Optimization and Management Techniques

This assignment provides an analysis of various optimization and management techniques, including Total Quality Management (TQM), Operations Management, Bandwidth Management, Lean Six Sigma, and more. It includes a list of relevant research papers and patents, covering topics such as improving Indian airlines performance, road towards Lean Six Sigma in service industry, and optimal operation of dc networks to support power system outage management.

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
LO1.......................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager..................................................................3
LO2.......................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts.............6
P3 Theories and models of approach...............................................................................................7
LO3.......................................................................................................................................................9
P4 Key Approaches To Operations Management And The Role Of Leaders And Managers Play. 9
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objective.................11
LO4.....................................................................................................................................................13
P6 factors that affect operational management and decision making by leaders........................13
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the systematic procedure to regulate and control the operations of
the company. Operation management includes various functions like managing the resources,
directing employees, ascertaining achievement of goals. The report studies the operation
management of the company Easy Jet airlines which is a service providing company. The aim of
this report is to study the leadership and management functions in Easy Jet airlines. Leadership and
management is the important part of the organization. The report also contains the difference
between manager and leader. And also the role and characteristics of leaders and mangers. The
report will study the different situations in the organization which affect the role of a leader and
function of a manager. Also the use of theories and concepts to leadership that are- situational
leadership, system leadership and contingencies leadership theories in the company Easy Jet
airlines.
Thereafter the report contains the role of the operations managers with regards to improving
the efficiency and decisions made by them in the company Easy Jet airlines. The report also
includes the approaches and key elements of the different operations management system. It also
studies the various factors such as Corporate social responsibility, culture, values, ethics and
sustainability and their impact on the business operations in the company Easy Jet Airlines.
LO1
P1 Roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Role of Leader-
Leaders are the person who not only directs the people for work but also motivates and
inspire to complete their work. Leadership is a quality owned by the leaders to convince the people
for the specific task. The role and characteristics of the leaders are very important as they can
change the minds of the unwilling people to work of Easy Jet airline company.
 Leaders have the quality of Emotional Intelligence, which they apply to the people to attain
the best work from employees. .

 Leaders are focused on changes. The leaders have many innovative ideas and skills. They
are capable of recognising the areas that can be changed and bring the changes to improve
the current scenario in Easy jet airline company. For example- implementation of the social
activities to increase the interest of the employees (DiFazio and et.al., 2016). Leaders are mainly responsible for the motivation to the employees as they motivate them to
work and commonly achieving organization as well as personal goals. These qualities of the
leader help greatly to the organization in there growth and success by ensuring the
completion of work timely and effectively. For example – by organising the training
programs and seminars employee gets the motivation.
Role and characteristics of Manager
The managers are the person responsible for the management of the activities in the
organization. Managers are mainly responsible for the allocation of task and ensuring that the work
is completed on time by the employees in Easy Jet airlines.
 Managers manages tactical activities and are directive and have controlling approach to the
employees. Managers plays a great role in managing the work of the Easy Jet airline
company which is very necessary for maintaining the balance in the work (Futaki and
Kobayashi , 2015).
 Managers trains the employee to do their job. And ensures that the work is done according
to the requirements of Easy Jet airline. For example- mangers of the human resources tells
the staff to operate with the data of human resources of the company.
 Managers make policies, plans and procedures for the accomplishment of the goals of the
company Easy Jet airlines. For example – to plan for the implementation of new strategies in
the company Easy Jet airlines.
 Managers take decision in order to make changes in the policies of the company Easy Jet
airlines. For example- when there is any technological advancement in the company the
mangers evaluates and decides that whether those changes doesn't affect the company and
the employees (Inamori, Casio Computer Co Ltd, 2017).
The characteristics of manager is that the manger is responsible for the various functions in the
organisation. The manger is liable for any error in the management. Also the manger have the
quality to arrange and systematise the companies work.
Difference between leadership and management.
BASIS LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT

