Approaches to Operation Management

This article discusses the key approaches to operation management and their significance in achieving business objectives. It covers different theories and models of operation management, as well as the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers. The content also includes a case study on Uber Technologies.

Management
and
Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of leader and manager.........1
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................4
P2. Different situation base role of leader and manager function. .......................................4
P3. Discuss different leadership theories and model of approach..........................................6
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................8
P4. Key approaches to operation management.......................................................................8
P5. Explain the importance and values of operation management in achieving business
objectives................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6) Factors of Business Environment impact on management decision making. ...............10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
The operation and management are both different concept where to manage overall
internal activities in terms of employees, assigning roles and responsibilities along with
compliance towards particular organisation. Operation is refers about to implies inputs and
evaluate better outputs in terms productivity and profitability to accomplishment and further it
comprises performance to develop for guidance in perspective of working potential also get
developed (Cachon, Girotra. and Netessine. 2020). As per company having concerned must
ensures about demand of customer must get satisfied in manner.
In this report, the company has taken Uber technologies, is an American company that
offers cars and other transportation services such as food delivery and packages presumes on
rental basis where partnership with lime, electric bikes and scooter. The company is situated San
Francisco and operations in over 900 metropolitan areas worldwide. As per as report aspect it
having covers defines and compare different compare roles of leaders and managers along with
characteristics (Krishnaiyer, Chen and Bouzary. 2018). Different theories and model applies for
better understand, key approach and importance of operation management where different roles
play through leader and manager for attain business objectives. Factors which undertakes in
business environment which having impact on operational management with decision making of
leaders and managers.
MAIN BODY.
Task 1.
P1. Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of leader and manager.
Overview of Leaders and Manager:
Leaders: The leaders is positive influence to others for their accomplish target
oppotrunity and its having ability to develop. As per attributes and behaviour of individuals
through which they motivate among from others which suitable towards direction where it
provides overall completion of goals and objectives with having clarity and transportation. There
are different leadership styles which is assorted by leader to influence individual and group of
people in various situation. In perspective of Uber Technologies having responsibility along with
also provides optimum guidance .
1

Manager: They have an individual perception with proper measure and effective control
to task as per significant situation in activities where they performed in appropriate way. Roles
and responsibilities of manager performs on the basis of working operation and function which
relates in adequate manner (Fisher., Olivares. and Staats. 2020). As per manager of Uber
technologies tend to performed overall duties and training and development which accomplish
towards work aspect in effective way.
Compare between Leaders and Manager:
Basic Leaders Manager
Roles  A leader is having clarity
towards its vision and
objective and they plays
overall important role for
individual and team can get
proper guidance and attain
better pathways with its
completion of objectives in
effective manner.
 Optimum guidance is
necessity through which the
work is accomplish on the
basis of timely with maintain
proper standardised changes
are measured in compliance
oriented manner.
 The capability of leader is
having more potential which
helps to developed in their
working outcomes. As per
overall situation is measure
and seeking for suitable
solution towards issues or
 To establish compliance
oriented system with
having more
responsibilities in which
they have designed with
different formulate set of
policy, roles and guidance
which proceed with more
attractiveness (Torlak,
Demir and Budur 2019).
In perspective of Uber
developed policy that is
commence to follow in
effective manner.
 It is suitability essential
duties or responsibilities
which manger has
performed in formed of
various roles to divide task
assigned which proceeds
on better timeline project.
Training and
development, performance
2

challenges within more
suitability (Yong., Lim, and
Ilankoon., 2019). It is more
useful towards business as
with more productive
outcomes are convinced in
appropriate way.
appraisal and rewards
management in context of
performance and others as
well.
Characteristics  Leaders in which they have
easily attracted and
customised with well became
idol for others.
 Many other traits and
attribution like leader is
having better communication
skills, decision making and
proper deliverables of
guidance to channelise
others. They have positive
influence that leads to
business in better succession
planning to eliminates by
reducing complexities from
task and activities.
 Time management skills is
one of most basic aspect
in which manager assures
about that all task and
activities is developed in
time basis. Th highlight
about skills which is need
to emphasis about to get
productive manner.
 Other specification which
manager skills are those
that are used while making
effective interaction with
others.
Different Theories  The theories of leadership
contains one of suitable one
is Trait Theory.
 In management theory
have scientific
management theory
(Nahmias and Olsen,
2020).
3

