Roles and Characteristics of a Leader and a Manager in Management and Operations

This document explores the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager in the context of management and operations. It discusses the functions of a manager and the role of a leader in different situational contexts. It also covers various theories and models of leadership, including system, contingency, and situational leadership. Additionally, it explores the key approaches to operations management and the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives. Lastly, it discusses the business environment factors that impact operational management and decision making by managers and leaders.

Management and Operations

Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.......................3
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Functions of a manager and role of a leader applicable in different situational context......................6
P3 Several theories and models of approach including system, contingency and situational leadership..7
TASK 3.......................................................................................................................................................8
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role that play by managers and leaders....................8
P5 Value and importance of operations management to achieve business objectives............................10
TASK 4.....................................................................................................................................................11
P6 Business environment factors that impact upon operational management and decision making by
managers and leaders.............................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Management operation is the procedure of controlling, schemingand planning or
administrates crew work at high level of competence in aimaginable manner towards firm. In the
other words, this is considered as one of the best areas for management as they are able to
develop best ways for firms in order to redesign their operations and project in a perfect manner.
There are several kinds of operations involved within the firm which is recycledby managers of
firm to manage their complete functions and operations in a perfect way. On the other side,
management plays significant role in order to coordinate and communicate with team members
to achieve targeted goals within particular time frame (Basford Offermann and Behrend, 2014.).
Moreover, this project is founded on Toyota industry which is known as
finestInternationalvehiclefirm was established in the year of 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda in Japan.
Along with discussion of this assignment is based on characteristics and role of a leader and
manager within different situational context of firm. Lastly, diverse types of functions and roles
played by manager and leader within competitive business environment of business will get
covered.
TASK 1
P1Describe and link the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
There is different kind of characters as well as featuresof the leader and manger present in the
organization. Both have their own roles and duty to perform effectively which help in providing
effective service to consumer. In the context of Toyota their manager as well as leader should
focus on the productivity and able to perform environmental activities more effectively. Here is
some the characteristic of manager which are explained briefly down below:
Manager:
Manager is those who are responsible for supervising and managing the operation which
are useful for the company to expand the business effectively (Eraki, 2015). It is vital for the
company to have effective manger which help to improving the current positioning of the firm.
In the context of Toyota, the manager has to providing better policy which help in reducing

waste and expand the policy which help in achieving desire aims and objective of the
organization.
Role of manager:
There are different roles of the manager which are used to determine the process through
which firm can accomplish the desire goal. For the company like Toyota the role of manger is
crucial as it manage the entire operation and help in maintaining proper flow of goods and
service in effectively manner. Here are some of the roles and responsibility of the manager which
are explained briefly down below:
Training and development: The main role of the manager is to provide training and
development programmed to the employees as to improve their skills is respective manner. In the
case of Toyota, the manager has to make sure that worker is well trained and have proper skills
which help them to achieve standard for the final consumer. The manager has to constantly
ensure to develop workers performance which help to reduce all kind of risk and uncertainty of
failure (Harris Li and Kirkman, 2014).
Rewarding: This is considered as the most effective element which manager have to
fulfil to overcome the problem effectively. There are different kind of sources through which
company use to reward the employee which help in expand the business effectively. In the
context of Toyota, the manager has to ensure to reward the workers on their hard work which
help in achieving desire aims and objective of the company.
Recruiting and selection: Another role of the manger is to recruit the employee through
which company can hire talent employees. Toyota executive is liable to learn and artistic
workers in the firm as they have ability to accomplish the finishing work in a well define
manner. This is vital for the manager to overcome the problem of employees and use various
recruiting method to overcome the problem.
Characteristic of manager:
There is different characteristic of the manager which must be present in the individual as
this increase the efficiency. Here there are some characteristic as they are explained below:

