Management and Operations: Roles, Theories, and Approaches

This document explores the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, different theories and models of leadership, and key approaches to operations management. It discusses the importance of effective leadership and management in achieving organizational goals and provides insights into the role of leaders and managers in different situations. The document also highlights the significance of operations management and its impact on business objectives. The content is relevant for students studying management and operations in various courses and programs.

Management and
operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK1 ............................................................................................................................................1
P1: define and compare different roles and characteristics of a leader and manger:..................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2: Example of how the role of leader and the function of manger apply in different
situations:....................................................................................................................................3
P3. Explain different theories and models of approaches including system, contingency and
situational leadership:..................................................................................................................5
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................6
P4.Describe key approaches to operations management with role of leaders and managers
play .............................................................................................................................................6
P5.Describe importance and value of operations management for achieving objectives of
business.......................................................................................................................................8
TASK4.............................................................................................................................................9
P6.Factors in business environment that have impact on operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers..................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................13
INTRODUCTION
Management is an activity that helps in achievement of tasks and goals of an
organisation. Whereas administration activities includes the coordination of organisation's

strategies and goals in order to achieve success in the market, it also helps in achievement of
organisation goals and objectives effectively. In addition operation management refers to the
management of all the activities such as planning, organizing, coordinating and developing the
strategic plan for the future (Yang and et. al., 2020). It helps in proper utilization of resources so
that firm can achieve its target. This report contains the respected company Uber Technologies,
company is multinational American company that deals with various services such as delivery of
food, vehicles for rent, etc.
In this report, various topics tend to be study, such as role of manager and leaders in
organisation, different theories and strategy of operational management approach, operational
management and different role and responsibilities of operational mangers . Furthermore,
importance of operation management and in last various factors affecting operation management
in an organisation.
MAIN BODY
TASK1
P1: explain and compare different roles and characteristics of a leader and manger:
Overview of leader and manger:
Leader:
A great leader posses a clear vision, is courageous, and motivates their employees to
have honesty, hard work and clear focus. They manage all the things and see how activities are
working in the company . The main motive of leaders is to make vision into reality and put other
people first before their own needs. They encourage and make positive environment in the
company. The most important thing in organisations are united by the leadership skills.
Role of leader: Various roles of manager are discussed below:
 Strategist to organisation: In the terms of Uber technologies, A leader's work involves
developing plan for organisation and the work team members do. Responsibilities of
leaders includes outlining specific goal for an company and determining the steps of
employees to take to achievement of goals (Fisher, Olivares and Staats, 2020).
 Communicator: Every leader in organisation is critical communicator to others. They
are able to communicate their idea and thoughts to their employees. A leader should

communicate on daily basis to their employees so that they can maintain good
relationship them.
 Coach to employees: An effective leader give their employee the time and opportunities
to shine. A team leader or company leader should help the employee to grow and thrive
in their roles.
Characteristics of leader: below is a list of various characteristics a leader should have:
 Articulates purpose and goal: Leader are often communicate their goals and
objectives to their team members. A good leader needs to break down these objectives
by explaining why it is important for them to team.
 Exemplifies the culture: A good leader ensure that their team is doing all the tasks
effectively and help the organization to achieve all the goals and objectives of
company.
 Recognizes accomplishment: A leader should reward their employees for their
performance and appreciate their effort towards the organisation (Huang, Potter and
Eyers, 2020).
Manger:
This individuals ensure that all the task and activities in the company should done in most
effective way. A manager is work on enhancing a team's strength and and improving their
weakness (Cachon, Girotra and Netessine, 2020).
Role of manager: there are various roles manger plays in organisation:
 Figurehead: Manager perform duties such as management of all the tasks, planning of
future strategies, organizing the all the function.
 Monitoring: Mangers perform the function of motivation to the subordinates, providing
them right guidance, encouraging them for better performance so that they can give
effective outcomes to the company.
 Entrepreneurial: Mangers play the role of an innovator by give the company new ideas
and information.
Characteristics of manager: Various characteristics of manger:
 They build work culture of mutual trust: Trust is a major element of any organisation.
Manger should have the ability to build trust between the employees and organisation.