Theories of leadership and management:
Leadership Theory
Trait Theory: It derives to identifies the specific which having personality traits that
differentiate leader from non leaders. It based on the premise in which leader are born or made
in context of leadership to implies innovative learning. Similarly, in context of Uber company
they majorly approach effective trait of leader who influence the people of organisation towards
goals and objectives.
Management Theory:
Scientific Management Theory: According to this theory, it helps to analyse and
systematic analyse the workflows where it main aim is to developing economic based
efficiency , especially within labour productivity (Vibhor and et. al. 2019). In Uber company
situation, approach to interpret the better productivity by enhancing roles and responsibilities to
assign individual and team.
Task 2.
P2. Different situation base role of leader and manager function.
In situation of business context they faces many different situation through which they
perform effectively to detailed scrutinize and measure the optimum highlight. In context to
proceed their working regulation on the basis of various complex situation to gain competitive
advantages from aggressive marketplace.
In following there are two major situation in which it highlight about roles of leader and
functions of manager.
Situation 1. Solving Crises Management:
In the basis of situation, in which management of company where overall task are
performed on the basis of setting criteria and implies changes to seek other facilities (Kovacs.
and Moshtari., 2019). The stake holder of Uber is facing negative implication in terms of not
having coordination, undisciplined work attainment within limited time period on conditions is
explained below:
Role of leader:
 As per this situation leader uses their leadership style as per to effective control as well
manager of situation that depend upon positive approach.
4

 By provide essential information related to task and also provide s important further
details which will make proper clarity of work objective and improve the trust and
relationship between customer and staffs.
 To evaluate accountability in perspective of decision making where in overcoming from
certain grievances which involves in workplace need effective decision making skills to
employees where they solve and developed better appropriate manner of skills and
competency.
Function of Manager
 As per situation arise of Crises in Uber Workplace where manager ensures to collected
important information with different framework that evolve with systematic planning to
schedule to effectively accomplish.
 To making sure that employees must shares their issues with managers and manager
need to provide some suitable solution with different ideas and suggestion. In business
related activities that considerate proper appropriates solution with enhance motivation
that leads them to increase growth in career.
Situation 2. Enhance advance electric technologies in Uber workplace:
By intiates to implement of advanced electric digitalised technologies in workplace to
having motive for better generates outcomes which helps to develops in productivity. The
involvement of leader and management of Uber assort to skills and capabilities along with
perform better function that elaborates in following aspects:
Role of Leader:
 To scrutinize different leader plays essential responsibility and under which it observe
to change marketplace regulation. Therefore, to accomplish better provide to having
clarity vision to employees (Sartal, Rodríguez and Vázquez, 2020). The working base
accessibility is obtain in advanced as per launch of new technology.
 In Uber's company leader provides different types of webinar and seminar related with
guidance generates about digital technology role,scope and benefits towards employees
productivity.
 By implies suitable decision making which is undertakes by investment purpose and
attain profitable outcomes within minimum amount of inputs.
5

Function of Manager:
 By playing different role of various function to design new policies and rules with
proper instruction in which employees follows guidance which profit did not get
diminishes.
 To recruit and hire effective skills, high potential workforce by providing them
effective training and development through which it gain better level of improvisation.
As per manufacturing and production services capability is promotes to enhance with
more better satisfaction .
P3. Discuss different leadership theories and model of approach.
Leadership: This is an concept of motivating where a group of people to act towards
accomplish a common goal. In business strategy that related with to direct workers and
workplace colleagues with a proper strategy to meet company's needs and wants. A captures of
essentials leadership is enhance to inspire others by providing effective ideas and communicate
in better way.
Leadership styles : Situational Leadership: This theory defines addressed about leader choose effective
course of action that based upon situational variables. By approaching significant
leadership which appropriate to implies certain types of decision making towards the
basis of decision making in different situations. In context of Uber company, this is one
of flexible theory in which it explain diverse range of situation as per accordingly. Some
of Blanchard and Hershey leadership approach to enhance better regulation.
Telling: As per this situation leader used to communicate within others through implies
strategies and planning is progressed to accomplish the task target.
Selling: In this leader sells or distribute their ideas and through that are processed within the
team and create completion to easy and coordinative.
Delegating: This is assort when leader and other team member gets their assigned role in which
they coordinate as parallel that shows interest in which strategy and planning to progressed with
overall collective analysis.
Participating: To motivates as well as invites to employees by leaders and having inspire along
with positive influence them through present innovative ideas which increase confidence to zeal
employees.
6

