Multi-objective Operation Management of Distribution Network
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This assignment focuses on the application of an efficient algorithm for managing a distribution network with multiple objectives. It involves considering fuel cell power plants and aims to optimize operation management, taking into account various factors such as cost minimization, reliability improvement, and environmental impact reduction.
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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 P1 Define as well as compare various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager. .1 M1 Evaluate and differentiate between the role of a leader and functions of a manager by applying the theories & concept.............................................................................................4 D1 Analyse various theories and approaches to leadership...................................................4 P2 Role and responsibility of the leader and manager in the different situation....................4 P3 Various theories and model with regard to the contingency, system and situational leadership................................................................................................................................6 M2 Strength and weaknesses of the various approaches........................................................7 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7 P4 Ways to operation management and duties of the leader..................................................7 P5 Significance of operation management in attaining goals of the company.......................8 M3 Leader and manager can improve business activity........................................................9 P6 Evaluating the factors and its consequences on the operation management.....................9 M4 Evaluate the factors which affect the business environment........................................11 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION Management basically involves the process of planning, leading and controlling the works of organisation members and using every resource possible to achieve stated goals. The administrative management, primary function is to solve issues and make appropriate decisions to make the system more effective and profitable.Its main purpose is to accomplish certain objectives (Bahmani-Firouzi and Azizipanah-Abarghooee, 2014). In this report on H & M Hennes & Mauritz, it is a Swedish multinational clothing-retail company, known for its fashion of clothing for men, women, teenagers and children.The industry has a significant online presence in 32 countries approximately. The principal aim of this organisation is to highlight the differences between management and leadership. It also explains roles of management and leadership in application to different organisational situations. Overview of Hennes & Mauritz It is a Swedish international clothing retail company which is popularly known as a quick clothingoffashionformen,womenandchildren.Hennes&Mauritzdealwithvarious independent brands. This brand stores are in about 62 countriesand provide employment to people at a large number. This develops a team of employees that make a sustainable fashion for people at all age groups at best offered price. The collections of clothes in Hennes & Mauritz include everything from party related clothes to sportswear for men,women,youngsters and for allseasonsandfestivals.NotonlyclothesareavailableatHennes&Mauritz shoes,bags,accessories are also there. P1 Define as well as compare various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager In this, it cover the definitions of management and leadership and the roles and functions of a management and leadership. Also it includes the comparison between both manager and a leader in an organisation. Leaders:Refers to the ability to lead and influence the group of people in an organisation for attaining the success.Leaders are having a huge role in the organisational success, they determines vision, objectives, policy and time to attain it. These people are having a strong grip to analyse external environment which help to them to take their company in to win position. Manager:It is defined as the process where coordination and administration of the several operational activities which covers leading, managing, organising and controlling the 1
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company's staff group for accomplishing the goals.Managers are having roles to manage employees, situations and performance which can help to the company to attain their objectives. Managers are having specific skills for their particular area which makes them superior in their work. Following are the roles of a leader of a company :1.Needed atalllevels–leadership isanactivitythat isessential atallstagesof management. It is significant for the coordination of policies and procedures, at the top level (Bahn, 2013). In the middle as well as lower management level, it is necessary for the interpretation and implementing the plans and procedures made by top level. This can be exercised through counselling of the subordinates at time of implementing the procedures.2.Presenting the company– A leader is the one who is the representative of the firm as he represents the enterprise's seminars, meetings and conferences. He has to interact with the outside public. He also represent own section, in which he operates.3.Decision-maker–creatingaaccordantwaytotheevaluationofinformationis compulsory to the sound decision making. Leader should take an account of all the factors that impact on the stakeholders, while implementing the decisions. He should take sound decisions that will fit within the company's vision and mission statement.4.Building of team– productive team building make sure that teams as well as individuals should be informed about all the policies and plans along with the problems which will affect the means they perform the activities in an organisation. This aids the member of the team to know and contributes to the company's objectives. The team must be confident in completing their work. Productive team creator appoints the member to stand out and gives the support to the employee.5.Creating image– building of image is very important for the success of the company. When a enterprise endeavour an effective culture as well as demands top level of standard so that they can achieve extraordinary results (DeAnna, 2010). Following an ethical means to do business set the level for trust as well as the credibility to its members of the team. 2
