Management and Operations

This report discusses the duty of leaders and functions of managers in various situational contexts, as well as the application of different approaches in leadership and contingency. It also describes key formulations in operations management and the role of leaders and managers in achieving business objectives. The importance and values of operations management in achieving business objectives are also explained.

Management
And
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
P2:Analyse examples of how duty of a leader and function of a manager use in various
situational contexts.................................................................................................................1
P3:Apply various approach, considering situational leadership systems leadership and
contingency.............................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P4:Describe key formulation to operations management and duty that leaders and managers
play.........................................................................................................................................5
P5: Explain importance and values of operations management in achieving objectives in
business...................................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P6:Measure factors within organisation environment that impact upon operational department
and decision making by managers or leaders.........................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Management refers a administration and coordination of activities and task to achieve
common business goals. Administration activities includes setting strategies of organisation and
coordinating activity of workforce to achieve business objectives via application of accessible
resources. It defines to higher rank framework of employees in a company. Operation refers to
decisions and actions made by staff members and participants of business that directly affect
distribution, services, management, production and etc. required for an organisation to function
that needs use of assets and resources. Operation management is a management area concerned
with scheming and controlling procedure of industry and re-framing operations of enterprise in
production of services or goods. Below report based on Starbucks, it is an American
multinational chain of coffee-house based in Seattle in United State. Company serve their
services and goods in various countries. Starbucks provide franchise in other countries under
legal policies and they have different food and beverages such as cookies, coffee, tea, backed
goods and etc (Meredith and Shafer, 2019). The below report includes duty of leaders and
manager's functions in various situations, duty of leaders and managers in operations functions
and relation between management and leadership in present-day business environment.
MAIN BODY
TASK 2
P2:Analyse examples of how duty of a leader and function of a manager use in various
situational contexts
In organisation leaders and managers have major contribution in achieve common
business goals and in every situation in organisation. Leaders encourage and inspire to entire
workforce to get effectual outcomes and managers give support to leaders in making strategies.
In context of Starbucks, they have different franchise in other countries for achieving success in
business leaders and managers equally contribute their efforts.
Leaders with their role: The roles of leaders play huge role in business objectives and
goals. Leaders provide vision to workforce in business and they have role in various functions
such as, operation management, marketing and other departments also. In Starbucks context,
they have franchise in large numbers in different countries, so company follow their cultures in
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terms of taste of coffee and food, in this leaders leads teams for achieving growth rate in market
as per location of store.
Managers with their functions: In each industry there are four primary functions that
managers play in organisation such as planning, organizing,staffing, leading and controlling in
terms of activities and task performance, employees and other factors also (Burns, 2018). In
context of Starbucks company, the business of franchise that operates in various locations all are
run individually owned restaurants and cafe include of planning, leading, organizing and
controlling. Their all functions involve in gathering resources, adopting other location's taste and
many other aspects also.
Role of leaders and functions of managers in situational context at Starbucks
Make changes in management: In every organisation changes is important as per to
market trends and consumer's needs, this assists in achieving better growth for future. In current
scenario there are many of competition in marketplace for reduce competition, changes is
needed. In context of Starbucks corporation, leaders play major role in making changes in
management, Starbucks adopting new techniques or technologies and trends of market on regular
basis for this leaders perform activities or task in teams and in adopting new things it is essential
to use these resources in right way, so organisation achieve common goals. Making changes in
company's business needs different functions of managers which is assist in achieving effectual
results. Adopting new or innovated technologies and trends of market needed effective planning
for executing in business and reach marketplace needs for better success.