 Systems leadership: According to this theory it emphasis about leader utilise their skills
and capabilities that tries by leader to become expert to upraising the performance of
team. It basically part of mix of team member to better innovate that stabilize the
networking (Jabbour., Song and Godinho Filho., 2020). In this team member are opened
to represent towards ideas in productive manner. In context of Uber system leadership
style design and formulate more values, HR marketing and finance as in effective mode.
 Contingency Leadership: As per this leadership it provides the effectiveness of leaders
on related towards different situation within major factor such as work life, organisation
external and internal figure, relationship with workforce with leader . As this leadership
style in Uber company to maintain structure and style It is assort to building strong
relationship that get get developed in future .
Strength and Weakness of Leadership theories.
Leadership Theory Strength Weakness
Situational Leadership
Theory
This leadership support to
eliminates uncertainty with this
more comfortable among the
employee in processed. In
perspective of Uber implies
suitable direction in which
business are completed within
more effectiveness.
There is no assure about
positive outcomes in long terms
basis.
It contain more time to gather
all information as it create
impact on decision making
effectiveness.
System Leadership
Theory
In this leadership indiviudal
employees get to recognize their
own performance (Dong, Wang,
and Gong., 2020). For diverse
range of direction that enhance to
provide within different type of
leadership.
The procedure of decision
making is contains longer and
complex as well.
All condition are interdependent
on each other in which
probability of internal conflicts
increases.
Contingency Leadership
theory
As per this theory it is dynamic in
nature, it fluctuates as per
Contingency approach is very
rigid in nature where it very
7

according towards situation to
enhance decision making skills.
It helps to design the
organisational structure and plans
information decision system.
difficult to approach in practical
situations.
Its managerial is depends upon
managerial action depends on
the situations.
Task 3.
P4. Key approaches to operation management
As in individual business faces more complexities based situation where it operation
management based on operation management and it approaches that is assort to manage all
different activities in systematic manner. The results can be generates as positive and negative
and further Uber can enhance many approaches which is related with business related goals that
changes and explained below:
Total quality management: In this approach of operation management pursues to
improvement that involve in manufacturing or production procedure and after that delivery get to
presumes which improves quality of standard. It is usually a managerial prospect through which
certain level of improvement is enhance to process to attain more efficiency which makes long
term sustain as in appropriate way (Manikas, Patel and Oghazi, 2019). In Uber company allows
to implement best managerial practises which helps to manger and leader to organised and
delegate work to employees as per employees capability.
Six Sigma: As per this procedure with having optimum considerate and concern is to
maintain through which all complexities is reduces as per production efficiency which also get
to developed in effective manner. Similarly in Uber their production is majorly focuses on
services motive where they enhanced towards advanced technologies that increase mobility
effectively as well as to detect the errors for better improvement in positive way.
Lean Principles: It principles of operation management through which the mainly
determines through which overall cost of production must contain minimised. It is implies an
approach in which Uber with its suitable changes is implements in perspective of satisfy
customer as well as it also support to handle and manage with proper setting up the working
alignment. As per perspective of Uber Technologies, manager utilize this principle when
8

unwanted wastages to eliminates that creates barriers in production process. Whereas, Uber is
only having service production in which they operates their technologies resources that helps to
create flexibility and improves the bugs effectively.
Evaluation:
From above approaches of operation management as Uber company's manager can
consider to improve their technologies operation through Lean Principles , where it helps to
detect uncertainty and tries to improves operation activity process which increase mobility to
attain high process of mobility.
P5. Explain the importance and values of operation management in achieving business
objectives.
The role of Operation management is part of management which is concerned with
designing and controlling the internal process of production and redesigning business operation
in production of goods and services (Kandampully., Zhang and Jaakkola, 2018). The
responsibilities of operation management in organisation perspective that business operation are
efficient in terms of assorting few resources that is needed to effective terms in meeting customer
requirement. The operation management is having comprises with planing, organising and
supervision ion context of production and manufacturing to focuses on services aspects.
Similarly, in Uber company their operational management that helps to implement systematic
task and approach through highlight importance in following:
Importance of Operation Management:
 Product Quality: The Operation management making ensures about the quality
management, which enables product and services quality must in proper manner. The
quality of product is measured through reliability and durability. To highlight quality
management process enhance effectively measures that deliver optimum product and
service (Ferreir., Arruda and Marujo., 2018). As Uber technology make assure about their
service is their product that must involves quality that helps to making satisfy customer.
 Customer Satisfaction: This is the major key which enhance satisfaction factor from
proper sales and revenue implies to repeat consumer business. If the product contain
quality and demand is increases in competitive market then it reflects towards customer
satisfaction. The customer of Uber Technologies will satisfied through providing proper
deliverables of service in terms of greet, accommodation, better infrastructure etc.
9

