Rural Landscape Conservation Management

This assignment, titled 'Rural Landscape Conservation Management', focuses on the research trends and management approaches concerning rural landscapes, with a specific emphasis on nature conservation and culture from a southern European perspective. The assignment delves into various aspects such as operations management in non-profit organizations, leadership strategies, sustainable operations management, and genetic crop management approaches. It also explores planning for compact urban forms and integral logistics management. The primary objective is to understand the diverse methodologies and practices involved in managing rural landscapes while preserving their natural and cultural heritage.

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Define the compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager .........1
M1 ..............................................................................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Examine the role of leader and the functions of a manager apply in the business
organisation. ...............................................................................................................................3
P3 Leadership theories and Models............................................................................................4
M2 Strength and weakness of different approaches...................................................................8
D1................................................................................................................................................9
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Key approaches to operation management and role of managers and leaders.......................9
P5 Importance and value of operation management...................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6 Factors that impact on operation management decision making.........................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the most significant function of the organisation to make all
activities effective and in efficient manner. The focus of the organisation is to give additional and
attractive inputs to enhance the productivity of the employees. Operation management is the
department which mainly aim is to utilize the available resources and create effective services to
attract the customers. This present report based on operation management of Ford, which is the
leading auto mobile company. To enhance the operation management it is the responsibility of
manager to take business into further expansion. For that, this report will cover the roles and
responsibilities of Manager or leader in the organisation and the different theories and
approaches of leadership such as situational, systems and contingency theory which help ford to
take further expansion plan. Further it will discuss about the strength and weaknesses of several
approaches within the working environment. It will also cover the importance of operation
management to meet the needs of organisation objectives. Due to rapid changes in the business
environment there are various factors which impact the growth of business such as external
factors also come into consider further,
Task 1
P1 Define the compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Leader and manager is the most significant factor which helps company to take better and
action plan to get more profit revenue (Agnoletti, 2014). Manager is the person who manage the
work between the employees and motivate them for productive work, they also explain the
strategies and business plans among the other employees. Manager also coordinate the work to
meet the objective of the company. On the other side, leader is the role model of the employees
in the business. Leader is the person who lead the team and make them motivate for their work.
Leader of the company is responsible to take the responsibility of motivation of the employees,
without the motivation of leaders employees cannot achieve their target productively. Leader is
the person who influence their team workers to achieve the target within time period. Leaders is
the responsible person in Ford to achieve the organisation goal successfully (Berenguer and et,al,
2015). Both leader and manager of Ford is responsible for different work such as manager of the
company focus on the company policies and ensure to accomplish them within time period
whereas leader of the company tries to achieve the target with employee concern. Overall its
main focus is on employees. Other difference of leader and manager is that, leader focus on
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probabilities whereas manger focus on possibilities. There are some differences between
manager and leader
Roles Leaders Managers
Characteristics In ford company leader use
innovative and attractive
leadership ideas to promote the
employees' morale (Bolman
and Deal, 2017).
Managers of the Ford will put
hard efforts to coordinate the
team members to achieve the
overall task.
Focus Leader pay attention on
leading the employees'
satisfaction.
Comparatively, managers of
Ford focus on managing
employees to accomplish the
overall target (Chiarini, 2015).
Vision Leaders have long-term goal to
accomplish the overall
company objective.
Managers have short term
goals to complete the task on
the basis of given task.
Target Leader of Ford is set the target
through which they achieve
the long term target of the
company (Chiarini, 2015).
Managers of Ford takes the
responsibility to ensure the
company to coordinate
employees so that activity of
the company helps to enhance
the company productivity.
Values Leaders inspire the employees
values to motivate them to
perform better in the
organisation.
On the other side Manager of
the company gives values to
accomplish the target of the
firm (De Roover, 2017).
Role The role of team leader is to
innovate attractive activities to
enhance the performance of
employees.
The role of manager is to
manage the company
objectives among the
employees.
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M1
On the basis of above discussion, the role of manger and leader is different from each
other but the objectives of the company is same, both have different approaches and thoughts to
achieve the individual objective. It makes individual different and innovative (DuBrin, 2015). To
achieve the overall target of Ford manager and leader should adopt changeable environment to
compete with other rival firms.
TASK 2
P2 Examine the role of leader and the functions of a manager apply in the business organisation.