 They are assistive: A manger should have the ability and skills to assists their
employees effectively. They should focused on the performance of their employees to
work to gain competitive advantages.
 They handle pressure well: The key quality of an manger to handle work pressure well.
Mange the work in effective way so that organisation can improve their performance.
Comparison between leaders and mangers in the context of uber:
Basic Leader Manger
Role Leaders plays significant role within
an organisation and they motivates
others by providing right directions
As a manger provides optimum direction
to others that improve the quality of
work of their employees
Characteristics There are many characteristics of
manger that communicate and being
a coach to their employees
(Mazzarol and Reboud, 2020).
Mangers has the skills to build trust
within organisation and assist their
employees toward the organisational
goals.
Theories There are many theories of
leadership such as behavioural,
situational, transformation etc.
Various theories of management that
define manger, human management
theories, and systems management
theory.
TASK 2
P2: explain the role of leader and the function of manger apply in different situations:
As in organisation, there are different kind of situations face through the operation and
functions in an organisation. These situation are depend on the capabilities of an company to
gain competitive advantages by performing various situations in operation and functions of an
organisation (Benjaafar and Hu, 2020). In the context of Uber technologies various roles of
leader and functions of manger are discussed below:
New service development:

This defines new innovation or improvement in already existing service. That helps
organisation to gain competitive edges in the market. In the context of Uber organisation new
service development can helps organization to improve its qulity of services that is required in
competing with the their competitors. So in this situation employees needs to know about
information about the new service development. So in this situation leaders and mangers plays
important role. Mangers of organization needs to to educate their employees in other to gain
competitive advantages. And leaders of organisation motivates their employees to work hard and
leader the new services of organisation.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT:
It reefers to corporate management tool that help mangers to monitor employees
performance and work. As per covid 19 situation it effect the working and performance of many
employees in Uber organisation. These situation create many operational and financial
challenges for organisation. It effect many employees in the term of work and salary. Many
employees feels pressure to work from home, because technical and other issues. So in this
difficult phase of pandemic employees needs motivation and encouragement from their mentors.
Below is the detail study of the role leader should play and how manger handle this situation.
Role of leader:
In this situation leader play an important role to motivate and guide their subordinates
and train them according to situation to improve performance. In an Uber organisation the
vehicle drivers feels unsafe to work in this situation, so leader should guide them about how to
work with safety and make them comfortable to work. Leaders can guide them about the
technologies they can use at work from home. It is very important for leader to gain trust of their
employees so that workers can do their job without any pressure. Leader can help them through
different application such as Zoom meetings, google meet etc. thus leaders plays important role
in every situation (Babbar and et. al., 2020).
Functions of mangers:
Managers can adopt organising and controlling function so that they can handle this
situation. They can plan about how to train their employees to work from home with using latest
technologies. Mangers of Uber technologies, should motivate their employees to work in this
situation so that employees do not feel pressure to work in unsafe environment. Mangers should
have stable coordination with their employees and should communicate with them regularly to

solve their problems. Thus mangers can handle this situation by using different functions of
management.
Employee engagement:
By the employee engagement in the company employees feels passionate and motivate
for the work they are doing in company. In the terms of Uber technologies, how manger and
leader of organisation can engage their employees below is the detail study of it:
Role of leader:
Leaders play important role by providing ideas and information in the company that help
employees to be more effective. Leaders of Uber support and motivate the employees and
provide long term vision to them so that they can stay passionate about their work and
organisation. They can lead them towards to effective work environment, employee feel
motivated when they get support from their team leaders. Thus, leaders plays important role in
engagement of their employees.
Functions of manager:
Manager of Uber technologies, regularly meet their employees and talk with them about
their responsibilities and process of work so that employee can build their trust into organisation.
Meeting regularly with their team members, managers can address their concern and help their
subordinates to achieve goal of company. Engagement of employees is main motive of mangers
because they can improve the performance of their employees. Thus, managers of Uber
technologies, helps their employee to be more passionate and motivate towards their work and
organisation (Keskinocak and Savva, 2020).
P3. Explain different theories and models of approaches including system, contingency and
situational leadership:
System theory:
This theory is explained as style in which leaders have set skills and abilities which they
can use in company to support, analyse, and enable process in system of change. Below are
various elements of system theory:
 Act with responsibilities: In the context of Uber technologies, leaders take
responsibilities of ensuring that their employees is doing their work effectively and
efficiently. It is very important for mangers to give their subordinates reason to work with