 The manager has created interpersonal skills which help in providing effective services
and help Toyota to earn more profit (Fan, Liu and Zhang, 2015).
 Another characteristic of manager is to quick decision maker as in the fast-changing
environment this is crucial to develop effective atmosphere in the company.
 The manager should have courage to make decision which help to motivate employee of
Toyota to achieve the outcomes more effectively.
Leader: They are those people in the company who try to motivate the employees to achieve the
vision of the company. Individual who has the skills and capabilities to influence and attract
other personals in order to achieve the goal of business organization is known as leader.
Role of leader:
There are dissimilar kind of parts which are played by leader to maintain the demand and
supply in the market. For the company like Toyota the leader have to make sure the workers are
motivated and fulfilling their roles and task effectively. Here are some roles of leader in a detail
manner:
To motivate workers: The main objective of the leader it to motivate the workers
because due to stress employee reduce their potency which effect the company. In the case of
Toyota, the leader has to constantly empower and show right path which help in meet the
requirement of the company (Han and et. al., 2017).
A friend, philosopher, guide: The leader must possess the three dimension of the traits
which help in achieving desire aims. In order to connect workers of Toyota the leader have to
come have such kind of policies which help in inspire as well as shows them right path to
overcome any kind of hurdles.
Characteristic of leader:
There can be different personality of the leader which is essential in such kind of field
which to handle the entire workforce of the company. Toyota is an automobile company and the
leader have to effective which help in guiding the entire management to focus on the mission and
vision of the company. Here are some of the characteristics which are described in detail down
below:

 The main characteristic is of the leader is to be good communicator as this help in
attracting the employees. In the case of Toyota, the leader has to be efficient speaker as
this able to create impression on the workers and help in increasing following in
respective manner.
 Another characteristic of the leader is that person must be initiator because the leader is
the individual which is consider as the face of the company. Toyota leader should take
initiative and prior steps in any situation as this improve the image of the leader.
TASK 2
P2 Functions of a manager and role of a leader appropriate in different situational context
Achieve objective of organization: The role of a leader and function of a manager always play
crucial role within each and every organization towards adopting several innovative changes for
betterment of future. Along with this, applying so many innovative tools and tactics firm can
easily operate their entire operational activities in a perfect way. Herein, leader and manager
follow different types of approaches in order to make firm attractive (Owens, Wallace and
Waldman, 2015). In regards with Toyota, leaders and managers always develop best
strategically goals by which they can perform their every task in an accurate manner. Thus, both
manager and leader give their contribution equally by which they can easily meet business goals
and achieve specific objectives in specific time. In the other word, leader always gives task to
their team members in order to achieve specified goals.
Formulation of strategies: Another side manager has responsibility to manage their entire team
or working operations within the firm by which they can meet future based goals and encourage
every employee in an appropriate manner. Thus, Toyota has various strategies so that they can
bring some modifications within their automobile sector. Therefore, by using different types of
innovative management techniques they can easily satisfy their entire customers and operate
their every function within the systematic manner.
This type of role and function of manager and leader increase the chances for firm to achieve
high objectives on time so that they can effectively able to plays their function in different
situations, those are mentioned below:

According to the behavioral theory shows the behaviour of leader’s like using proper
talent and skills of people. Thus, this method is considered as most critical tool for evaluating
overall potentiality of leadership in particular situations. For example: If leaders needs to develop
best project so in this pressurized situation they are required to have numerous skills in order to
develop effective project towards achievement of desired areasand results that increase overall
productivity of Toyota. Thus, leaders can easily deal with any situation or difficult and achieve
targeted goals (Han and et. al., 2017).
On the other side, the situation of team building considered as difficult situation within
the workplace as there are several kind of employees at workplace who think different and work
as per their rules that creates negativity within workplace. For example: If manager and leaders
of Toyota develop different types of rules to their team followersin order to increase their
working experience better and give knowledge effectively. With the help of this they can make
working condition better but sometimes, they face few challenges due to this such as cultural
issues and changing behaviour of employees at workplace. Thus, it creates issues for them so
that they face challenges towards team building. Therefore, it is very helpful aspect for both
leader and manager to boost working level of their employees towards attainment of specific
goals and make firm effective or attractive within the competitive scenario. Thus, it develops
best relations between employees, leaders and managers and rise firm’s output in suitable
manner.
P3 Severaltheories and models of approach including system, contingency and situational
leadership
Leadership is one of the best processes which indulge with diverseformsof activities of
firm in order to develop best outcomes and profit at workplace. It also encourages employees
towards their work so that they can increase their confidence level and work accordingly
(Situational Leadership. 2019). In relation with Toyota, there are different types of approach
used by leaders and managers for attainmentof targeted aims, those are mentioned below:
Situational leadership:According to this model, manager of firm being able to adopt
large number of leadership styles to deal with numeroussituations that mainly arise at workplace.
Manager of Toyota used this strategy in which leaders always able to cope up with every
difficult situation of firm and achieve their targeted goals on time (Palanski, Avey and Jiraporn,