Leadership and the management is the two functions of the organisation, both plays a
significant role to accomplish the overall target of the company. But they both works for the
organisation goals (Gemino, Reich and Sauer, 2015). Ford is the leading company which
provides various models of four wheelers with different features and luxurious touch in that
vehicles. It is very necessary for the company to ensure about the quality of services. Buyers
prefer easy and comfortable features in their cars, for that company has to full fill their needs and
wants. For that company needs to adopt challenging and innovative strategies to satisfied their
customers. Due to heavy challenging situation, employees feel dissatisfaction and having lack of
confidence. To overcome for this issue, role of leader is to analysing the conflicts and lacking
point in employees. It is the responsibility of leader to enhance the confidence level of
employees. And try to give them motivation power by providing them good training and
development programmes. Through which employee feel confident and knowledgeable. It is the
responsibility of team leader to develop positive environment in the company so that workers
feel comfortable and motivated (Heizer, 2016). To motivate people it is the responsibility of the
manger and leader to motivate their employees so that company turnover will get down. Ford
company needs to analyse the current demands their competitors service strategies and then
make their plans with the help of employees. In decision making process manager needs to take
initiate of employees to enhance their motivation level Whereas due to having work pressure
sometimes manager fails to take the share of employees in that case employees get demotivated
with the work manager. Besides, uncertain situation and changing environment arise some
challenging circumstances, to minimize these effects company needs to expand its operation
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across the world (Nahavandi, 2016). They also need to expand their management skills and
employees productive to enhance their quality management. At the time of big expansion it is the
responsibility of leader to resist the changes and motivate their employees to adopt necessary
changes and make good efforts in order to achieve target. Individual should take the challenge in
positive manner and try to break them and get the best effects.
Overall, Ford needs to make proper planning, organising, staffing, directing and
controlling (Nakandalage and et.al, 2016). It is the functions of manager which plays a
significant role in the organisation. Besides, the main role of the manager is to coordinate the
things and manage them properly. It makes environment competitive and strong. Manager has to
connect with in order to maintain the proper environment to ensure the employees' performance,
when top management decides the objectives and plans, then it is the responsibility of manager
to take part in the activity and try to provide proper planing and process to the employees within
systematic time limits. Along with that it makes proper planning make sure that employees are
understood very thing towards the organisation goals. On the other side leaders plays a very
important role of motivator and enhance the completion level among employees. This leadership
approach helps company to accomplish the employees' morale and it enhances the overall
capabilities of employees in the organisation in order to accomplish the company objectives.
Leadership approach also helps company to create new talented employees and workforce in
order to enhance business performance (Nakandalage and et.al, 2016).
P3 Leadership theories and Models.
Every organisation adopts the theory of leadership to sustain the employees' morale and
confidence level among the employees. Leadership theories and model;s are depends upon the
aim and objectives of business. There are some leadership theories are mention below:
Situational theory of leadership: This theory of leadership defines the leadership states
that current market situation is very much competitive and challenging, due to rapid changes in
environment leader needs to adopt some attractive and competitive approach to deal with the
employees. For example Ford adopts new technology and technique to communicate with the
customers. Sometimes due to proposed changes employees will get disturb and demotivated due
to lack of knowledge, for that leader plays a vital which explains the training and motivation
session in order to solve the employees issues. Or in other way, leader should behave maturely
and tries to resolve the query (Rudolf, Kienast and Hersperger, 2017). Situational theory is the
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very much effective and through this theory employees of the Ford cab easily adopt changes
easily with the help of this theory this theory defines the role of employees and their importance
in the organisation. By adopting this situational organisation will enhance their profit revenue
and attract more new customers (Schönsleben, 2016).
Figure 1 situational theory of leadership
On the basis of above diagram it can be said that organisation should adopt the fair practises such
as proper planning delegation, support and coaching in order to enhance employees efficiency
and productivity level.
Contingency leadership theory:
As per this theory of leadership level it defines that leadership behaviour is depends on
the situation. At every level of time leadership behaviour is different. It had three contingency
theory of leadership fielder, the path-goal (Ward, 2016). On the basis of fielder theory,
leadership effectiveness is deepened upon the leadership skills and knowledge. Leadership must
adopt this theory of leadership to enhance the level of organisation o make.
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Systematic leadership model.
Systematic leadership theory is used at the time when organisation adopts new changes in
their product and services. Ford is the leading automobile company which has to adopt new
changes and plans to enhance their organisation level. To expand its business company needs to
adopt this theory of leadership to manage the performance level of employees in the
organisation. It helps company to improvise services and quality level of employees (Zinck and
Griffith, 2016).