Definition This is a quality of a person to
motivate and influence the
employee to work effectively for
Easy Jet airlines
Management refers to the directing
and controlling of the employees for
the purpose of coordinating the
employee in accomplishment of the
companies goals
Personality style Mostly leaders are brilliant and
have great communication skills.
They are capable of taking risks.
These people possess high levels of
imagination powers.
Managers possess strong will power
and determinant to their work. They
are analyst and intelligent. They
often focus on goals and, structures
and the availability of the resources
to accomplish the organizational
goals.
Orientation Leaders are mainly people oriented
and focus on people.
Managers are task oriented and their
main is to focus is the completion of
their task.
Focus Leaders focus on leading peoples. Managers focus on managing work
allotted to them.
Outcomes Leaders are responsible for the
achievement of the given tasks.
Managers focuses on the results
generated by the completion of task.
Approach to tasks They look at problem and find new
ways and innovations to solve those
problems. They use there
motivating powers and problem
solving attitude they solve and clear
the problems (Okitsu and et.al.,
2015).
They create policies, plans and
methods and create teams. Managers
combine people for the work and
helps in achieving common goals.
Role of decision
making
The decision making powers of the
leaders are just facilitative in Easy
Jet airlines.
Whereas the decision making powers
of the manager are involved and
important in the work.
In organization Leaders have many followers. Whereas managers have their
subordinates.
Powers The leaders have only powers to
influence and motivate.
While mangers have powers
regarding the formal authority and

the position in the company Easy Jet
airlines.
The leaders and managers in the company Easy jet both managers and leaders play a
significant roles but there is a difference between the work done by the leaders and managers in the
company (Peng and et.al., 2015). The key difference between the mangers and leaders are, the
leaders are innovation introducers while the manger plans and direct the employees to work for that
innovation. All The leader’s possess there unique style and ways of motivating whereas the
managers have prescribed code of conduct. Also the leaders are the thinkers of long term plans
whereas the managers work for short- term goals in Easy Jet airlines company. Therefore the
leaders and the mangers both have different types of roles in the company.
LO2
P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts.
The role of a leader and the function of a manager is important in the functioning of the
company Easy Jet airlines. Both managers and leaders play an important role in the building of the
company. Leaders and managers follow different types of techniques which includes innovations
and improvement in the functioning of the company Easy Jet airlines (Pinto and et.al., 2016).
In Easy Jet airlines there are many situations which arise in the day to day operations of the
company. The mangers and leaders see them as challenges and work accordingly. The various
situations are as under-
Internal situations
These are the factors which relates to the internal changes of the company Easy Jet airlines.
The internal changes in the company results in the improvement in the organizational structure as
well as setting new goals. The managers of the company evaluate the new changes and make plans,
direct various policies and methods to accomplish those goals. And the leaders play a directive roles
in directing the mangers in the company Easy Jet airlines by telling the ways in which the manger
can motivate its subordinate and staff members (Ruan and et.al., 2019).
External situations
External factors are related to the external environment of the company like relations with
customer, government policies and competition. For this purpose managers The managers
coordinate with superior authorities and manage the function in order to gain sustainable
development. The leaders play a supportive role in the organization which reduces the stress and
frustration in the organization and increase the productivity.
Stable situations