passion and can bring change into organisation. Thus, leader with responsibilities
motivates the employees to work with efficiency.
 Look and learn: In the terms of Uber technologies, leaders always looks for generating
new idea and innovation into the company. They involve their subordinates in every
innovative activity.
 Engage and energize: With regards to Uber, leaders motivates their employees and
make them believe about task compilations. Encouragement is important to worker to
make them work accordingly.
Contingency leadership theory:
This theory of leadership analyse the particular leadership style that leaders use in the
company. Effective leadership mainly focus on situation as it is appropriate or not. It regarded as
a unique approach or technique of leadership as this theory define ability of leader to work in
different situations. It is most important aspect of Uber technologies, that define the condition of
leadership strategies in an organisation. In the context of user leaders can chose a particular style
of leadership that is followed by the company's culture.
Situational theory:
The purpose of this theory that leaders choose their leadership style according to the
situation in the company. This theory works on assumption that most effective style of leadership
is change from situation to situation. In the context of Uber, for most effective and successful
growth of company a leader have to adopt approaches and styles to diversified situation. Thus
situational analysis of organisation is depends upon the their leadership style according to
situation they choose (Grover, Kar, and Dwivedi, 2020).
Transformational leadership theory:
This theory refers to the leaders who wants to make good relationship with their
employees. It explains relationship between leaders and followers. This kid of leader motivates
their employees and make them motivates to work effective. Thus, this theory helps the leaders
to understand their employees and make good relationship with them.

TASK3
P4.Describe key approaches to operations management with role of leaders and managers play
Operation management is define as a dimension of organisation management which is
related with designing and controlling process of manufacturing of enterprise in making goods
or services. It assume as responsibilities of verifying that business operation are working by
optimum utilisation of resources and also meets customer requirements (Stevenson, 2020). By
highlighting key approaches to operation management in context of Uber Technologies are
discussed below: Lean production approach: Lean production is defined as set of techniques and tools
used to simplified and improve a organisation production system. This theory explains
about best method have to used to get output and results. Output is mainly affected by
various factors. For get desired output, reduction in wastage is considered by optimum
utilisation of resources (Paciarotti and Valiakhmetova, 2020). In context of Uber
Technologies, leaders and managers of company have responsibility to aware employees
to efficient utilisation of resources and also use electric vehicle to reduce pollution in
environment. By this productivity of work is improved and also helps in improving skills
of employees. Just in time approach: This method of operation management helps in concentrate on
process of production. This approach implies that production process have to be
completed with set targets and also in appropriate time. By this results are obtain which
are set earlier in planning phrase (Berenguer and Shen, 2020). When in organisation,
proper utilisation of resources are done in potential manner, process of production
become just in time. In reference of respective company, services are being
implemented in overview screened or taken care for reduced time and satisfy customer
need and desires. Total quality management (TQM) approach: This method is continuous process of
noticing, decreasing and eliminating mistakes in manufacturing process. This approach
helps managers or leaders to planning for long term to achieve success. By this,
company achieved desired results and also earns profit. In context of Uber Technologies,
TQM helps in increasing training and performance efficiency of company.
Role of Leader:

Leadership is a practical and research skill enclosing ability of individual, group or
organisation which leads, guide or influence other individual, team members or whole
organisation. Leader is representative of company which plays different role in department of
organisation (Jabbour, Song and Godinho Filho, 2020). They also have responsibility to
examine needs and wants of employees by motivate them to work efficiently and effectively. A
person as leader have to play a role by increasing productivity and profitability of team members.
In Uber technologies, Leader have responsibility to guide employees by showing right direction
to their team members so that they work efficiently and effectively to attain desired outcomes.
Role of Manager:
Manager is individual who have responsibility of all parts of company to manage all
department and people who work in it. They performs all managerial functions primarily. In
addition, they have power to fire, hire, discipline, monitor attendance and do performance
appraisal. They have ability to authorise vacations and approve overtime. Manager shapes
culture of organisation in numerous ways and they have proper skills about all department of
workplace. In addition, managers enforce policy of company to make environment which makes
employees hold on which they are accountable for their actions. By highlighting role of manager
in Uber Technologies are they should play a role at all departments of company such as
interpersonal, informational and decisional roles.
P5.Describe significance and value of OM for attainment of goals of organisation.
OM is managing business practices for make highest level planning in organisation. It
mainly concerned with transforming raw materials into goods and services in efficient manner to
maximise profit of company (Wong and et. al., 2020). It is a process that mainly plans, manage
and supervise production and manufacturing set up within organisation. With operation
management company can improve their goods and services effectively. In context of Uber
Technologies, there are many benefits of operation management for achieving business
objectives:
 Customer satisfaction: For repeat consumer business, customer satisfaction is key
factor within production and sales in company. It is a responsibility of quality manager
to ensures quality of product that satisfy customer needs. System of organisation
provide innovation in technology or methodology to use in certain order to make
desired buyers product. Operation management play vital role for achieving customer