M1 Analyse the role of leader and function of manager by applying theories.
Manager and the leaders both play a very important role to enhance the quality level of
employees. They both have different roles and responsibility towards the organisational goals. In
that ways situational theory helps company to adopt new changes in the organisation. It manages
the operations according to the requirement of environmental needs. There are some differences
between the managers and leaders (Zurich, 2017).
Management theories: this management theory connects company goals with managers and
supervisors. It also helps company to accomplish the overall target of the company. There is
some management theory.
Scientific theory: In this scientific theory it defines the role of company. The role of
manager is to manage the work and explains the strategies among employees. Which helps to
enhance the efficiency level of employees? It makes new innovative and effective working
opportunities. Along with that manager of the company should also monitor the things to ensure
the working systematic or not (Chiarini, 2015).
Administrative theory: in this another theory of management helps to design effective
structure in order to achieve the target. The main focus of this theory is to focus on developing
the systematic order so that employees follow the same. Manager role is to delegate the work
among employees on the basis of his skills and knowledge so that labour must be clear the exact
working and responsibilities of them.
Bureaucratic theory: It is another theory of management which helps company to
achieve final objectives and profit revenue. It has mainly two vital elements hierarchical
structure and decision making process(Nahavandi, 2016). In this context manager have
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responsibility to communicate employees at every level and have to liable to connect with top
management. Manager of the Ford Company have to focus on the objectives and goals. Manager
of the company should take care of the needs of employees.
Human Relation: Human relation is the most important factor in the organisation to
achieve the overall target. Manager is the role model of employees which solves the conflicts
which resolves the issues of management. This is the great function which human relation is the
very much important to maintain the environment in the organisation. Manager role is that to
encourage the productivity level of employees towards the organisation goals. It is the great
concept to motivate employees by give them healthy and safe environment and fulfilled the
needs of employees (Nakandalage and et.al, 2016). Through which employees make strong
bonding with their subordinates. Ford has to apply this theory of management to maintain
working environment.
X and Y theory: It is the other management theory in which manager motivates
employees and workers. In this X and Y theory manager wants to explain that X defines those
employees who are not liking the working environment of the company through which they
ignore their work and responsibilities. In this situation it is the role of manager to motivate their
employees by give them the best facilities and appreciation and try remove the dissatisfaction
level of employees. Theory Y defines that Y employees are fully satisfied with the company
environment and they perform their task with happy manner.
Chaos Theory: in this theory author defines that in the organisation changes may happen
any time anywhere. These changes are unpredictable in nature. To overcome from these effects.
Manager has to make their employees compatible and strong to handle uncertain situations and
also make modification in technologies to sustain its stability in the market (Rudolf, Kienast and
Hersperger, 2017).
Leadership theories: Leadership theory is very much needful in the organisation. It defines that
leader ship theory provides different personalities and characteristics of employees. Leader of the
Ford must adopt leadership theories to enhance the motivation level of employees towards the
organisation goals. In this process leader analyse the individual behaviour and emotions, it is
necessary for very organisation to maintain motivated environment in the company. There are
some leadership theory which defines the importance of employee motivation (DuBrin, 2015).
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 Behaviour theory: in this behaviour theory. In which leader behaviour is different on the
basis of situation and environment, they always perform differently as per the situation.
So for this leader of ford must adopt this theory to resolve the issues in effective manner.
 Contingency theory: it focuses on the different personality and situation in the
organisation. The main aim of this theory is to enhance the employees' motivation and
relation. Through which ford can achieve their goals in best systematic order and get
good customer satisfaction (Nahavandi, 2016).
M2 Strength and weakness of different approaches.
Autocratic:
Strength:
 Autocratic approaches helps top level management to take decision speedy and make
motivated environment. This approach focuses ion rules and regulations of organisation in order to minimize the
risk factors.
Weaknesses:
 In this approach there is no role of employees in decision making process. All policies
made by the top level management. This process demotivate employees and make
unsatisfactory business environment. In this approach employees are less innovative and creative due to rigid environment of
company.
Burocratic:
Strength:
 In this approach leader follows the all code of conduct which is made by the
organisation.
 It helps to maintain discipline environment in the company (De Roover, 2017).
Weaknesses:
 It includes less flexibility due to which employees feels demotivated and company
turnover will get up.
 In this rigid environment employees are less interested to work with organisation.
Democratic
Strength:
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 In order to make this approach all the decision will take by the top management and
workers.
