Literature Review on Operations Management and Leadership

This assignment is a literature review on operations management and leadership. It covers various topics including Total Quality Management (TQM), technology management, lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, and sustainability. The review provides an in-depth analysis of the concepts and practices related to operations management and leadership, drawing from academic sources such as journals and books. The assignment is likely part of a graduate-level course or research project in business or management studies.

Management and operation

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................3
P1 Roles and characteristics of leader and manager of Ford....................................................3
P2 Applying roles of leader and manager of Ford in different situations....................................5
P3 Different theories of leadership apply in Ford Company......................................................6
M2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches............................................................6
D1 Approaches in relation to business at Ford..........................................................................7
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Description on the approaches of operation management and role of leader and manager
play. ...........................................................................................................................................8
P5 Explanation on Significance and value of operation management. .....................................9
P6 Description on the factor that affect the organization management and decision making. . 9
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCE...............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The operation management is the essential part of the organisation in this manner the firm
need to carry the all the operation of the business in the effective manner so that firm is able to
maintain the brand image in the market. The manager is the crucial part of the firm they need to
carry the all the operation in the activities in the effective manner. The manager of the entity
need to make timely modification in the business activities so that the firm can operate the
business function in the smooth manner. The present report is focussing on the activities of Ford.
This is the auto-mobile company, in this the all the operation activity is need to be considered so
that firm is able to run the operation in effective manner. In addition to this, it will discuss the
models and theories of leadership.
TASK 1
P1 Roles and characteristics of leader and manager of Ford
Leader- leader is a person who spread ahead a new direction to the manger as he control
or direct people and resources for accomplishment of goals. His direction or vision improves
company’s efficiency level.
Role of leader- leader is very important for the firm as he has the ability to delegate work
to his subordinates as his in authority that make him fearless. Some roles are as follows:
Required at all level- leader of ford is a top level authority that is important as he bring
cooperation and formulation of plans and policy(Alderton and Saieva., 2013). Middle and lower
level management interpret and execute the plans and programmes framed by the leader who
belongs to top management.
Representative of the organisation- Leader represent the whole organisation as he
conducts seminars, conferences and general meetings. His role is to communicate within an
outside of enterprise. He also represent his own department as he led.
Characteristic of leader- leader is a very creative person as he inspire all with his work
that is compare table in all the way to other. Some characteristics as follow:

Honest- leaders always should ne honest with employees and team members as being
open and truthful with those will take the leadership to the next level as this clarify the
employees that where the organisation. Honesty maintain its standard and open door for
everyone in the office.
Communication- A leader should know how to express the company’s vision to
employees. Communication perfectly clear all matter that is relevant to the team members as
their main as is to achieve organisational goal.
Manager- Manager is a person who is responsible for administration in the organisation.
As he hold the skill of managing resources for achieving company goal(Heizer., 2016).
Roles of manager- Manger plays a very vital role in the organisation as without him
company would not be able to survive in the market. Some roles of manager are as follows:
Informational role- Ford Company’s manager is very efficient as he monitor each and
every activity that is going in the form so that he can rectify all the mistakes that may occurred in
their operation and may affect their goal. He is a great spokesmen as he motivate employees to
bring effectiveness and efficiency in their work.
Decisional role- Ford Company’s manager also act as a entrepreneur as he leads the firm
to the path of success and ready to take any kind of risk for their business. He handles all the
disturbance that is going and may occur in the ambience of the firm. He also act as a resource
allocator as he allocate resources to all department according to their needs.
Characteristics- Manager is a very finite person as he carries a positive attitude towards
all in the firm. Some characteristic of manager are as follow:
Patience- manager has art of patience as it is very unique and it takes years to control and
gain perfection(Slack., 2015). He has deep understating and awareness with each and every
employee who is working for them and teach all the aspects of job to achieve the organisational
goals on time.
Effective decision making- Manager of Ford takes every decision in the Fever of firm as
they want it to achieve great success along with profit for the organisation.
M1 Comparison between leader and manager
Basis Leader manager
Roles Leader is very essential for
the organisation as his
Managers have all the
information about each and