This situation relates to the constant situation in the company Easy Jet in the normal
functioning of the company. The mangers of the company plans and organize the company so that
there is sufficient growth in the organization. The manager keeps the balance between the superior
level and the lower level staff of the company. The leaders of the company direct and support the
organization in this phase (Shidaganti and Prakash, 2017).
Slow changing situations
There are times in the company Easy Jet airlines when there is no major changes in the
company and there is slow changes in the company. And the company is not growing as it is
expected to grow, there are slow technological and operational changes in the company. At that time
the mangers lead the employee to achieve higher growth and adopt the right technology to improve
the companies productivity.
Fast changing situations
The fast changing situations in the company Easy Jet airlines can be technological changes
which are quick and hard to adopt. The managers control the situation by preparing the policies and
adopting the right type of technology and also monitoring of the resource utilization. The leaders in
this situation maintain the results though obtained by increasing the level of confidence and the
mutual benefits of the fast changing situations (Tsai and et.al., 2015).
Therefore, the role of leaders and the mangers are equally important for the company Easy
Jet airlines in the situations of internal and external changes and also the slow, fast and constant
changes in the company. The leaders and mangers both fulfil their duties by giving there valuable
contribution. The role of leaders and mangers changes according to the situations faced by the
company. The above studies state the various situations and the role of leaders and mangers in the
achievement of the company goals and objective.
P3 Theories and models of approach
This includes the various theories and approaches and theories related to the leadership in
the company easy jet airlines. This helps in understanding the goals and organizational achievement
of the company. The leaders are the key personas to improve the organization structures of the
company. The various leadership approaches and theories are as follows-
The Situational leadership theory is practised by Paul Heresy and Ken Blanchard which is
also known as the life cycle theory of the results. It explains the organizational behaviour and the
working situations of the employees (Zhang and Hu, 2017). The situational leadership model has
two basic concepts which are- leadership style and maturity level. The leadership style categorizes
the employee in various categories in which they need motivation from the leaders. This includes
the individuals who want to work but require a specific skill to complete that work and others who

are skilled but unwilling to work. And the maturity level depends on the capability and
understanding of the people in doing any job.
The leadership qualities are important to motivate the employees in the normal functioning
of the company so that there is increased productivity and more profitability. The company Easy Jet
airlines deals with situational leadership theory by leaders assisting the employees the ways to
maximize their work efforts (DiFazio and et.al., 2016).
The System leadership theory has been developed by Dr Ian MacDonald through his career.
This theory deals with the creating of such an interface where employee from all the level of the
organisation can work effectively and in a productive manner. The system leadership theory
provides the various models and the structures by which human behaviour can be studied. Also
there are various models for good leadership, organizational strategy, system design and social
process. This theory also provides the tools which helps in depicting the human behaviour in the
organization. It also includes the building of the system which could drive productive behaviour of
the employee and assist them with the necessary training so that there can be increase in their
efficiency and productivity (Futaki and Kobayashi , 2015).
In the company Easy Jet airlines there is use of this leadership theory to study their
employee according to their behaviour and allot them work according to the skills they possess. The
use of the system leadership theory can help the company Easy Jet airlines in achieving their goals
by establishing good relationship between the company and the employees. Therefore, the system
leadership theory can be crucial part of the leadership function of the company Easy Jet airlines.
The Contingency leadership theory was developed by Fred Fiedler believed that the
leadership style is based on the understanding of the leader according to the situation they are
facing. This theory states that the leader is effective when their leadership qualities matches to the
situations and the contingencies in the company.
The contingency theory uses the scale to evaluate the effectiveness of the leaders according
to the situations. This scale is known as Least Preferred Co-worker Scale (LPC). The LPC list
comprise of list of questions which are answered by the leaders. It results determines the leaders
leadership style in the given situation (Okitsu and et.al., 2015).
High LPC Score- leaders scoring these scores are considered as people-oriented. These leaders are
posse good personal skills and they value relationships with others to accomplish the task.
Low LPC Score – the leaders getting these scores accomplishes goals by focusing on the task and
positional powers. Therefore, these leaders are considered as task- oriented.
Therefore, these are the various approaches which are used in determining the leadership
qualities of the leader of the company Easy Jet airlines. These helps the company to find the perfect
leader according to the situations of the company Easy Jet.