Adopt new cultures and taste: Starbucks is well known company in coffee and their
services. They have different franchise in various countries. The reason behind their growth is to
adopting different taste and cultures as per their outlet locations. This strategy attract
consumers on high level scale and also their reaching rate is high in market. There are various
competitors of this industry but they have loyal users in marketplace because of their coffee
quality and services (Roth, and Rosenzweig, 2020). Leaders contribute their efforts in success
because they gives direction in right way and perform every activities in teams or in team not
individually. Adopting various taste needs team management and effective guidance to achieve
growth in this condition. Managers give efforts in following others taste through proper
planning, first they observe market conditions, find effective resources sources and conduct
survey about user's taste and their needs from Starbucks company. After they execute plans with
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proper organizing resources then lead whole plans towards achievements as per results they
control performance with help of strong strategies which assists in reaching common goals.
P3:Apply various approach, considering situational leadership systems leadership and
contingency
In present situation in industry is change on a daily basis as per alteration happen in the
enterprise environment. To maintain and manage company in a effectual manner, both leaders
and managers use different models or theories of leadership style in their organisation. Context
of Starbucks industry these formulation can be explain below as:
 Situational leadership- This style of leadership, managers and leaders choose style as
per requirements that suits different levels of development of employees within
business organisation. In this it is influence staff as per to employees demand of various
condition (Krishnaiyer, Chen, and Bouzary, 2018). It is most appropriate and flexible
style of leadership in which alteration are implemented in suitable way. Leader of
Starbucks industry use this leadership style to succeed and maintains different situation.
This can be sections into different aspects in industry that are explain as below.
◦ Telling - This factor leaders perform as a decision maker who can interact and pass
data and information as per to requirements of staff so that common objectives can
be achieved in particular time period.
◦ Selling –This procedure leaders exchange their ideas and guidance that are use in
proceeding plans so that doing on it would be easygoing and simple (Russell and
Taylor, 2019). This also assist in clearly understand thought by workforce so that
targeted objectives can be achieved in specific time frame.
◦ Delegating –This structure of situational style of leadership, leaders and employees
are act in comparable that are refers that they both proceeds engagement in effective
planning procedures and decision process, so effectual results can be achieved. this
assist in responsible to every one, who take participation in making strategies and
planning.
◦ Participating - This aspect leaders are doing for encouraging their staff members
and motivate them for effective better performance so that industry will achieve
advanced and skilful results in their day-to-day life.
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 Contingency leadership- This theory of leadership states that leader's effectiveness is
possible on whether or not their style of leadership suitable for particular situations. As
per this theory individual can be a effectual leader (Bastani, Zhang and Zhang, 2020). In
context of Starbucks industry, in country they run their business so as per needs leaders
take initiative to lead group in right direction. In this there are important aspect involve
that is structure of task, relationship of workforce and power position, all these are assist
in improved development of activities.
 System leadership – This formulation of leadership, leaders prepare individual
employee according their ability or capability that will assist company to enhance
performance of staff and developing attribute individually in context of occupational
group. It defines collection of leadership which is cooperative and intrinsic initiation
that assist in decentralised in entire network. In this every staff members are freely
present their thought and opinion in innovative and effectual manner. Context of
Starbucks industry, leaders develop right position and values and maintain activities in
an actual way in all levels of departments. Due to this company increase high shares in
marketplace and also continue in market for a long period of time.
Management
Chaos theory
This theory defines that manager is responsible in providing resolution chaos in an
industry. It generally refers many of challenges and confusions among workforce. If such chaos
are not accomplished on specific time and neglected by managers then it can lead to best fights
and misinterpretation between people in Starbucks (Chen, Dong,and Shi, 2020). Therefore, it is
important for manager to follow this theory and handles ans takes care of any conflict in an
company and ensures that no misinterpretation can be build among workforce because it can
result in large staff turnover in organisation which cannot be expended by industry in any other
case.