trust for organisation. With prospect of Uber Technologies, manager of company
satisfy needs and wants of consumer by providing good quality of services on desired
time.
 Trends in market: In today's scenario, various trends arise in market at each new day.
These trends play important role to achieve and have to work on them. In Uber
Technologies, leader or manager take various steps for build relation with trending
market (Chen and et. al., 2020). By this, product and services are manufactured,
customers are also satisfy by their product. In addition, operation management helps
in retaining employees for long term in organisation.
 Increase in revenue: Operation management is helpful in generating increase in ratio
of profit within organisation. When profit is increase, this leads an opportunity for
manager to expand business in different sectors and to detain another market segment.
It results in making new plan and achieve it. In Uber technologies, revenue is
increased by innovating new technologies like pick it up or rating system.
 Productivity: This can be defined as measurement of efficiency of an individual in
completing task. In Uber Technologies, output is analyse by performance of employees
which is in effective manner. This can be achieved only through operation
management.
 Increasing scale: With help of operation management, scale is increase by research on
new technologies which have to be implemented according to trend in market segment.
By this organisation attracts new customers and also gain competitive advantage. In
prospective of company, scale is increase implement new technology like using quick
and high quality services. These implementation leads to increase in growth and profit
share of company.
 Reducing operating cost: By customer satisfaction, productivity and increase in scale,
cost incurred on servicing product is reduced. So by this, it leads simultaneously
increase in revenue by help of operation management. For reducing operating cost of
product it can be done by waste reduction. In context of Uber Technologies, operation
management is helpful for reduce operating cost and increase profitability of company.
As discussed above, managers and leaders play significant role in Uber Technologies. As
from this there is creation of relationship among leaders and managers leads to achievement of

desired results by utilising all resources according to capacity and potential of it. Decision
making process helps in analysing every situation and examine resources. The needs of
employees, customers are analyse and being fulfilled according to situation of market. Proper
planning process must be done for getting accurate results and efficiency in employees is
maintains.
TASK4
P6.Factors that have impact on operational management and decision-making.
Business environment is collection of social and physical factors that are undertaken
directly into consideration in behaviour of individual of organisation in decision making. There
are various factors which affect decision making and operation management of Uber
Technologies (Pekkanen and et. al., 2020). These factors have direct impact on organisation in
achieving goals and objectives. By changes, positive and negative decision are take by leaders
and managers. Factors which impact on operational management are discussed below: Political and Legal changes: In Uber Technologies, legal changes affects decisions of
company which are taken by managers and leaders. These changes are made in policies
which are being imposed in organisation and also affects planning process of Uber
Technologies. In addition, leader of company have responsibility to predict future
changes. Moreover, manager also have to play a role by managing and arranging
resources in organisation. Technological changes: It is a factor of external environment as technological changes
arises on each new day. These changes are acquired by Uber Technologies when
managers and leaders predict changes and plans for future. Financial status: Leaders and managers of Uber Technologies use financial status and
resources for making proper strategies which leads for completion of work in significant
manner. Cost of products and services have create decision that is offering to customers
of company which have impact on cash flow and profits of company. Resources of business : In prospective company, human resources are considered as
main element of all enterprises as they are work together. These resources must be
managed in systematic and proper manner so to take right decision (Wamba and Queiroz,

2020). The performance and productivity of team members affect operational and
decision management of company. Market trends: Every new day trends are being inspected in market. So it is
responsibility of leaders and managers of organisation to analyse market properly and
also evaluate requirement of customers. When in respective organisation, market trends is
analysed properly this brings success of company.
 Stakeholders: Employees, suppliers, customers, investors are included in stakeholders.
Investors are individuals who make investment only when they get interest and profits
which are desired.
 Values and ethics: Different values and ethics of people can affect the business of the
Uber organisation. Because every one has there own thinking process that cause the
differentiation of choices people share. To increase the satisfaction level of customers
with different values and ethics so that they can attract toward the company and help their
revenue.
It has been conclude from above, manager and leader have own responsibilities and roles
that helps in evaluating environment of business and make decision for achieve goals of
organisation. There are negative and positive factors have that impact business environment.
Factors like quality, cost are being examine properly so strategies can be implemented effective
and achievement of objectives. To improve resource management of company managers and
leaders use different techniques to change, this leads easy to staff and employees or organisation
to achieve mission of operations.
CONCLUSION
As from above report it is concluded, operation management plays significant role in
Uber Technologies. It provide basic information which is related to business where manager and
leaders play different functions and roles. Both are play vital prospects which leads to
achievement of organisational goals effectively and efficiently. In addition, report also include
different approaches related to operation management and how manager and leaders utilise these
resources in company. Moreover, this report also undertake different theories of leadership such
as system, situational and contingency theories. It also involve value of operational management
in business and different environmental factors in organisation which affect decision making of

leaders and managers. Lastly, it also include different aspects of managers and leaders top solve
factors which affect business environment of organisation.

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