
leadership and the management function in the working environment. The theories are as
follows,
Chaos Theory
This theory actually tells about the change of the company or the organization. It says that the
change in the organizational environment is inevitable. The leaders and the managers of the
company must take the decisions and control the environment based on the change of the
company.
Theory X and Theory Y
These two theories see the organizational activity from two different points of views. Theory X
actually says that the workers of the company are automatically motivated to work in the
organizational environment whereas Theory Y suggests the leaders and the managers of the
company to motivate the employees or the workers in all new ways in order to maintain the work
flow (Media, 2014).
The leadership and management functions in the situational, system based and contingency
approach

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Situational Theory
This management theory actually says the leaders and the managers to take the decisions and
build the strategies based on the situation of the company. It is obvious that the situations of the
organization keep on changing depending on the market surroundings so the leaders and the
managers must take their decisions based on the situations only.
Systems Theory
In this theory of management the managers and the leaders are always aware of the situations of
the company and they always keep a close look that how the changes in the systems are affecting
the workers. Based on this they take their decisions.
Contingency Theory
This theory of management actually tells the leaders and the managers to take new decisions for
new situations. The theory does not say to take the same decision for different situation so the
leaders and the managers of the company must follow the trend of the theory (Media, 2015).
The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches mentioned above to the situations
within the given business environment
Strengths
 The theories always aware of the situations of the organization so these theories are very
handy in the changing situations.
 Helps the leaders and the mangers to take their decisions.

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 The workers and the employees of the company get all the assistance from the leaders
and the mangers that follow these theories.
Weaknesses
 The theories are old and conventional. Sometimes these theories do not fit the modern
companies, so are not as much effective as they are likely to be.
 The employees and the workers sometimes are told to take their own decisions and that is
where the main problems rise.
Assess the different approaches in different situations
Situational theory can be very effective if the organization is making any changes in the
strategies. It means that the theory and its suggestions will help the company to make effective
decisions in the changing situations (Nomination of Elaine C. Duke, 2009).
Contingency theory helps the organizational leaders and managers to take new decisions for new
situations. It has many effects in terms of the success of the organization.
System theory actually helps the organization in taking important decisions to rebuild the system
and its structure. It can be said that the theory is very effective and can play decisive role in the
part of building the system.
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play with reference to the chosen organization

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An introduction to the key operations of the organization
o The processes involved to produce the expected outcomes
There are many processes by which the products and the services for the
organization are generated.
 Going through the requirements of the customers
 Identifying the inputs
 Selecting the eligible employees in the field of production.
 Delivering the outputs
o Describe the key inputs required
The key inputs those are required always depend on the criteria of the customers.
Anyhow there are some common inputs like,
 Raw material
 Production procedures
 Demand lists of the customers
Details of each of the key operational functions
o Identify the key roles and responsibilities of a manager in those functions
The managers are the one who take all the responsibilities to gather the required
information about the demand of the customers. It can be said that the demands of
the customers decide what type of product the company is going to produce. The
managers then order the raw material and select the employees or workers who
will be in the production department (Smith, & Mounter, 2008).
o How a leader could think and do things differently

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There are many conventional ways in operations of the business. The leaders can
invent new paths in which the employees and workers can work. The new paths
must be effective than the conventional so that the workers find it easy to deliver
the right products for the right customers.
Explain the key operational approaches to operations management
o Lean Production
Lean production actually removes the unnecessary items from the manufacturing
department. The main motto of this production is to concentrate in the main
stream of manufacturing.
o Total Quality Management
This management approach actually motivates the leaders and the managers of the
company to improve the procedures and the approaches in order to maintain the
long term customer satisfaction. It says that all the members of the organization
must take part in improving the processes, products and services and the cultures
in their works.
o Just in time
This procedure mainly helps the organization to increase the efficiency of the
employees and decrease the waste by receiving the exact raw materials those are
needed to manufacture the products. This method actually suggests the producers
to forecast the demand of the customers accurately.
o Continuous Improvement
This process mainly says the managers or the leaders of the company to make
continuous improvements in the processes of producing the goods. It means that

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the process actually says to upgrade the entire system every now and then in order
to be effective in the field ("Startup company faces legal battle over battery
design", 2013).
Explain the roles played leaders and managers in your chosen organization to apply the
key operational approaches listed above
The leaders and the managers play vital roles in terms of producing the goods for the companies.
It can be said that the leaders and the managers are the ones who can collect all the information
about the demands and the requirements of the customers. They are the one who suggest the
inputs and the process of works. The leaders help the workers to produce the products and the
managers decide the process. These are the roles of the leaders and the managers in terms of
producing the products of the company.
P5- Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business
objectives with special reference to the chosen scenario
Explain the importance of operation management
The importance of operational management can be explained in the following ways,
 Operations of the business are the main and primary thing for the business. The
organizations are mainly take part in the business field in order to make some operational
activities. These activities are done to satisfy the customers with products of the
company.