required at all level of the
management. They represent
the whole organisation as
they bring efficiency done by
their subordinates.
every activity that is going in
the organisation and provide
as per the needs of
employees(David., 2011). He
has the authority to take any
kind of decision that is
required for the growth and
upliftment of the company.
Characteristics Leader of ford company
should be honest toward each
and every one in the
organisation as his
communication decides
future position of the
company.
Manager of ford company is
very patience as he manages
all the activities very
effectively. His decisions are
considers by everyone in the
organisation.
Task 2
P2 Applying roles of leader and manager of Ford in different situations
There are many situations that occur in the organisation and affect the business in and out
as this situation’s outcome decides the future of the company. According to situations leader will
their role carried by the functions of the manager. Some situations are as follows:
Manufacturing- This is a situation which occurs when the row material get converted into the
final product. Leader of Ford uses his creativity in the situation as they have knowledge that is
very beneficial for the upliftment of the company. Manager organize all the activities of this
situation by controlling with the help of corrective measures. He also analysis quality of goods
and services at the time of production process.
Recruitment- It is a process in which people get hired by Ford Company(David., 2011). Leader
play a very crucial role in this situation as they influence the candidate for connecting with their
company and help them in achieving more success. In this situation manager staffs the
candidates and lead them toward their job role.

Operational situation- To operate different type of function leader and manager of Ford have to
take some crucial decisions. They have to encourage and motivate employees for working
together. Manager of the company creates some policies or rules and regulations that is helpful
for its business function and leader of the company provides training and development
programme so that employees can learn that how to work effectively.
Marketing- It is a situation where the company promotes it products by using different methods
that gives them more benefit of their efficient work. Leader’s communication expresses their
vision to other as what they are selling is best among all with the best price ever in the market.
Manager makes a plan that how they can sell their product at different tangents so that they can
improve their profit and ensure growth and upliftment for the company in the market.
P3 Different theories of leadership apply in Ford Company
In fort motor limited company many situations arise in which someone have to take
action for doing well in that situation. For the effective performance of the company leader and
manager can apply theories such as situational approach, trait or quality approach, functional
approach and system approach.
Situational approach- It is very common style of leadership and the company can use this
approach for its effective leadership performance(David., 2011). The company needs to apply
this theory for better functioning
Contingency modal- In the company different situations have different solutions so leaders can
use this model for their better performance. It includes vroom and yetton model that deas with
decision of leader and fiedler model that deals with relationship between staff members. So that
the company can apply this model for the process of leadership.
Traits or quality approach- This approach can be apply at the time of production process of the
organisation. From this theory leader can get the idea of increasing quality of product.
Functional approach- It is a key style of leadership process from with leader of Ford Company
can understand his duties and responsibilities that is beneficial for effective functioning of
employees. By applying this for leadership process employees can learn about work criteria of
the firm and leader can also provide guidelines to them.

M2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
Theories or approaches of leadership is beneficial for improving work performance of
Ford that is also provides help to define behaviour of leader. Situational approaches can be
applied in difficult situations from which they can get ideas to deal with that situations. But there
are many situations arises that depends on difficult circumstances. So the chances of a
successful functioning of this approach is very less(Slack., 2015). It is also very important to use
all this theory in right way that can be beneficial for better functioning of leadership process. So
all this approaches are helpful for increasing leadership performance but sometimes also affects
negatively by adopting this for the company.
D1 Approaches in relation to business at Ford
Ford Company wants to increase its productivity by 30 % at the end of this year. So for these it is
required to apply an effective theory that will improve efficiency of leader and also provide help
to achieve organisational goal.
The above discussed approaches can be applied to business in many ways as per the need and the
requirement of the situation of the firm(Alderton and Saieva., 2013). This can be apply through
manager and leader in order to maintain effectiveness and achieve efficiency. So that the firm can
retain in the market for longer period and will be able to earn more profit.