Quality system will effectively provide a methodology that assort to create by Uber
operation member for attaining desired customer product.
 Revenue Increase: Through increased product quality and consumer satisfaction these
both aspect would provide better positive goodwill within industry (Berenguer. and
Shen., 2020). By attaining this type of positivity outcomes enhance to attract more
customer that expand to market share. As Uber has expanded their service through
worldwide in which they revenue generates in Billion figures.
 Waste Reduction: It is one of most essential elements of operation management
practises in which they involves advanced type of resources which develop and
customized manufacturing system of reduce waste and JIT inventory to mange the cost.
Through eliminating the waste within operation will allows to save cost. As in Uber
Technologies manager of operation management ensures that costing should implement
as per the budget and unethical waste get eliminates to increase the production process in
positive structure.
TASK 4
P6) Factors of Business Envionrment impact on management decision making.
Business Environment: It defines about overall surroundings which have a direct or
indirect that bears on the basis functioning of business. It also emphasis outside factor which
create direct impact on business which impact on decision making. As Uber Technologies is
having some business environment factors that essentials to involve for better optimise positive
outcomes results. In followings there are major importance of business environment as
considered:
Corporate social Responsibility: According to CSR practise is depicts about systematic
level of development such as social, economic and environment which is detrmines to attain
social outcomes effectively (Babich and Kouvelis, 2018). As per Uber Technologies manager
consider to associated with various practise through societal prospect that helps to controlled and
monitored the business effectively. As per this brand image and values are processed to
controlled and managed in better way to acquired in availability to better enhanced.
Ethics: It is usually known as per prior reflection of the different operation activities that
enhance to liable treatment towards customer as well as stakeholder of particular company. To
10

support for reduces the difference between arises in different practises through which optimised
more benefits to enhance better performed in business way (Chapman and Ellinger , 2019). In
perspective of Uber technologies they follows their ethics to provide more priorities to norms
and regulation which they follows in business such as not allows any illegal technologies to use
in their premises to enhance better availability of resources.
Sustainability: In this factor of which the business that focuses in long term aspect
towards competitive market place where high competition between multinational companies
faces of sustainability and durability (Gupta., 2019). Similarly, Uber is also faces more
competition between their competitors to having one objective for high competitive advantages
which helps to make sustain in market for long term. As in this situation Uber Manager will
undertakes all responsibilities by which better decision that enhance to provide that motivate
employees to attain more profit which increase business productivity.
Pestle Analysis : This framework describes about to scanning the external environment or it
utlise by individual company when they want to establish their venture in international region.
As Uber technologies use Pestle assessment in United Kingdom perspective to measure
opportunities and challenges that impact to their business operation. Political: This factor understands about norms and regulation which governed through
corporate governance that involves foreign trade policy, taxation etc. For Uber
Technologies they plan to establish in United Kingdom where the political factor is
stable in UK and many benefits get attain to Uber like foreign trade policy. But there is
negative factor of Brexit market that can strike Uber revenue because it did not allows
commence business in European Union. Economic: To reflect the information and report related with specific country economic
performance such as UK is having optimum GDP and employment rate is higher than
other countries (Mahmoudi and Parviziomran., 2020). Uber can easily attain better
revenue in UK economic growth basis because value of pounds currency is 98.6, but
some factor like inflation and recession are in uncertain. Social: This process is determines approaching target people in demographic and
geographic factor where age, gender, caste comes under demographic. But Uber
technologies can approach geographic factor as they can contribute their services in UK
on the basis of location wise. The population is UK is wide in range.
11

 Technological: By acquiring better or advanced types of resources where UK is having
better scope of Technologies and research and development are most prior for every
business enterprise. As for Uber technology is one of opportunity in terms of
technologies because in UK there is high scope of Artificial technologies that can
increase Uber growth in market. Environment: This is one of most important factor that helps to attain development in
society which promotes ethical working activities and timely contribute for society
development (Doering, Suresh and Krumwiede., 2019). Uber company is usage their
transportation services through high volume of fuel or petrol which harm environment,
in UK they insists to utilise for CNG gas resources that helps to growth in their business
activities.
 Legal: The factor of legislative emphasis about laws which commence to protect from
unethical corporate practises such as scam or any kind of illegal activities in which UK
is one of strict legislative practises. Uber company need to enhance compliance oriented
regulation and laws in their premises which are currently available in UK such National
Minimum Wages, Bonus Act, Equality in workplace etc. All these laws helps to
increase Uber legal aspects of business in positive manner.
12