Management by objectives
MBO can be shown as manager maintain it's management in industry according to
current business objectives and goals of Starbucks which is nominative for manager to complete
them timely with proper succession. Management by objectives assist manager to execute their
goals and targets in an effective and efficient way because if whole management is set as per to
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business objectives of Starbucks then managers finds simple to maintain working and operations
in industry
TASK 3
P4:Describe key formulation to operations management and duty that leaders and managers play
Management of operations generally focusing on managing procedures to manufacture
or sell various goods and services. It consider significant measurement and investigation of
internal procedure (Cole, Stevenson and Aitken, 2019). As operations management generally
refers to administration of business practices that are created to have high level performance in
company. As operations department is concerned with conversion of labour or raw materials into
products or services to generate profits for company. In terms of Starbucks, company focuses on
developing strong corporate culture that can strengthen its competitiveness in markets.
Company's operations management focus on providing high quality product that is coffee that
helps in creating value for them by delivering a memorable and amazing experience to its
customers. Starbucks focus on providing a better experience through reliable, friendly service
and a good in-store experience to its customers for maintaining a good brand image in markets
and generation of profits. Different key models of operations management with duty of managers
and leaders in order to achieve its objectives used by Starbucks are as follows: Total quality management: It generally refers to a approach of management which is
used for having long term success by maintaining customer satisfactions towards them.
Total quality management are efforts of a company, all staff members who give their
active participation to improve processes, cultures and product services of company.
Starbucks 's leaders and managers focuses on providing quality product in all variants of
coffee to its customers. Starbucks is dealing with all farmers for manufacturing of coffee
in such a way that both parties are equally benefited (Marin-Garcia, nd Alfalla-Luque,
2019). Starbucks not only ensure its quality products but also working for environment
conservation. Company is ruling global markets and constantly looking forward to new
opportunities to perform better. Just in time: It generally refers to corporate system in its operations management that is
designed to manufacture outputs for their company in specified lead time through lowest
cost by timely analysing and eliminating various form of corporate waste and variance.
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Main motive of adopting just in time tool of operations management by its leaders and
managers is to manufacture products according to customer's needs with quality assured.
Starbucks is using just in time tool to ensure that orders of customers are specifically
placed (Carter, Price, and Rabadi, 2018). It should be helpful for company to make
products and services available to customers. As Starbucks is having a well maintained
and fast delivery order management process and most of its stores in core markets order
supplies daily that can be received in some days.
 Six sigma: It is basically a approach that provides several tools to improve potential and
capability of business processes (Filimonau, and Delysia, 2019). It helps in increase of
performance of company and decrease in process variations which results in reduction of
defections and improvement in profitability, quality of products and services and
employee morale. Starbucks 's leaders and managers are using six sigma approach their
safety management system at their workplace that consist of good manufacturing
practices and sanitation programs.
P5: Explain importance and values of operations management in achieving objectives in business
Operations management refers to a administration of business operations for having
better efficiency. It refers to a procedure of planning, organizing and monitoring operations of
business for having better productivity. It aims at reducing cost of products and services to
business by reduce any wastage of resources (He, Mak and Rong, 2019). All activities that are
carried by company's operations management is achievement is business objectives. In terms of
Starbucks value and importance of operations management in order to achieve its business
objectives are as follows: It leads in achievement of business objectives: Management of operations plays an
essential role in achievement of predetermined objectives of a company. It checks that
all activities are performing according to objectives by constantly monitoring its all
operations of companies. Starbucks ensures that all its operations that are carried in
workplace should be focused on achieving its planned business objectives. Optimum utilization of resources with cost reduction: It generally focuses on having
proper utilization of all resources of company. As it develops proper strategies and
accordingly carries its all operations of companies. Managers and leaders of Starbucks
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keeps a ensures on all activities that all resources are utilized only on essential means
means and are not wasted with least cost of manufacturing. Helps in increasing customers satisfaction: Operations management helps in increasing
customer satisfaction for their companies. All operations in companies in such a way that
increases customer satisfaction so that company can be able to maximize its profits.