LO 3
3.1 Description on the approaches of operation management and role of leader and manager play.
The operation management is an important part in order to run all the activities in the
smooth manner. With the help of this there can be improvement in the quality of production of
business enterprise. The main objective of the enterprise is to have increment in the quality of
products and services in the effective manner. With the help of this entity is able to gain competitive
advantage in the market. The operation management is the process In this the various approaches of
operation management is given are as-
Dynamic approach- In order to sustain in the market and to earn global advantage it is essential to
improve the operation of the organization. As per the present scenario the ford is using the
traditional approach. With the help of this firm can able to gain the competitive advantage so that
there cab b reduction in the operational cost. They give major emphasize on the four elements such
are as contingencies, learning, knowledge and resolution of problem.
Linear sigma approach- This is the kind of statistical approach which is very helpful in order o have
identification in the drawbacks and to improve the lacking points. The quality management
approach is ne of the best approach which is useful in order to have measurement in the quality and
have improvement in the system in timely manner. With the help of his there can be reduction in the
wastage, which help to increase the customer satisfaction and operation effectively. In this there are
two methods are given are as DMAIV and DMADV with the help of this there can be effective
analyze of lacking points and to make strategy there ca be improvement in the weak points.
Lean production graphic- This is the kind of systematic approach in this here can be elimination in
the wastage within the manufacturing system. In this there can have identification in the waste and
cab raised the overburden and west which is created because of work load.
Leader role in operational management-
The leader of the Ford plays the role as motivator; they use to motivate their employee so
that they can able to perform their best. They work in order to have innovative ideas which are very
helpful in order to completion of task on time. They used to coordinate with the other employees
and try to have identification in the strength ad weakness. They use to take various initiative steps in
order to set the vision and mission so tat objectivity of ford etrprise can eb achieved.
Manager role-
Thy used to assist the employees of the firm and will take effective step in order to satisfy
the customer. They used to play the role of monitor. They keep watch on the activities of the worker
and try to take effective steps in order to find deviation so that they can have improvement in this.
Wit the help of this kind of process the work can perform in more effective manner.

P5 Explanation on Significance and value of operation management.
In order to have expansion in the business and to attend the objective of the firm is the key
motive of the Ford enterprise. Without having effective operation of management it is not possible
to earn maximum profitability and productivity. If worker of the employees are not performing their
function in the effective manner than they are unable to run the activities of business enterprise.
They used to distribute the role and responsibilities as per the capabilities of the employees so that
they can have power to perform the organization function effectively. With the help of this the ford
can able to have innovation in this process so that they are able to perform the business function in
effective manner. This kind of process is helpful in order to earn profitability and productivity of the
business enterprise. . It plays a significant role in delivering valuable services to Metcalfe's
customers.
Operation management is important and helps to reduce operation cost of the organization.
It designs the process in such a manner so that optimum utilization of resources can be done.
P6 Description on the factor that affect the organization management and decision making.
In the present scenario the Ford enterprise is playing crucial role in order to take good
decision so that enterprise is able to run their function effectively. The two component such are as
internal as well external are affecting the working of the business enterprise in the following
manner are as-
Internal factors-
These are defined in the following manner are as-
1. Value system- This is one of the important which is affecting the operations of cited venture.
This is very essential for the employee to follow all the rules and regulation of the business
enterprise. If people are not taking this thing seriously than there can be occurrence of harsh
problem.
2. Financial strength- The economic condition of the company should be effective so that the
firm can run its operation in the smooth manner. If the firm is having enough capital
resources than they can able to provide quality good to the customers.
3. Relation between employer and employees- This is one of the core objectives in relation to
maintain the good relation between employees and employer of the firm they need to take
effective steps so that firm is able to carry the organisation function in the effective manner.
If there is weak relationship or bonding then people will not communicate well with each
other.