The strength and weaknesses of the leadership are as follows-
Strength
 Leadership maximizes the return for
the company Easy Jet airlines.
 Leadership helps in increasing
productivity
 Leadership ensures there is stable and
a healthy environment.
 By leadership functions there is
increased profitability in the company
Easy Jet airlines (Peng and et.al.,
2015).
 Leadership can motivate the
employees for the work which they are
not willing to do.
Weakness
 Leadership lacks the measurement and
the reviewing techniques (Ruan and
et.al., 2019).
 Leadership doesn't have any power to
control operations.
 There is increase in the competitors of
Easy Jet airlines.
 There are fluctuations in demand which
cannot be controlled by the leaders.
 Leadership doesn't have powers and
authorities to bring any changes in the
organizational structures of the company
Easy Jet airlines.
The situational leadership theory is too simplistic as there is no change in the theory and
remains same in every context. It mainly focuses on the leaders and there following by the
followers. The theory has low clarifying personal issues and less predictive approach. It will not
help the company Easy Jet airlines as the perceptive leaders behaviour is less effective.
The system theory is less effective as it emphasis on the managing organizations and not the
leaders. It can have more information on the variables of management (Pinto and et.al., 2016).
The contingencies theory of leadership the leader’s changes according to the
situations. Therefore, the contingencies leadership theory is suitable for the company
Easy Jet airlines.
LO3
P4 Key Approaches To Operations Management And The Role Of Leaders And Managers Play
Following are the key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and
managers in this-
TQM- Total quality management is an approach that critically examine the goods and
services of a company to satisfy the need of the consumer. This approach is very essential for
operation management to improve the quality of Easy-jet airline services. Leaders play an important
role in implementation of TQM (Akpolat, 2017) Leaders can act as senior manager by modelling

the TQM principles within the operation department . Apart from this leaders can act as head of the
batch for controlling TQM Process. Implementing the TQM needs group effort that should be
headed by organisational leadership team. Thus following are the responsibilities of the leadership
team that it should consider while carrying out the process of total quality management (Akpolat,
2017).
Participation- Every new company needs involvement from every department. The leaders
needs to identify the way in which these departments can make their contribution in the team. Then
it makes a team containing representative from every department for discharging the responsibility
and duty of carrying implementation process. Interest- For implementation feeling of urgency is
required to develop interest of each member of staff . For that managers and leaders can explain
employees how it can help the company and adds to growth of the organisation (de Jong and
Beelaerts van Blokland, 2016). Controlling- TQM is a dynamic procedure that requires close
supervision and controlling thus leaders and managers monitor each function of Easy jet airways for
getting quality in offering services to passengers. Controlling means comparing the actual result
with the standards or policy made for the TQM and taking corrective action to remove deviation, if
any.
Six Sigma- It is the method to minimize the error and defects for maintaining the quality of
services and goods. It also includes doing work efficiently and effectively for reducing cost and
time required to deliver services of Easy jet airways. Following are the principles of Six sigma for
operation improvement and involvement of managers and leaders-
Senior management support- Six sigma will give effective results only when senior
executive and mangers will support the process and activities of Six sigma. As it needs huge
investment and monitoring of top management so that finance related hurdles can be removed and
chances of deviation that can arise in the process of TQM can be reduced (Louche and Idowu, ,
2017) .
Providing training- Everyone in the management and department of Easy jet airways
should be given training regarding TQM and its benefits . As company always appoint an expert
from outside but that cannot be reliable for the long time . Senior manager needs to take training
regarding business value of TQM , middle level management need to understand how to work with
it, and operational level of management needs to take training regarding the way of doing it and
communicate it to the upper level departments of Easy jet airways .
Focus on people and process- Another principle of TQM is focusing on process and
people , it states that a company cannot achieve quality only by reducing and improving defects but
for achieving the quality , one needs to motivate and encourage its employees and members. Here