Starbucks is carrying its business operations in order to generate customer satisfaction by
providing high quality products to its customers with a memorable and good experience. Conversion of raw materials into finished products and services: Operations
management helps in any business companies works in conversion of raw materials and
labour into finished products and services that can lead to achievement of its business
objectives (Jabbour, Song, and Godinho Filho, 2020). In Starbucks operations practices
are carried to produce finished products for its customers in least cost to maximize its
profits that can help company to sustain in markets for long run. Quality improvement: Operations management of every company helps in carrying its
business operations smoothly so that its objectives can be met easily by them. Company
carries its operation practices in such a way that serves quality with least occurred cost of
products for them. Starbucks and its operations management aims at carrying its business
practices that increases its product quality that is providing coffee in different variants to
its customers with a good experience so that there efficiency can be enhanced and its
objectives can be timely met.
 Enhances goodwill: Maintaining proper brand image in markets is aim of every
businesses. As it focus on improving brand image and position of company in different
markets. It ensures that operations are carried for having better services to its customers.
Starbucks regularly focus and carrying its business operations in such a way that
enhances its goodwill in markets and its brand entity can be maintained in markets.
Operations management plays an important and vital role in improving efficiencies of
companies. It has been evaluated from above analysis that leader and managers can adopt these
factors in order to improve their efficiency in operations management that result in fulfilment of
its goals and objectives with a higher performance. In Starbucks operations management system
of company is designed in a way that leads to creation of efficiency and effectiveness in their
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business practices. Operations management of company aims at providing quality variants of
coffee to its customers with low cost of manufacturing to maximize profitability of company. It
generally focuses on providing quality to its customers and according to that various approaches
of management of operations are used like total quality management, six sigma and just in time
inventory techniques that can lead company to improve its efficiencies in operations
management.
From above its has been evaluated that there are various application of operation
management that are product design, increase in productivity, reducing cost of manufacturing
with optimum utilisation of present resources and profit maximization can help in improving
efficiency of business operations (Nair and Reed‐Tsochas, 2019). In Starbucks operations
management and its factors creates a wide impact on its business environment as:
 Its operation management helps in improving productivity and efficiency.
 It helps in increasing revenues for Starbucks.
 It helps in reducing amount of investment made by company.
 It can helps in reduction of cost of products and services.
TASK 4
P6:Measure factors within organisation environment that impact upon operational department
and decision making by managers or leaders
There are different factors that can be considered in environment of company which
create a different effect on performing activities of manager and leader in operations
management of a industry. In context of Starbucks, company analyse external factors through
PESTLE analysis, it refers to
Political factors
These factors impact upon decision making process of leader and manager in terms of
stability of political and instability, level of corruption, health of government, fiscal and tax
policies, legality of lobbying, trade policies, regulation, deregulation, freedom of press, anti
trust regulations, headline risk, defence budget, bilateral relationships,transparency and
communication and government sanctions.
Economical factors
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These are impact upon decision making procedures of managers and leaders in terms of
exchange rates, unemployment, stock market performance, debt markets, disposable income,
price fluctuations, availability of credits, growth rates, interest rates, rates of inflation, changes
in gross domestic product and access to credit.
Social factors
These factors are impact decision making procedure of leaders and managers in terms of
trust on government, rates of immigration, attitude towards work, savings habits, shopping
habits, distribution of wealth, lifestyle, per capita income, culture and religion, importance of
customer service, importance of education and expectancy.
Technological factors
These are impact upon decision making procedure of company's managers and leaders in
terms of innovation in an industry, adoption of latest and innovated technology, life cycle of
technology, research and development, impact of internet on organisation ,interaction
infrastructure, know your customer, investment and budget, market awareness and intellectual
property, acceptance, automation, and social media platforms.
Legal factors
These are affects process of decision making of firm's managers and leaders in terms of
health and safety laws, zoning laws, civil rights laws, intellectual place laws, employment laws,
customer or employees protection laws, anti trust laws, privacy and protection of data laws,
banking sector laws and tax laws .