4. Suppliers- It is very essential to maintain the good relation between the employee to the firm
so that company can provide the raw material to the customer in the timely manner. This
kind of things are very attractive in order to earn large amount of profitability.
External factors
Ethical: In this it can be true to sad that Changes in taste and preference of customers take
place frequently and it is having large impact on the operation of the firm in this manner it is
essential to conduct proper research so that firm can able to understand the requirements and
accordingly services are provided.
CSR: There are various kinds of the policies that are implemented by different market. All
the operations within the firm are planned but when CSR are not effectively done, then it
affects the business operations.
Sustainability: There are many organizations that deliver their customers with similar
products and services. They make use of diverse strategies so that customers can be
attracted. In this context, cited firm needs to make use of strategies that will make them
sustain in the market and compete effectively.
CONCLUSION
Hereby it has been concluded that the management and operation is the important part in the
business this all need to be carry the operation of business in good manner. These report is majorly
focussing on the activities of Report has discussed about role of leader and manager, both are
important person and play significant role in the entity. In this it can be true to said that Risk taking
ability and innovative ideas of leaders can help the corporation in enhancing its profitability.
RECOMMENDATION
Employees are the face of organization, in this manner they should make direct
communication with the with customers. They are one who deliver services to customers and make
sure that all the issues that are faced by them are clarified. In this context, cited firm should make
sure that workers are provided with proper training so that they will be able to develop their skills
and deliver high quality services to customers.

REFERENCE
Journal & Book
Alderton, P. and Saieva, G., 2013. Port management and operations. Taylor & Francis.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
O'Fallon, M. J. and Rutherford, D. G. eds., 2011. Hotel management and operations. John Wiley
& Sons.
Slack, N., 2015. Operations strategy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
David, F. R., 2011. Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Peaeson/Prentice Hall.
Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P. and Malhotra, M. K., 2013. Operations management: processes
and supply chains (Vol. 1) New York, NY: Pearson.
Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012. Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan.
Kuruppuarachchi, D. and Perera, H. S. C., 2010. Impact of TQM and technology management on
operations performance IUP Journal of Operations Management 9(3) pp.23.
Cherrafi, A. and et.al., 2016. The integration of lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and sustainability: A
literature review and future research directions for developing a specific model.Journal of
Cleaner Production. 139. pp.828-846.
Dong, Y. and Huang, J., 2013. A leader-following rendezvous problem of double integrator multi-
agent systems. Automatica. 49(5). pp.1386-1391.
Goodall, A. H. and Pogrebna, G., 2015. Expert leaders in a fast-moving environment. The
Leadership Quarterly. 26(2). pp.123-142.
Griep, Y. and et.al., 2016. The mitigating role of leader‒member exchange when perceiving
psychological contract violation: a diary survey study among volunteers. European Journal of
Work and Organizational Psychology. 25(2). pp.254-271.
Hatch, M. J. and Cunliffe, A. L., 2013. Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern
perspectives. Oxford university press.
Henkin, T. M., 2016. Classic Spotlight: Regulatory Function of Leader RNAs.Journal of
bacteriology. 198(5). pp.743-743.
Hoffman, B. J. and et.al., 2013. Leader narcissism and ethical context: Effects on ethical leadership
and leader effectiveness. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 20(1). pp.25-37.

Kalra, J. and Kopargaonkar, A., 2016. Quality improvement in clinical laboratories: a six sigma
concept. Pathol Lab Med Open J. 1(1). pp.11-20.
McGivern, G. and et.al., 2015. HYBRID MANAGER–PROFESSIONALS'IDENTITY WORK:
THE MAINTENANCE AND HYBRIDIZATION OF MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM IN
MANAGERIAL CONTEXTS. Public Administration. 93(2). pp.412-432.
Newman, A. and et.al., 2014. Examining the cognitive and affective trust-based mechanisms
underlying the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational citizenship: a case
of the head leading the heart?. Journal of Business Ethics. 123(1). pp.113-123.
Nowicka, M. and Vertovec, S., 2014. Comparing convivialities: Dreams and realities of living-with