leaders play an important role by influencing and creating enthusiasm among its staff so that they
can take an active part in the operation management that will give quality results(Louche and
Idowu, , 2017).
Lean Manufacturing- It is the method of minimizing wastes, time and efforts and
simultaneously maximizing the productivity and adding value to the product and services. Lean
manufacturing is very important tool for operation management of Easy jet airways for improving
the customer value by delivering low cost services with low prices.
The lean manufacturing aims at continuous improvement that is divided into three
principles- challenge: one need to challenge itself every day for achieving goals so that it can find
best solution of improving products and services . In addition to this Kaizen is the another principle
which states that continuous improvement in operations of Easy jet airways will be achieved
through innovation and evolution. Genchi Genbutsu states that to understand the real situation one
needs to go to the place of work, so it is the responsibility of managers and leaders to control and
watch that is actually happening at the workplace (Mitreva, and et.al., 2016) .
A lean leader plays an important role in carrying the functions of lean manufacturing by
working as a coach and takes all the steps to standardize the work and develop an understanding
among every employees to participate in the team.Apart from that lean leader acts as a motivator
that includes ensuring workers contribution of workers in creating value of the service of Easy jet
Airways and addition to customer value(Louche and Idowu, , 2017) .
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objective
Operation management is the part of management that deals with carrying production
process and operation functions or it focuses on redesigning of all the operation functions in the
organisation. It is very important for an organisation to increase its revenue , for customer
satisfaction etc. Furthermore there are following benefits of operation management.
Customer satisfaction- The most important objective of a company is to offer best service
to its customer and satisfying the need. Thus the operation management takes care of service quality
for ensuring the customer needs to be met. For the purpose of customer satisfaction operation
management use various methods of quality improvement of services of Easy jet Airways.
Ultimately it will help in achieve customer oriented goals of the company (Reid and Sanders, 2015).
Increase revenue- Increase in quality and customer satisfaction will lead to create demand
of service of Easy jet Airways in the market . It will create a good brand image of the company

among audience and will attract potential customers. That will ultimately leads to increase in profit
and revenue of the firm . Furthermore it will expand the market share of the company by creating
positive financial reputation of Easy jet Airways. At last increase in profits , will achieve profit
oriented goals of Easy jet Airways.
Waste reduction- It is one of the most important aspect of operation management. It
generally use lean manufacturing for reducing waste and just-in-time technique for managing
inventory. Reduction of waste will results in optimum utilization of resources . Thus it will help in
achieve organisational objective effectively.
Product quality- Operation management ensures for quality management which enables
enhancement of service quality .When taking service quality into account , it depends on two things
Reliability and timeliness . Thus operation management of Easy jet Airways provide services by
ensuring its reliability and timeliness (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018).
Increases productivity – Operation management is important for increasing productivity.
The ratio of input and output is productivity. It gives a measure of efficiency of the employees and
other members. Since It focus on using available resources in the best way to achieve the service
delivery related goals of Easy jet Airways.
Apart from all, operation management is the heart of the organisation as it controls all the
operations of Easy jet Airways . It also deals with designing and improvement of systems that
offer or deliver primary goods and services of the company. Apart from that use of operations
management is very important in service company to ensure and sustain efficiency and
effectiveness in the organisation. Efficiency in Easy jet Airways is concerned with how well
resources such as human expertise and inputs are put in use .Through its activities Easy jet Airways
, ensures that primary objective for its organisation is to maximise stake holder's value and
maximising profit. The company reduces its costs of production by ensuring that resources that are
tangible and non-tangible are not wasted in the organisation. It is the situation where companies
carries out its objective effectively to be a leader in the market using minimum resources to achieve
maximum output(Sweis and et.al., 2019) . Thus operation management helps company to become a
market leader as the function of minimizing waste and maximizing output is the function performed
by operation management itself.
The measure of efficiency and effectiveness in Easy jet Airways leads to increase in
capacity of service delivery people. Apart from that Easy jet Airways also encourage good use of
services through operation management. Product or services management includes wide range of
management activities, ranging from the time that there is a new idea for service to eventually
provide continuous support to customers who have purchased the new product. Thus every