6.Integrating personal goals with the company's objectives– a leader by its characteristics assists in integrating the goals of employees and the organisation. Towards the common objective, tries to organize the effort of the workers. Roles of the manager are as follows : 1.Guidingmembersoftheteambygivingpositivefeedbackstosupportpersonal development as well as career growth. 2.Recruiting the new employees of a team. 3.Construe the duties and responsibilities which are required to complete the mission of the company. 4.Giving the direction to the members of the team on efficient and competing the project on time (Eyal and Haim, 2014). A manager supports the member that are accountable for giving the online support to the consumers. 5.Assists the development of new employee by giving proper training and coaching. 6.Supporting team by making right decisions in best interest of the enterprise. 7.Involvement with the higher management in defining the goals of the company and interacting these objectives with the members of the team. 8.Creating healthy working environment where staff members feel a sense of respect and mutual trust and encouraged. Comparison in between roles of managers and leaders are here on the basis of Mintzberg managerial roles theory: BaseLeadersManager DecisionalOrganisationalleadersarehavinga roleofpolicymaker,objective declarerwhichhelpstothe organisation to work on it. All decision making power are they have for the betterment of the company. Managers are less decisional power but comparing to leaders it is less. Team managers are having power to make change sin their team either they havetotakepermissionofleaders before taking a decision. InterpersonalLeadersaresupportivefortheir employeesandtheyprovidean appropriateguidelinesaccordingto Managersarehavingtime management,strength,weakness analysing power which can help them 3
their needs.tomakeanappropriatechangesin workings according to organisational needs. Comparison between Leader and a Manger on characteristics BASISLEADERMANGER DefinitionLeadership is the capability of apersontoinfluence, encourage and change others to share the effectiveness as well as contributing success of a company, an individual who possessthesequalitiesisa Leader. A manager is a person who manages certain activities that includes directing, organising, managing and controlling the group to achieve the targets. FocusMotivating peopleManaging activities GroundTrustControl AbilityInfluenceRule TacticsProactiveReactive Preparation ofPrinciplesalongwith guidelines Policies as well as procedures PerspectivesMore into future sightednessManagershaveshort sightedness. Conclusion:From the above answer, it has been concluded that managers responsibilities and roles are totally different from the leader. As leader is the one who leads the group and encourages employees to work more efficiently and are more into achieving success in the business. On the other hand, managers are mainly responsible for managing business activities like controlling, leading and managing and makes strategies for the company to attain the goals and objectives. 4
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M1 Evaluate and differentiate between the role of a leader and functions of a manager by applying the theories & concept Role of a Leader by theory : 1.Trait theory– this is based on the features of many leader, they can be successful and unsuccessful. This theory is used to anticipate the effectiveness of a leader. 2.Behavioural theory– in this theory, based on the study of certain behaviours of a leader (Hammill and Tanner, 2011). This behaviour method gives real potential of marketing. Functions of a Manager by theory : 1.Human relation theory– it is a approach to a management that focuses on the idea that workers are encouraged not only through financial rewards but also through social elements. 2.Chaos theory- this approach, objective is to give theoretical outline for dynamic development of industries. D1 Analyse various theories and approaches to leadership The basic theory of leadership is to make profit in the organisation. Cultural leadership, this approach is the idea of image as well as the attitude of the workers with that of the other employees of the enterprise. Situational leadership, is used to fit the worker as per the requirements necessary for the company (Handschin and Petroianu, 2012). Contingency as well as the adaptive approach that affects the manager and leader, alters the department's environment internally and externally affects the performance of the enterprise. P2 Role and responsibility of the leader and manager in the different situation Both a leader as well as the manager, they must have the capability to make effective decision regarding the company. For the growth of the business, it is observed that many leaders are good in making the decisions. Both leaders and managers are having a huge role in the organisation in different situations which are explained here; 3 Possible situations:Following are the different situations :Integrative: Under this, decisions are basically supported on the multiple assess along with many inputs.Flexibility: In the certain situation, it emphasis to the quick and effective decision making process. 5