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 Operational management decides the products that the organization is going to produce.
 The demand and the needs of the customers are provided by the operational management
team only.
 Operation management decides the process of work inside the organizational
environment.
What value it adds to the success of the business
One can say that if the products of the company are able to survive in the market then the
business is going to get success in the field. Operation management actually helps the company
to produce the required products depending on the demand of the customers. This management
team actually takes closer looks to the demand and the needs of the customer depending on
which the company produce the products. Then it is obvious that the products are going to run
properly in the market and the credit mainly goes to operational management team.
How operational efficiencies can be improved to successfully meet business objectives using
appropriate management and leadership approaches
The leaders and the managers are the ones who can take the business to different level of
success. The operations of the business are mainly handled by them. Situation leadership or
management theories, contingency management theory, Strategic leadership theory etc. are very
helpful in order to make all kinds of operational activities inside the organizational environment.
Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management to
successfully meet business objectives
There are many places where the leaders and the managers need to improve their activities
concerning the management of operation. It has been seen that sometimes the leaders and the

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managers find it hard to get the proper demands and needs of the customers and the
organizations become incapable to produce the exact products. So it can be suggested that the
leaders and the mangers must concentrate on different surveys in order to know the demands and
the needs of the customers. It will help the company to put positive impacts in the market field.
P6- Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by Leaders and managers with reference to the chosen
organization
An evaluation of the impact of external business environment factors on your chosen
business
o Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
CSR is an initiative of the corporation to take the responsibilities and assess the
company’s effects on environmental and social wellbeing. The environmental and
the social factors are mainly taken care in this factor of external business
environment.
o Business Ethics
It actually says about the ethics of the business or the ethical issues of the
organization. Business ethics can also be termed as the corporate ethics. The rules
and the principles of the business can be described by this factor.
o Stakeholders
Stakeholders are the ones who are directly or indirectly connected with the
organization. The employees or the shareholders of the company can be termed as
the stakeholders of the company. Their impact on the business environment is

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more than what words can say. Depending on their activities the company
operates the whole scenario of the business.
Evaluate how leaders and managers should account for the above factors in making
operational and management decisions
The leaders and the managers are the ones who are responsible for every activities of the
business. So they will be the one who will have to control the external environment factors and
their impacts upon the business. The leaders and the managers can be very decisive in order to
maintain the organizational work flow by give all kinds of guidance and motivation. They are the
ones who can motivate the employees or the stakeholders to be in the workflow (ZIEGLER,
HAGEN, & DIEHL, 2012).
Analyze how these different factors affect the business environment and wider community
It requires a PESTEL analysis to know about the different impacts of the business environment.
Political
It says about the rules and regulations of the government that sometimes give limitation in many
fields of the business.
Economic
The economy of the country tells the business to make strategies accordingly in order to be
effective in the market
Social
The local trends of the local community decide the need and demand of the customers. It helps
the organization to decide about the production.

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Technological
The invention of advance technologies says that the company cannot afford to follow the old
technologies. They must upgrade themselves in order to be effective in the market.
Environmental
The business must not harm the balance of the environment. Otherwise it will harm the image of
the business.
Legal
The business strategies and the process of producing the products must be legal from the law’s
point of view.
Critically evaluate application of operations management and these factors on the wider
business environment
The operation management and the factors are very effective as far as the image of the company
is concerned. It can be said that the different environmental impacts can be decisive in the field

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of the business operation. The operations of the business will take place depending on the
impacts of the external environment.
Make appropriate recommendations to be taken by the organization for future
improvements
M&S must follow more trends that are going on in the local community. They must think twice
before bringing new trends to the markets. The employees and the workers must follow the rules
and regulations of the country more effectively in order to improve the image of the company in
the marketing scenario.

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Conclusion
Management and operation are two basic and the most important factors for any business. The
management departments decide all the operations those are going to take place in the
organizational environment and the leaders of the company helps the employees to operate and
produce the products for the company.

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References
Belenzon, S., & Tsolmon, U. (2015). Market frictions and the competitive advantage of internal
labor markets. Strategic Management Journal, 37(7), 1280-1303.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.2395
Bhuiyan, M. (2014). Integrated Tourism Sector in South-Eastern Asian (Mainland) Countries: A
Pathway to Develop for Economic Betterment. International Journal Of Business
Administration, 6(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v6n1p77
Brüning, C. (2010). WITHDRAWN: Foreword - Transport Impacts On Atmosphere And
Climate. Atmospheric Environment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.014
Jankowska, M. (2012). Residents’ Assessment of Promotional Activities of Polish
Towns. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, 5(1), 20-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2012/5-1/3
Media, T. (2014). Freight Brokerage Business (1st ed.). New York: Entrepreneur Press.
Media, T. (2015). Microbrewery, Distillery, Or Cidery (1st ed.). [Irvine, Calif.]: Entrepreneur
Press.
Nomination of Elaine C. Duke. (2009) (1st ed.). Washington.
Smith, L., & Mounter, P. (2008). Effective internal communication (1st ed.). London: Kogan
Page.
Startup company faces legal battle over battery design. (2013). Physics Today.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.027567

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ZIEGLER, R., HAGEN, B., & DIEHL, M. (2012). Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and
Job Performance: Job Ambivalence as a Moderator. Journal Of Applied Social
Psychology, 42(8), 2019-2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00929.x