CONCLUSION
As per above report of Management and Operation has come up with summarization with
project management is normal aspect for business enterprise, the roles of leaders and manager
characteristics who having different roles and function in terms of decision making and influence
to employees towards attaining objectives. Leaders and manager plays main role in context to
achieve targets to proceeds development in satisfactory manner. Leadership and management
commence to approach work through assessing working performance to provides positive related
outcomes. Furthermore, the operation management having approaches like Total Quality of
management and Six sigma where company situation concerned Lean Principle selects for
attaining goal. At last factor of business related environment helps to measure external
environment and other CSR, business values, ethics and Sustainability derives towards business
organisation.
13

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Babich, V. and Kouvelis, P., 2018. Introduction to the special issue on research at the interface
of finance, operations, and risk management (iFORM): Recent contributions and future
directions.
Berenguer, G. and Shen, Z.J.M., 2020. OM Forum—Challenges and Strategies in Managing
Nonprofit Operations: An Operations Management Perspective. Manufacturing &
Service Operations Management. 22(5). pp.888-905.
Cachon, G.P. Girotra, K. and Netessine. S. 2020. Interesting, Important, and Impactful
Operations Management. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management. 22(1).
pp.214-222.
Chapman, K. and Ellinger, A.E., 2019. An evaluation of Web of Science, Scopus and Google
Scholar citations in operations management. The International Journal of Logistics
Management.
Doering, T., Suresh, N.C. and Krumwiede, D., 2019. Measuring the effects of time: repeated
cross-sectional research in operations and supply chain management. Supply Chain
Management: An International Journal.
Dong, F., Wang, Z. and Gong, Q., 2020. Evolution of Operational Improvement in Management
Science/Operations Research (2000-2016): A Social Network Co-Word Analysis. South
Asian Journal of Management. 27(1). pp.54-77.
Ferreira, G.O., Arruda, E.F. and Marujo, L.G., 2018. Inventory management of perishable items
in long-term humanitarian operations using Markov Decision Processes. International
journal of disaster risk reduction. 31. pp.460-469.
Fisher, M., Olivares, M. and Staats, B.R. 2020. Why empirical research is good for operations
management, and what is good empirical operations management?Manufacturing &
Service Operations Management. 22(1). pp.170-178.
Gupta, M. and Gupta, S., 2019. Influence of National Cultures on Operations Management and
Supply Chain Management Practices—A Research Agenda. Production and Operations
Management. 28(11). pp.2681-2698.
Jabbour, A.B.L.D.S., Song, M. and Godinho Filho, M., 2020. Sustainability implications for
operations management: building the bridge through exemplar case studies.
14

Kandampully, J., Zhang, T.C. and Jaakkola, E., 2018. Customer experience management in
hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Kovacs, G. and Moshtari, M., 2019. A roadmap for higher research quality in humanitarian
operations: A methodological perspective. European Journal of Operational Research.
276(2). pp.395-408.
Krishnaiyer, K. Chen, F.F. and Bouzary, H. 2018. Cloud Kanban framework for service
operations management. Procedia Manufacturing. 17. pp.531-538.
Mahmoudi, M. and Parviziomran, I., 2020. Reusable packaging in supply chains: A review of
environmental and economic impacts, logistics system designs, and operations
management. International Journal of Production Economics, p.107730.
Manikas, A.S., Patel, P.C. and Oghazi, P., 2019. Dynamic capital asset accumulation and value
of intangible assets: An operations management perspective. Journal of Business
Research. 103, pp.119-129.
Nahmias, S. and Olsen, T.L., 2020. Production and Operations Analytics. Waveland press.
Sartal, A., Rodríguez, M. and Vázquez, X.H., 2020. From efficiency‐driven to low‐carbon
operations management: Implications for labor productivity. Journal of Operations
Management. 66(3). pp.310-325.
Torlak, N.G. Demir, A. and Budur, T. 2019. Impact of operations management strategies on
customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions at café-restaurants. nternational Journal
of Productivity and Performance Management.
Vibhor and et. al. 2019.Work flow management for an information management system. U.S.
Patent 10,169,121.
Yong, Y.S., Lim, Y.A. and Ilankoon, I.M.S.K., 2019. An analysis of electronic waste
management strategies and recycling operations in Malaysia: challenges and future
prospects. Journal of Cleaner Production. 224. pp.151-166.
Online
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). 2019. [online]. Available through
:<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corp-social-responsibility.asp>.
15