ď‚·Hierarchical: In this situation, sound communication should be there between top level and operational level management to circulate adequate information. From all the above decisive situation the managerial activities : ď‚·To coordinate the business in the appropriate manner so that the condition of the mismatch cannot exist. ď‚·To plan as per the demand of the situation . ď‚·The adjacent procedure is to hire new employee for the job who are able to administer the business activity of the enterprise. ď‚·Control the entire situation in the appropriate way to minimise the risk. ď‚·Direction to staff members to be encouraged to work in any circumstances. Role of Leader:ď‚·Decision maker: To evaluate the actual problems and make specific decision on them.ď‚·Communicator: The leader must be a good communicator, it assists to motivate the flow of information within the organisation.ď‚·Team builder: It directs to know the strategic content of organization, they are capable to contribute as per to the circumstances.ď‚·Thinker: To determine the strength as well as weakness of the enterprise. Leadership styles:ď‚·Autocratic Leadership:In this style of a leadership, managers are permitted to form decisions by not taking any help from others. They are independent in nature. These are advantageous for those workers who need to have close supervision.ď‚·Participative Leadership:In this, leaders takes the input from employees by involving them and then make decisions for the company so that the firm can attain goal. ď‚·Laissez-Faire:It creates no supervision from the managers as the lack and fails to give suggestions or feedbacks to the employees who are under the supervision. Conclusion:On the grounds of the above mentioned condition, the way to leadership are the essential techniques and tools for analysing these situation (Heizer and Barry, 2013). It depicts the action of the workers and members of the team toward the company. Also the adequate administrative counselling can be executed. Participative style of leadership gives better results as it includes the member of the firm to put efforts in making decision for the company to achieve its targets. 6
Economical environment is full from complexities and economical fluctuations creates a huge impact on the organisation. Positive market conditions put a huge pressure on the H&M to accomplishdemandsofthecustomers.Intheseconditionsleadershastoincreasetheir productivity level by providing more incentives to employees. These kind of decisions only can taken by the higher authorities which can help to the company to fulfil market needs. Managers are also has to encourage people by using their managerial skills which can enhance the productivity of employees to survive in market conditions. Some time employees get dissatisfied with the remunerations and amenities provided by the company so it also decrease their productivity. So in these kind of situations managers are having huge roles to analyse the main cause of dissatisfaction and after it they convey this information to leaders of the H&M which can help to them to take better decision for the betterment of the internal situations. P3 Various theories and model with regard to the contingency, system and situational leadership Introduction:In this, several theories regarding leadership are covered also three models are mentioned. And to evaluate these several theories as well as approaches of the leadership characterises the behaviour relationship between the leader and manager. The proper guidance and direction must established. Leadership is based on two theories : 1.Modern leadership -It is based on the idea to modify as per to the requirement of the organization. The knowledge and ability of the leader is appreciated (Lind, 2013). Today perfection and improvement which is current topic of the ever-changing leadership style. 2.Traditional leadership- This leadership approach tells the duty of an individual that comes from the past experiences. As there the control along with command are under the power of the leader. Following are the methods of leadership:ď‚·Contingency approaches:The theory states and propose style of the management is dependonvariouscircumstancesandstiffstyleinefficientinthelongrun.This leadership approach can be used H&M which can help to them to work against any particular situation. It is a leadership style which is totally based on leaders to make better change in the organisational policies against the situational requirement. Leaders can take decisions best decision for the organisational betterment. 7
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ď‚·System approaches:It treat the company as a system. It may be open and close system. The open system can be affected by the surroundings but close system not get damaged. It is a systematic leadership style which can help to the company to follow a system, leaders and managers has to follow a particular policies to take decisions which can help to the company to make some effective changes. For the adoption of this leadership approach, leaders of H&M has to use a procedure for their own selves and managers which can help to the company to manage a flow of their activities. ď‚·Situational approaches:Thisstyle of leadership which is used to fit the followers according to the level of the situation (LĂłpez, 2015).The leader can adopt the change to meet the needs of the organisation in any kind of the situation.An organisation has to survive in each and every condition so leaders have to make effective changes according to situational needs. This approach will help to the organisation to take better decisions, leaders has to use their skills which can help to the company to make a better change. Strength : Responsible -Through the approaches of leadership, the manager make sure that it can become liable for the business entity. Self motivated -The behaviour theory of management states the likes as well as dislike of the employees to get over these circumstances of an organisation. Weaknesses : Decision manipulation :If the theories of leadership cannot execute rightly in the firm, then it will direct to decision manipulation. Listening: The leading problems in the approaches, is the improper listing that exist within the company. Leaders are the base of business entity in the decision making process and to attain the goals by making steps in an efficient manner. Conclusion:From the above answer, it has been concluded that leadership has two theories and also has three approaches that is situational, system and contingency. Situational leadership is better as in this the leader adopt the modification and acts as per to the situation. The approaches has its pros and cons that is mentioned above. 8