 Ford get benefited from this approach in order to achieve the overall target.
Weaknesses:
 This leadership approach takes time in order to make decision making process.
 This approach sometimes create conflicts and confusion among peoples (Nakandalage
and et.al, 2016).
D1
Situational leadership theory
Strength:
 Situation leadership theory us very helpful to focus on the activities of employees or
workers. This majorly concern with the task of employees in order to meet the needs of
employees.
 It also helps to maintain the relationship between the employees and workers, through
conflicts between the employees will remove.
Weaknesses
 This theory of leadership does not consider the factor of demographic issues.
 This is an unclear theory which cannot bring any practical practises.
Task 3
P4 Key approaches to operation management and role of managers and leaders
Leader's Role Leader of Ford organisation are very much innovative and creative
towards the employee empowerment. It makes company environment positive and productive by
give them the best motivation and confidence level of employees
Manager's Role: Manager of Ford is highly capable to adopt uncertain situation and
make corrective action plan in order to minimize negative impacts. Manger always coordinate all
employees and give them best strategies and plans to accomplish the task (Gemino, Reich and
Sauer, 2015).
P5 Importance and value of operation management
Operation management enhance the profitability of Ford. It makes different opportunities
and growth towards the accomplishment of objectives. It increases the number of customers by
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providing quality of luxurious services. Organisation productivity and quality is depended upon
the operation of the company. It focuses on the roles and responsibilities of employees towards
the organisation goals.
Overall operation management also reduce the operation cost of the company in order to
minimize additional expenses. It is important aspect to enhance the total quality management
(TQM) this increases the opportunity cost of Ford (Rudolf, Kienast and Hersperger, 2017).
TASK 4
P6 Factors that impact on operation management decision making
There are many factors of environment which affects the organisation functions such as
internal and external factors they both affect the company business positively and negatively.
There are some internal and external factor mention below:
Internal factors:
Internal factors: are generally refereed to internal management of the organisation
which affects the company environment such as value chain, financial strength, relationship and
suppliers, these all internal factors affect the company growth positively as well as negatively.
External factors: external factors of the firm is may be related to customer relation firm
ethics, which is necessary for the organisation to be fulfilled (Heizer, 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that management operation is the
significant function of the organisation, also it was discussed about the functions and strategies
of Ford in order to achieve overall target, this report was discussed about the many aspects of
organisation which includes role and functions of manager and leaders, operation and
management strategies of Ford. Overall Ford needs to expand their business at global level for
that they need to adopt attractive strategies and functions.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Agnoletti, M., 2014. Rural landscape, nature conservation and culture: Some notes on
research trends and management approaches from a (southern) European perspective. Landscape
and Urban Planning, 126, pp.66-73.
Berenguer, G., Keskinocak, P., Shanthikumar, J.G., Swaminathan, J.M. and Van
Wassenhove, L., 2015. Call for Papers: Special Issue of Production and Operations Management:
Not for Profit Operations Management. Production and Operations Management, 24(2), pp.352-
353.
Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017. Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and
leadership. John Wiley & Sons.
Chiarini, A. ed., 2015. Sustainable Operations Management: Advances in Strategy and
Methodology. Springer.
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De Roover, R., 2017. The Medici bank: its organization, management, operations, and
decline. Pickle Partners Publishing.
DuBrin, A.J., 2015. Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education.
Gemino, A., Reich, B.H. and Sauer, C., 2015. Plans versus people: Comparing knowledge
management approaches in IT-enabled business projects. International Journal of Project
Management, 33(2), pp.299-310.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
Nahavandi, A., 2016. The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson.
Nakandalage, N., Nicolas, M., Norton, R.M., Hirotsu, N., Milham, P.J. and Seneweera, S.,
2016. Improving rice zinc biofortification success rates through genetic and crop management
approaches in a changing environment. Frontiers in plant science, 7.
Rudolf, S.C., Kienast, F. and Hersperger, A.M., 2017. Planning for compact urban forms:
local growth-management approaches and their evolution over time. Journal of Environmental
Planning and Management, pp.1-19.
Schönsleben, P., 2016. Integral logistics management: operations and supply chain
management within and across companies. CRC Press.
Ward, J., 2016. Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth,
profitability, and family leadership. Springer.
Zinck, J. and Griffith, W., 2016. Review of acidic drainage treatment and sludge
management operations, MEND Report 3.43. 1. CANMET-MMSL, 101p.
Zurich, L.B., 2017. Service Operations and Management.
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