2014). This theory is based on the assumption that leader will change their leadership style and it
toot depend on the situation. They use democratize or autocratic style for running business
activities according to the situation .
Strength: This style provides best possible selections for leaders and develop best
working environment that build strong team effectively.
Weakness:There is lack of experience within the workforce that can lead lack of
understanding towards demographics of business.
Contingency leadership:As per this approach firms are able to know their leader’s
behaviour and personality or characteristics. This theory is mainly based upon such kind of
factor which is related with leadership model and suitable for every firm. In regards with Toyota,
this is used by leaders to make best decision towards firm through considering internal and
external factors of environment (Alruwaili and Gulliver, 2014.). This theory is used in the
condition of uncertainty. It is useful in this type of leadership style leader already have to know
about all the decision and how to handle the satiation.
System leadership: It generally highlights the guidance across the firm as well as
geopolitical boundaries. Along with this, idea of this leadership style ensures that leader
always think innovative in a perfect way in order to bring changes within the system of
Toyota and whole business process. This is one of the most famous theories of leadership.
In this al the workers and employer working systematic manner in order to attain the task
in pre define time period.
Strength: It provides best research tools for every business within the different types of
fields and makes better understanding of every concept.
Weakness: Sometimes, this process can be lengthy as well as complicated that ensures
involvement of different parameters level.

TASK 3
P4 Importantmethods to operations organization and role that play by managers and leaders
Operation management is the best procedure used by every business or firm in order to
develops best properties and facilitiesfor patrons and realizecompetitive advantages in an
effective way. In regards with Toyota, managers and leaders used different types of approaches
in which they played role differently, those are mentioned in beneath:
Total quality management:It is the process in which every activity or task sustained at
every level within the firm. In regards with Toyota, this approach used by managers in order to
bring so many modifications within the performance of quality of all type of functions with each
department so that employees can easily develop or maintain effective balance towards work and
make firm productive (Yavich and ET.AL. 2015). In this method various tools are used by the
manner for control the cost of manufacturing procedure. With the use of 36o degree appraisal,
benchmarking manger able to enhance their quantity.
Role played by Leader:It is one of the best productive approaches so that entire
workforce involve sin this process in order to run every business function in a perfect way.
Role played by Manager:In this manager ensures that respective firm mainly focuses on
both external and internal customers and their needs or wants.
Six sigma:This approach shows the technique which appearancesat several purposes that
will allowignoring defects in entire process of goods and services across the business. In relation
with Toyota, this application eventually able to ensure that firm is able toattain targeted goals
and objects. It is on of the most famous tool of operation management. With the use of six sigma
manager control and mange the stock level of the organization.
Role played by Leader: This is easiest way to communicate with every people at
workplace towards six sigma projects.
Role played by Manager:In this, manager plays crucial role in order to save entire cost
by this belief through reviewing overall managerial aspect (Plesser and et. al., 2014).

Just in time approach:This process refers to the rule which is second-handto enhance
overall efficacy of firm’s like how they can minimise excess through accepting products which
will be needed in only manufactureprocedure. In regards with Toyota, this is mainly used by
them in order to reduce investments within business for maximisation of price for firm. This
method in useful in meaning the stock record by management and formation card and report of
inventory management.
Role played by Leader: According to these, leaders able to ensure that all product will be
utilised across the production process.
Role played by Manager:Manager always ensures that trueamountis ordered with right
time and right place from the supplier.
From the above mentioned approaches, this can be said that managers and leaders should
use all of them within Toyota in order to increase employee’s confidence towards work so that
they can perform every task and able to achieve their desired goals on time. It
straighteffectsoverall working practice of firm that enhance their profitability and productivity at
workplace.
P5 Worth and position of operations administration to achieve commercial objectives
Operation and management plays crucial role within every business entity that helps them
to run their commercialpositivelyand formulates improved ways to achieve goals successfully.
There is few valuable importance of operation management, those are stated below:
Delivery and regulatory systems:This is very important purposeplays significant role
and ensures that OM is accountable for evaluating overall production process within every
business. In relation with Toyota, it provides effective distribution of several goods by which
they manage their entire functions and able to accomplish their embattledgoals in an effective
manner (Wang, Jie and Abareshi, 2015).
Alteration of resources within surface goods and services: This function of operation
management considered as opportunity for business as it identifies customer’s demand so that
firms can have goods and services accordingly. In relation with Toyota, this is very useful