M2 Strength and weaknesses of the various approaches The strength of different approach are to administer business activities as per to the profitability as well as appropriate direction to the available circumstances within the company (Mendis and Perera, 2014). It shows the deviation in the work of every single individual of the organisation that is supported on the idea of the separation of work. The weaknesses of several approaches are they are not dependable on the individual areas of the work of the enterprise but to move the whole process of the various models as well as theories to make the alteration in the decision making process. TASK 2 P4 Ways to operation management and duties of the leader In this answer, meaning of operation management its procedures, duties and methods, importance are covered. How mangers and leaders improves the activities of the business. Operation management:Itis the process of business activity of the enterprise H&M which is accountable for administering the resources which are needed to make the product and services of the firm. The duty of operations management is to change over the inputs into the output of the company.This approach will help to the company to make a better design for the organisational process which can help to them to improve productivity of employees. H&M is a retail company and it can help to them to make an appropriate activities flow which can help to them to increase sales and retail operations.ď‚·The operation management system includes the following procedure : 1.Transformed resources: It consider input material, information, consumer, amenities along with members as a input of the organisation like H&M. 2.Middle stage(Output product) : it includes the operational strategy, designing and control, its improvement in product as well as services of the operation . 3.Customers: The final procedure of the activities modification ends when the product reaches to the customers. As per to the reaction of the customer, products and services are evaluated ď‚·Duties and accountabilities of the manager in operations are as follows: 1.To understand the strategic goals of H&M company operations. 2.To create the concept and strategy for own organization. 9
3.To plan activity system with respect to the product and services. 4.The essential duty of the manager is to create plan and control the accessible procedure of the company. 5.To examine the advancement of the system.ď‚·Following are the approaches to operation management : 1.Just in time :It is the strategy for managing stock of the company to boosts the profitability as well as control the loss. 2.Lean production: It is to control wastage in the production process.As the organisation is working in the retail sector so it is essential for them to utilise their resources appropriately which can help them to be in profitable situations. So according to this leaders formulate a strategy with the help of their managers to increase outputs from their employees. 3.Continuous improvement: This approach, the constant effort to enhance the product quality and services for the forthcoming. 4.Total quality management: In this, to understand the quality certainty with the purpose to create the best culture for the company.H&M has to adopt this approach which can help to them to deliver quality services to their targeted customers. According to this management has to analyse their loopholes in servicing providing to their customers and leaders has to work on these founded drawbacks which can help to them to give better products and services. In this company, H&M the leaders are using these two approaches one is the just in time and the another is the Total Quality Management approaches. P5 Significance of operation management in attaining goals of the company The operation management of H&M company in administering the business activities. It is essential for an organisation to direct the operative in the designed way. Following are the importance of operation management - 1.To get competitive advantage :The main priority of H&M is to select the group of people that are able to utilise their services as well as products (Moghaddam and Niknam, 2012). The adequate consciousness among them is to draw attention toward their products.Staffing is an part of operational management and it supports to provide better services to their targeted customers. Appropriate staffing according to the needs of a 10
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particular post can help to the company to get better outcomes from their employees which can help them to improve their market share and make competitive advantage for them. 2.Quality improvement:The other significance is the quality of product and service that are to be delivered to the consumers. In small scale, it is essential to have constant advancement. On the other hand, in large scale the process of the activity should be planned.Improvement can be done in the context of service providing so coordination in teams can help to them to provide a better products and services to the customers which c an help to the company to improve their profitability. 