Operations Management: Devices and Strategies

This assignment delves into the multifaceted world of operations management. It examines diverse operational management devices and methods, drawing upon patents and scholarly articles to illustrate their applications. The focus extends to strategic aspects like sustainable operations, risk assessment in infrastructure, and demand-side management within power systems. The exploration encompasses historical trends in operations management and highlights its role in various sectors such as healthcare, transportation, and public services.

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Role and characteristics of manger and leader- ....................................................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................5
P2 In different situation role and function of manger and leader...............................................5
P3 Theories and model of leadership-.........................................................................................6
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................8
P4 Key approaches of operation management-...........................................................................8
P5 Importance and value of operation management-..................................................................8
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P6 Impact of operation management on environment - ...........................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation are play important role in the leader and management taking
decision related to organization. Taking Mark and Spencer company. This company is related to
retail sector. In the first part of this report will define basic role and character stick of the manger
and leader. They are work in different situation and play different role for facing challenges. In
this report also having approaches of operation management level and befits in this company.
Thus, with the thorough examination and detailed analysis key approaches of operation
management like six sigmas, TQM. This report also defying importance of operation
management in the M$S company. It also having impact of operation management in
environment.
LO 1
P1 Role and characteristics of manger and leader-
Leader is a person those taking responsibility of team and give commands, direction of
the team and organization.
Characteristics of leader-In M$S company having these characteristic sticks in the leader- Honesty- A leader is always being open and truthful with subordinates, employ and the
organization. M$S leader is having these qualities then lots of opportunities open for the
team member and self (White 2016). Communication- If a leader communication is good then every team member share the
opinion, problem and ideas. M$S leader is having this quality that's why they listing and
understanding other improve the quality of plan.
 Confidence - Every leader having the confidence then they represent over organization
and team. They also having confidence they can talk with people.
Role of leader- in M$S Company a leader play these roles - Organization representative- M$S leader is the representative of the organization in
seminars conferences and general meting. He is represented of our team which he is lead
and also organize program. He is communicated with the people of outside of the
organization (Winkler and Choban 2015). Personal goals ingratiated and reconciles with organization- He is match goal with the
organization and try to co-ordination with they organization and the team member there
by archive to organization and personal goal.

 He is as a guide and friend – A leader is play most important role in the team. He is
guider and friend in the team because he shares all thinks like thinking, opinion etc. they
listing members personally and solve organization problems. They give solution with his
intelligence.
A manger is also having these characteristics must- Leadership skill- A good manger should be able to lead other and mange to employee.
M$S manger having quality then they can easily lead to subordinate ate and make the
plan fir achieving the goal and target of the organization. Planning skill- A manger is having this quality of making plan and implement on these
plan. They make plan for the adopting new technology, increasing in profitability,
motivation and complete target.
 Problem solving – A good manger is also having these qualities and they good listing and
speaking. M$S manger is having also these quality they solve employee and team
member problem and providing the best solution.
These roles play a manger in M$S- Subordinates representative – He is the link between they top level management and
work group. M$S manger is listing to subordinate and put the problem in front of
manger. Manger is always represented their team and subordinate performance in front of
top level management (Chiu and et.al. 2016). Appropriate counselor of leader- A leader has lots of power and authority of the
organization. He is give the guidance of the subordinate and organization. M$S company
give the guidance after learn situation's and employees condition.
 Managing and leading- M$S manger mange all type of thing and lead the leader plan
and target. They mange all type of activity of organization and then lead to leader and
staff.
LO 2
P2 In different situation role and function of manger and leader Conflict at workplace- A company is many times facing the conflict problem. This
conditioning in come from some differences between the employee and the management.
A manger and a leader is play very important role to resolve they conflict. So in this

situation M$S leader play role to make a plan for the employee and implement on it. they
also try resolve this problem with the help of manger take some decisions' leader give the
guidance of team member to what is important for their and organization. They give lots
of time to employee and define role and responsibly of there through in a company they
give the best environment to work it and leader also focus on they employee dialogue and
solve conflict to understand employ problem. They also provide new technology. This
company manager also try to match coordination with employ and team leader and give
the guidance of the leader. Some new plan make for the employ with help of the leader. It
is the give help to leader to achieve particular goal. They create staffing and selecting
some new employee who know about new technology and do help to employ. A manger
also try to control this situation and check they result (Ming and et.al. 2013). The
performed interpersonal, informational and delusional role. Manger makes new strategy
to resolve conflict. Manger. Manger and leader also investigation of reasons of conflict
and try to family-er with it. After research they give solutions and speak clearly reasons
of conflict. Employ productivity- This situation come from some difference come in organization
and employee thinking. In this condition m$S leader and manger try solve conflict's and
employee give the time in office but without working. A leader plays important role and
check over all every small detail where is employee waste they time. Give the
responsibility employee who can complete on time and leader can trust on easily. A
leader try to know about skills of team member and behave style then give they task of
them. Leader adopts new technology they employee communicate like mail, message
and Other network tools, team communication etc. a manger is also used their function in
this condition they make new polices and plan for employee motivation give the reward
and incentives to employ who give the best work. Manger also provide the training and
development programmer. Manger also talk with senior explain the benefits of the
training and development program. A manger also make a plain employee do work from
home if they have some problem them like employee will ill then they can't come on
office then they do work from home. Manger also take the freed back from the employee
and leader. Management makes those of plan who gives the motivation on the employee
related to work and also provided work environment (Caniani and et.al. 2015). Role of