organisation conducts product management to discharge this functions (Sweis and et.al., 2019).
In addition to this operation management is important to keep a business fresh and allows
for new product and services to be created. Thus the operation management is responsible for
ensuring that business remains effective by creating new products and services to meet customer
need. The operation managers are responsible for deciding the process that should be used to
produce a product or delivery of service. Apart from that operation management is important
because it ensures what is needed by whom and how to do marketing of services. Production
management team also knows what market the items should be focussed on (Slack and Brandon-
Jones, 2018).
Thus operations management is an important field in the business that comprises of all the
aspects of production, efficiency and process related to production.
LO4
P6 factors that affect operational management and decision making by leaders
There are various factors that affect operational management , some have negative impact
and some have positive impact and it has major impact on decision makin by leaders in following
way-
 Social responsibility -Corporate social responsibility means responsibilities of the
companies to do welfare of society, environment and economy of the country. Here
companies focus on handling serious environmental problems , consequently CSR is treated
as an issue that can be solved only by creating synergies between various functions of the
company , so here operation department is contributing towards CSR from establishing
product concept or services to its delivery ,as operation management focuses on optimum
utilization of resources ,recycling of waste material , and producing organic material which
is also a part of CSR activity (Mitreva, and et.al., 2016) .
Thus optimum utilization of resources will help in reducing scarcity of the resources in the
environment that will protect the resources for future generation. In addition to this recycling,
reusing and reducing of waste and discarded material in the process of production will help in
preventing pollution caused by reducing the need to harvest new raw material , it saves energy .
Apart from that it will reduce emission of greenhouse gases and allows products to be used to their
fullest extent . So these all these actions taken by operation management closely related to CSR
(Louche and Idowu, , 2017) .
 Culture – Operation management deal with the process that covert raw material and
resources into products. Culture can be defined as a set of common values shared by a group
that differentiate the people of the group from other and shapes individual behavior. By

analysing cultural differences between various groups and countries manager can analyse
the opportunities and challenges faced while managing the operation internationally. The
recent study has shown that national cultural differences between different locations can be a
major barrier to practice transfer. Apart from that culture in operation management of Easy
jet Airways create communication barrier because of that companies are unable to carry its
operations smoothly. Apart from that if company has employees from different culture in
operational department then it will make work more efficient and that will help in
understanding the behaviour of other employees (Sweis and et.al., 2019) .
In addition to this talking about workplace culture, that should be flexible and informal which
should allow free flow of communication between employees and reduce the misunderstanding and
conflicts that can arises due to distortion of the informal communication. Apart from this a healthy
culture in operation management helps in improving performance and increase productivity.
 Values and ethics- Ethics in operation and production (Sweis and et.al., 2019) management
is meant to ensure that production function or service provision are not damaging to
consumer and other people . In every organisation there are some code of conduct that needs
to be followed by everyone in the business. Government has made various rules regarding
carrying business functions that involves safety , health , offering products and services at
the given price etc. Theses all are the functions that should kept in mind while operation
management is carrying its operation. Apart from this there are various functions that are
governed by production ethics and that needs to be monitored continuously like there can be
various ethical problems due to new technologies used by operation management that are
dangerous for the health , safety and environment (Tsironis and Psychogios 2016) .
Technological advancement like radiations from mobile, genetically modified food and
medical equipment are the severe problems.
In addition to this defective services and products that are innately dangerous like tobacco,
alcohol , ware-fare etc. are also need close monitoring and compliance. In addition to this animal
testing and their right or use of economically or socially deprived people for testing and
experimentation is another area of operation and production ethics. Apart from that there are some
processes that are involved in the production of goods and delivery of services of Easy jet Airways
and a small error can decrease the quality that can lead to customer dissatisfaction
Usually many manufacturers are involved in production of same goods. They use similar or
dissimilar technologies for the same products .Setting a standard for dissimilar technology is often
difficult(Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018) . Apart from that there can be various factors that can
contribute to the dilemma of ethics in production like raw material, working condition ,