3.Productivity improvement :The main part of H&M is to emphasise on the productivity of the products and services. It is estimated in term of the input invests and the output produces by the firm. TheworthoftheproductaswellasservicesrelyontheCorporateSocial Responsibility(CSR) of the entity, which have direct effect on the business activity of the H&M. The enterprise must scrutinize its objectives as a social method as well as obligation towards the level of the division (Mohammadi, 2013). The company has many duties towards the society that comes with the economic stability and lawfulness of the government. For the sustainable development of organization, may build the opportunity for the growth of the business. Thereareseveralapproachesintheoperationmanagementthatcanenhancethe skilfulness by utilizing the approaches of leadership that are as follows : ď‚·Always search for the supplier who can give rebates on big sales which is dominating style of the leadership. ď‚·If the operations management is not completed at company level, then the supply should be created for outsourcing of an organization. The leader ensures about the design before executing it to the process and manager must keep an eye in the necessity of the resource. M3 Leader and manager can improve business activity The two main parts of the operation management is the leader and manager, around them all the operations of manufacturing process are done (Nakayama and Bucks, 2012). The leader should assists in adequate direction to members of the team, allotted to right position of their job. On the other hand, the managers are answerable for the appropriate administrative control of the 11
entire operation of the business in an organisation. In the company, H&M both leader and manager organize and interact with one another before presenting design for an organisation. P6 Evaluating the factors and its consequences on the operation management In this, all the external elements and analysing its effect in the business are covered.In the company H&M, the operation management is calculated by the external factor of the environment that contains:ď‚·Political system: The government creates a huge effect on the functional activity of an organisation through its policy along with the tax rates.ď‚·Economic system: The market trend are moving in the slow growth rate. It is accountable for the allotment of the resources that are scare for the business.ď‚·Social system: It began with the concept, approach, knowledge as well as the behaviour that are interrelated with the improvement of society (Neck and Manz, 2010). The demographic condition are to be examine when scrutinizing social system.ď‚·Technological impact: Innovation in the technology also going to influence the operation management of the H&M company .ď‚·Legal: The legal facet are obtained from the alteration in both the policies internally and externally in the firm.ď‚·Environmental: Growth in the business has created connection among the functions of the economy for the profit maximization.ď‚·Marketcompetition: As the company is working in the retail industry, several companies are also working and creating a huge market competition so this factor creates a huge pressure to create change in the operational management which can help to them to make a completive advantage.ď‚·Profits: This is an another factor which leads on the operation management to make some changes. Decrease in profits creates a compulsion for the leaders and managers of the H&M to make some effective changes in their operational management which can help to them to increase their profits. ď‚·Employees: Needs of workers are also puts an impact on the managers and leaders of the company, flexibility in the time, increase in benefits are also needed for employees to manage their productivity. So in these kind of scenario managers and leaders has to take better decisions in creating changes in the operational management. 12
In Corporate Social Responsibilities, the functions are evenly backed up to make development in the business as well as society as a whole (Niknam and Mojarrad, 2011). The business functions and activities are supported on the appropriate decision making of both the leader and manager. It begins with some of the points that are as follows : ď‚·Analysing the accessibility of the resources which are acquirable within an organisation. ď‚·Planning of the require modification for the resources as well as projected proper time for shift. ď‚·Assigning the responsibility is a crucial decision that is to be created by both the leader as well as manager to allot the roles to an individual. ď‚·Training for executing of the plan by utilizing all their ability and knowledge . Form the all above decision and consequences on the operation management (Pinkerton, 2011). Following are some of the recommendation: ď‚·Beginning of business activity with the new design, act as per to the counselling. ď‚·Attempt to withdraw the old business idea that are not adequate for development of the H&M. ď‚·Keep flourishing relation with the consumer to make them utilize product and services of an organization. M4 Evaluate the factors which affect the business environment The overall improvement of firm is supported on function of the business operation. That are primarily influenced by both the factors internal and externally of the environment (Thacker, 2010). The factors which involves the government's political system through executing the several designs, procedures and policy can form the consequence in the functional system, economical, social factors, alteration in the technology as well as legal aspect of an organisation are to be taken into consideration before planning the management operation (White, 2016). These all are accountable for the improvement in the business of H&M. CONCLUSION From the above report, it has been concluded thatH&M is one of the major retailing company of Sweden that utilises the business activity through leader and manager. The duties and obligations of the manager function as well as the several leadership style and approaches areexplained.Italsoincludesthesignificancealongwithprocedureoftheoperation 13
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management. All the elements that impact the surroundings externally and the analytical assessment have been created on the ground of analysing the report. 14
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