Environmental factors
These are impact upon procedures of decision making of industry's managers and
leaders in terms of strength sourced from water and wind, recycling, cultural attitudes towards
being green, influences of weather, ratio of natural disasters, influences of change in climate, air
pollution and water, accessibility of health care and sustainability and environmental laws.
Business Ethics: It defines to moral duties which a employees follows as a conduct code
as per to their occupation so that outcomes can be achieved in favourable manner Ethics of firm
are said to be their regulation and code of conducts so that staff can perform as per to their rules
with efficiency. Leaders and manager of Starbucks can indicate a proper transparency with its
shareholders which indicate ethics of their firm and they are able generate maximum profits.
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Global competitions: In market there are various competitors are available and in
current Scenario every business use advanced technology and follow all market trends in
effective manner (Chapman and Ellinger,2019). In context of Starbucks, they have less
competitors in market and at global basis because company use different strategies such as eco
friendly cups and many more.
Corporate social responsibility: This activity is essential for increasing brand images
and values in marketplace. Now days every organisation work on CSR activities to get goodwill
in right manner. In context of Starbucks, they effectively follow CSR activities and company
take care about environment also.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded the above report, role or leaders and functions of managers both have
huge importance in business to perform task and activities in right direction. Both helps in
achieving business objectives and increasing efficiency in organisation. Operation management
have various values and importance to achieve objectives. Company follow all leadership style
management theories in effectual manner. There are various factors of business environment that
are assist in smooth functioning. Various factors involve in organisation that affect decision
making process. For achieving more effectiveness and efficiency in business company must
follow market trends and adopting new techniques, both helps in reduce competition and meet
market levels.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bastani, H., Zhang, D. and Zhang, H., 2020. Applied machine learning in operations
management. Available at SSRN 3736466.
Burns, M.G., 2018. Port management and operations. CRC press.
Carter, M., Price, C.C. and Rabadi, G., 2018. Operations research: a practical introduction. Crc
Press.
Chapman, K. and Ellinger, A.E., 2019. An evaluation of Web of Science, Scopus and Google
Scholar citations in operations management. The International Journal of Logistics
Management.
Chen, J., Dong, J. and Shi, P., 2020. A survey on skill-based routing with applications to service
operations management. Queueing Systems .96 (1). pp.53-82.
Cole, R., Stevenson, M. and Aitken, J., 2019. Blockchain technology: implications for operations
and supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal.
Filimonau, V. and Delysia, A., 2019. Food waste management in hospitality operations: A
critical review. Tourism management .71. pp.234-245.
He, L., Mak, H.Y. and Rong, Y., 2019. Operations management of vehicle sharing systems.
In Sharing Economy (pp. 461-484). Springer, Cham.
Jabbour, A.B.L.D.S., Song, M. and Godinho Filho, M., 2020. Sustainability implications for
operations management: building the bridge through exemplar case studies.
Krishnaiyer, K., Chen, F.F. and Bouzary, H., 2018. Cloud Kanban framework for service
operations management. Procedia Manufacturing .17. pp.531-538.
Marin-Garcia, J. and Alfalla-Luque, R., 2019. Key issues on Partial Least Squares (PLS) in
operations management research: A guide to submissions. Journal of Industrial
Engineering and Management .12 (2). pp.219-240.
Meredith, J.R. and Shafer, S.M., 2019. Operations and supply chain management for MBAs.
John Wiley & Sons.
Nair, A. and Reed‐Tsochas, F., 2019. Revisiting the complex adaptive systems paradigm:
Leading perspectives for researching operations and supply chain management issues.
Roth, A. and Rosenzweig, E., 2020. Advancing empirical science in operations management
research: A clarion call to action. Manufacturing & Service Operations
Management .22 (1). pp.179-190.
Russell, R.S. and Taylor, B.W., 2019. Operations and supply chain management. John Wiley &
Sons.
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