involvement of manpower etc.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that leaders and managers play important role in
achieving organisational goal efficiently and effectively. It plays an important role in decision
making of the top management. Apart from this it can be found that there are various approaches
used by operation management to maintain the quality of product and reducing the waste of
resources. Six sigma is used to minimize the wastage for reducing the chances of error. On the other
hand, lean manufacturing aims at increasing productivity with the given resources. In addition to
this it can be also found that leaders and managers play important role in approaches to
management as it manages whole team of the the representatives carrying the function of TQM and
Lean manufacturing. Apart from that it can be identified that there are various characterstics and
roles of leaders that are highlighted in the above study. There are different situations in the
organisation that can affect the role of leader and functions of manager that can be identified from
the above study.
From above study it can also be concluded that there are various theories and concepts of
leadership that leaders uses on the basis of situation like systems leadership, situational leadership
and contingency leadership . In addition to this it can be found that social responsibility have major
impact on business operation as CSR and operation management have common foctors.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Akpolat, H., 2017. Six sigma in transactional and service environments. Routledge.
Alsyouf, I. and et.al., 2018. Improving baggage flow in the baggage handling system at a UAE-
based airline using lean Six Sigma tools. Quality Engineering. 30(3). pp.432-452.
de Jong, S. J. and Beelaerts van Blokland, W. W., 2016. Measuring lean implementation for
maintenance service companies. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma. 7(1). pp.35-61.
Gergin, Z. E. Y. N. E. P. And et.al., 2017, September. Application of lean management to ground
operations processes of an airline company—A value stream mapping study. In International
Symposium for Production Research 2017 (pp. 13-15).
Heizer, J., Render, B. and Munson, C., 2016. Principles of operations management: sustainability
and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed.
Louche, C. and Idowu, S., 2017. Innovative CSR: From risk management to value creation.
Routledge.
Mitreva, E. and et.al., 2016. Optimization of Business processes in Airport Services Company in
Macedonia using the TQM Philosophy. Tem Journal. 5(4). pp.507-514.
Prakash, C., Barua, M. K. and Balon, V., 2015. Prioritizing TQM enablers to improve Indian
airlines performance under fuzzy environment. Industrial Engineering Journal. 8(8). pp.28-
34.
Reid, R. D. and Sanders, N. R., 2015. Operations Management, Binder Ready Version: An
Integrated Approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Slack, N. and Brandon-Jones, A., 2018. Operations and process management: principles and
practice for strategic impact. Pearson UK.
Sweis, R. J. and et.al., 2019. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL QUALITY
MANAGEMENT (TQM) IMPLEMENTATION AND ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE:
EVIDENCE FROM THE AIRLINES COMPANIES IN UAE. International Journal of
Information, Business and Management. 11(1). p.58.
Tsironis, L. K. and Psychogios, A. G., 2016. Road towards Lean Six Sigma in service industry: a
multi-factor integrated framework. Business Process Management Journal. 22(4. pp.812-834.

DiFazio and et.al., 2016. Bandwidth management (BWM) operation with opportunistic networks.
U.S. Patent 9,313,766.
Futaki, H. and Kobayashi, K., NEC Corp, 2015. Radio communication system, radio station,
network operation management apparatus, and network optimization method. U.S. Patent
Application 14/385.382.
Inamori, J., Casio Computer Co Ltd, 2017. Operation management apparatus, operation
management method, and computer-readable storage medium. U.S. Patent Application
15/223.871.
Okitsu and et.al., 2015. Information processing system, operation management method of
information processing system, and data center. U.S. Patent 9.189.039.
Peng and et.al., 2015. Uncertainty management in power system operation. CSEE Journal of Power
and Energy Systems.1(1).pp.28-35.
Pinto and et.al., 2016. Optimal operation of dc networks to support power system outage
management. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 7(6), pp.2953-2961.
Ruan and et.al., 2019. A Life Cycle Framework of Green IoT-Based Agriculture and Its Finance,
Operation, and Management Issues. IEEE Communications Magazine.57(3).pp.90-96.
Shidaganti, G. I. and Prakash, S., 2017. A Conceptual Framework for Educational System
Operation Management Synchronous with Big Data Approach. In Applied Big Data Analytics
in Operations Management (pp. 107-132). IGI Global.
Tsai and et.al., 2015. Electronic system with data management mechanism and method of operation
thereof. U.S. Patent 9,075,714.
Zhang, X. and Hu, P., 2017. The Countermeasures Research About the Operation Management
Personnel Quality in Nuclear Power Unit Safety. In New Energy and Sustainable
Development: Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on New Energy and Sustainable
Development (NESD 2016)(pp. 561-567).