function for them to produce final goods in the most unique mode. Thus, result of business
objective acceptable to the potential customers in a perfect way.
Capacity management:For every industrialbusiness, volume of management within
operations management determines the overall competence of growth of manufacture process.
For example Toyota, deals in automobile sector so that it is necessary them to produce goods as
per their capability in order to maximise growth of their entire production process. With the help
of this they can achieve their aims and purposes effectively.
Inventory and logistics management: Thisinfluenceconsidered as manufacturing
process, this factor plays significant role within each and every kind of business as without
inventory or logistics firms are nothing and not able to achieve goals accordingly. In relation
with Toyota, they are needed to focus on their entire inventory management so that they can able
to store remaining goods which will be utilised for further growth to increase their firm’s growth
(Khan Naeem, Iqbal Qaisar and Anpalagan, 2016).
TASK 4
P6 Business environment causes that impression upon working management and verdict making
by managers and leaders
Business environment is the process of inner and exteriorfactors which is used by firm to
make finest decision procedure. In regards with Toyota, there are so many factors of business
environment that have impact upon overall working condition of firm, those are follows:
CSR:Corporate social responsibility is the function that ensures development and
sustainability of social and economic environment. These sorts of policy influence several
decisions of firm that are made within the business as guidelines of CSR make right decision in
regards with ethical nature within firm. In relation with Toyota, leader and managers always use
guidelines given by this policy to achieve successful ends and purposesin an appropriate manner
(Williams, 2015).
Ethics: In order to follow CSR policy, Toyota needs to guarantee that they are occupied
as an ethical corporateso that decision are made that will not influence stakeholders and working

environment of firm. Therefore, manager and leaders needs to promote welfare of stakeholders
so that business can be sustain or develop within the competitive advantages.
Values: For Toyota, it is essential to know about their market value and satisfy customers
effectively. Within the operation management values are considered as important part for
finalising the entire production process or working standard of firm. Through the assistanceof
better values they can make best decision making towards giving benefits for customers that
increase overall value of their business. Along with leaders and managers will able to focus on
formulating suitable working culture (Tristancho and Gutiérrez, 2012).
Stakeholders:These can be owners, employees of firm, contractors or creditors,
management of country government and the public. Thus, stakeholders plays significant role
plays crucial role within the operation management of Toyota, as leaders and managers mainly
ensures that they always able to meet customers demand so that they can make best decision by
conformingtoactionsof stakeholders and their overall expectations.
Technological factors:According to this factor technology plays crucial role that have
direct impact on firm’s working conditions. In relation with Toyota, this function considered as
important function due to this they are needed to adopt unique techniques in order to influence
customers accordingly. On the other side, sometimes, firm also have been faced some challenges
while adoption of new tools and techniques. But after considering so many issues they finally
able to use large number of tools and techniques that directly influence customers and satisfy
their overall needs and wants. Apart from this, using new technologies respective firm is able to
achieve their goals and overcome issues from the firm (Trojanowska, Żywicki, Varela, . and
Machado, 2016).
Legal factors:According to this factor respective firm is able to follow different types of
governmental instructions and strategies in order to accomplish successful objectives and
pointsin a perfect mode. With the help of following legal factor they can make best decision
process and able to manage entire polices of their work and run business accordingly. Apart from
this, manager of Toyota, generally follows entire policies of country in order make better
decision towards expansion and diversification of business across the globe.

From the above mentioned business environment factors this can be said that, if Toyota
follows several factors appropriately than they can easily increase their business growth and able
to sustain at marketplace for long period of time. Therefore, they should focus on CSR in order
to improve their working culture that boosts confidence level of employees within this firm.
CONCLUSION
This has been concluded from the above stated report that manager and leader are both
essential for the company to maintain the efficiency. There is different operation in the
management as well as there is various model which are used such as Six sigma and lean model
which help providing better services to consumer. Hence this is also been concluded that
decision making for the leaders which help focusing on the vision of the company. The operation
management has its own importance as this use to maintain the demand and supply for the
company. At last operations aid firm to build sustainable business model and to survive for the
longer time duration.

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