leader and manger function also play very important role in the organization every
condition in the organization the can resolve every type of problem. Opening new shop – In this M$S try to open new shop and increase the profit. So
manager mange all thing related to expand business and they recruit new staff related to
having experience in retail sector. Manger makes new police and strategy and also make
budget for the successful the plain manger and leader play 3 main roles- Interpersonal role – in this manger meet with new people and recruit and select the
staff. Manger is give guidance and motivation for contribution for the achieving target for
opening new business. In this situation a leader also maintain relationship between the
team and other organization unit (Lindström and et.al. 2015). Informational role -in this step manger collect the information and distribute the work.
M$S company manager also doing monitoring on collecting data and information and,
make plan for achieve objective. They also distribute the information of subordinate.
Leader also present their team in front of manger.
 Decision role – in this manger and leader take decision base on daily activities and guide
to employee.
P3 Theories and model of leadership-
M$S company also apply leadership theories in operation management. These theories and
models are- Situational theories- this theory is not give suggestion to one type of leadership. It is
defined every leadership style related to the condition of organization. M$S company can
also follow this leadership style. Leader can lead the employee and team member
according to task and organization, employee condition. According to this theory a leader
is best who can change self to according situation and easily handle that condition. A
leader saw the condition of task nature of team and other factor those giving contribution
achieving target (Wright and et.al., 2014.). But this theory also develop some issues like
taking time in decisions. A leader having knowledge about leader ship style according to
use. Contingency theory -in these theories say no best way to lead an organization. This
theory focus on the behavior. M$S company can also use this theory to leader know

behavior of employees. In this also including a leader contingent factor about leaders
capability and understand other variables in organization. This theory is close to realty.
This is also having some Theory benefits to M$S company like it also meaningful
analysis the organization and management. It also helps to interaction between
organization and its environment. It gives the guidance of manager to avoid problem and
develop new strategy achieving the task. This is also having some issue like focus on the
situation not focus resource and tools for achieving leader target.
 System leadership- M$S company work for the society. In society changes are rapidly
related to the trend, expectation and social media, globalization etc. some time result
come positive and negative. . In this condition 2 type of leadership qualities first is open
minded then other is closed -minded minded leader is change to condition and change
over rule to the according. Closed minded leader is not work on condition. They follow
only for old rules. This type of leadership is not good for the M$S company because
these type of leader mindset is switched according to organizations and individual
thinking. This type of theory is benefit to organization like a leader can concentrate on
end of result. It can through leader maintain the coordination of special activities. This
leadership style work only employee having experience, loyalty and intelligence this also
not increase the group productivity because in this leader work under system.
 Trait theory- this theory is developed on leader are born and made. This theory focus on
a person mental, social characteristic and physical power. In M$S company is can use the
increase value of leader. Leader having most of the qualities so no need of arranging
training programmer. It saves they money because employee no need of studying their
gaining power is strong (Fen and et.al. 2016).
LO 3
P4 Key approaches of operation management-
Operation management is the systemic practices of creating high level of effective. In this
coveting row mitral and labor to goods and services in good quality and effectively. This is
having 3 approaches-
Six sigma – It is the process and structure of improving organization and business. In this
including define of product measuring of quality, analyzed market value, improving in product

quality and control of business. M$S company is use to measuring performance and process of
business. This company also want to include it. In this manger make plan for sailing and
purchasing non defective product can beat quality product. Manger purchasing and sailing
quality improve and focus on the customer satisfaction. Leader also give guidance of improving
qualities and communication. Leader and manger also responsible for it. so they make new rule
and polices to include in this (Hasegawa and et.al 2015).
Total quality management- In this describe long term susses through customer
satisfaction. M$S manger and leader is make polices for focus on customer focus and
satisfaction. They develop new strategy with including customer and employee involvement.
Manger having responsibility to collate budget for TQM at the starting in every financial year.
They also having other duty to talk with employee related to TQM. This company manager also
arranging training and various other development program related to TQM. They also develop
new strategy. Leader is also developed challenging objective and targets in front of team. Leader
also managing various strategy clear and better understand what they are doing and why.
Lean manufacturing – This is through M$S company can continuously increase
manufacturing product. This is providing help of improving in quality and quantity. It is use to
business process that achieve to high quality, safety and reducing in cost of production. It is also
helped to increase productivity, reduces lead time of manufacturing. This is long termed process.
P5 Importance and value of operation management-
Operation management is give lots of benefits in the various section of M$S company. Reduce the cost of product and services – This is provided new technology and ideas to
develop products and service. Help of this M$S Company is developed new product with
minimum wastage and defective pieces. This management through increase the quality of
product and reduce the waste of row material. Reduce the cost of selling product and also
decrease cost of purchasing raw martial. They use minimum resource and develop the
fresh and non defective product. It is provided help of achieving target and improving
quality of product. Increase revenue and profitability- In this through M$S Company use of minimum
resource then save material and make maximum product. So they effect on the profitably
they also use long supply chain to Sale product and purchase direct raw material so the
saving meditates cost and also generate the profits and increasing revenue. In through

M$S company eager make they budget then they cannot wast of extra product and
services. In this through they save manufacturing cost an increase the product and
services cost so its directly effect on the profit and generate revenue. This through
employ also increase knowledge and utilize the time (Hasegawa, Nec Corporation 2017). Increasing in customer satisfaction- M$S company use the operation management and
increase the quality and quantity of product. They give customer to non defective product
So customer is attracted and satisfy to uses of product and they attract to purchasing of
product through the M$S company. Customer gets the best project then they loyal with
brand. Customer are give cheaper price and received the best product then automatically
their satisfaction level increase.
 Decrease amount of expenses – Manufacturing cost is reduced then machinery expenses
are reduced. Through the operation management generate new ideas' not only
manufacturing sector also develop for all organization. So it's providing help to
increasing the profit. They minimum waste of material and time then productivity will be
increase. Also, save they cost of information technology because they use new update
staff. Increasing in Employee manager and leader self motivation.
LO 4
P6 Impact of operation management on environment - Political factor – In this including all government factor. Like Govt. policy, foreign trade
police, tax police lobar law, environmental law all things in including this is having so
much impact on manager and leader decision because M$S company take decision
related and follow the government. In political sector having some changes then they also
do changes in decision related to company like Govt. do change in tax rate then manger
and leader take decision to company financial condition they also change in tax related
decision. Economics factor-in this changes doing impact on all type of business. Including in this
the economic growth, interest rate, exchange rate(Inamori, Casio Computer Co., Ltd.
2016). This factor is also having they impact on the M$S company leader and manger to
take decision related to demand and supply manger change in decision related to market
they change in policy to selling and advertising. They give focus on maintain image and
value in front of customer and attract to customer.

 Social factor – in this also including culture factor, attitude trend of population, including
growth of population age distribution, health, age attributes etc. these factor direct effect
on the manger and leader because M$S company is work for the society and employ and
they give satisfaction of them. In these changes' manger do changes in team strategy, job
satisfaction, customers and leadership style (Goel 2017). All type of taking decision a
manger want to change and make new strategy and mange the work. So minimum
inflation in society can change ever police rule and regulation and strategy can change.
Society can change in demand and supply of the company. Technology factor – in technology day by day increase. So these are can effect on the on
every strategy and objective of management like market production, distribution
communication things use new way. These type of changes are give impact on manger
and leader decision related to business process, manufacturing cost efficiency,
information technology etc. Environmental factor- theses factor is suddenly come in the organization and effect on
the raw material ans population, demand and supply. Some time having heavy rain fall
then they affected all business. They do fail in strategy and plan of the manger and spoil
target of the leader. It is effected of making policy of related to the demand and supply of
the consumer.
 Legal factor- in this including consumer right and la, product labelling and product safety
advertising police, health and employee safety. In this factor companies know about the
all right and legal issue. Manger and leader are making rules and regulation against the
legal write and Govt. change in it company don't follow Then they spoil company
goodwill in the market(Xia, and et.al. 2016).
CONCLUSION
In this research report Including role of leader and characteristic off manger. Diffing in
the different situation manger and a leader implementing our role and the function. In this report
using different theories and approaches models like situational leadership style, system
leadership style and contingency style. This report also having the operation management
approaches Six sigma, total quality engagement and lean manufacturing and also defining ether
importance of operation management and role of the operation management in leadership. Also

define political, economical, social, environmental, technological and legal aspect impact in the
organisations and leader and manger decision making strategy.

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