Analyzing Drivers of Green Supply Chain Management
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This assignment examines the drivers affecting the implementation of green supply chain management. It analyzes various resources, conservation efforts, and recycling practices within a supply chain context. The focus is on understanding how these factors contribute to or hinder sustainable operations.
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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4 P1 Characteristics of leaders and managers with defining their different roles in organisation.4 M1...........................................................................................................................................5 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6 P2 Application of role and function of leaders and managers in M&S..................................6 D1...........................................................................................................................................8 P3 Application of various theories.........................................................................................8 M2...........................................................................................................................................9 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9 P4 Approaches of managers in operation management.........................................................9 M4.........................................................................................................................................10 P5 Importance of operation management in achieving organization goals..........................11 M3.........................................................................................................................................12 TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12 P6 Factors affecting operation management and decision making by managers.................12 D2.........................................................................................................................................14 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION Operation management is group of activities that controls and direct the various tasks associated with production and manufacturing of company product. Operation management includes various functions that are carried by organization in converting raw materials and different company into new desired end product (Akkerman, Farahani and Grunow, 2010). Operations and functions of company should be managed and controlled by mangers effectively in order to change optimum utilisation of resources of company. This functions of organization involves planning, controlling and directing operation efficiently and effectively. Marks andSpenceriscompany dealing withvarietyof productlikefood, wine, cosmetics, women lingerie etc. in UK market. Company has captured large no. of market shares with managing quality of operations and products of business organisation. It is necessary to mange operations of Marks and Spencer effectively in order to reduce cost incurred in wastage of raw material and other resources available in firm. Operations management focuses on development of end product through managing quality of product within the specified time constraints and quality measures by optimum utilisation of resources and capabilities of human resource available to company. Mangers and leaders are motivating forces that regulates task and job assigned to workforce of organization and helps in enhancing their efficiency by developing new capabilities and skills in employees by implementing new technology in workplace. In this report various roles and functions of mangers and leaders in achieving goals of company effectively are discussed(Burke, 2013). Various external and internal environment factors affecting operations and decisions making process of managers are also discussed in this report in order to gain specific knowledge about development of specific methods of effective decision making for success of organisation.
TASK 1 P1Characteristics of leaders and managers with defining their different roles in organisation. Executivesplays key role in organization. Managers are the policy makers in company that develops various strategies, values, norms for organization to work in appropriate defined manner to achieve all goals effectively and ethically. Leader play a vital role in business entity to give direction for employee to help achieving goals and objectives(Barratt, Choi and Li, 2011). It increases the behaviour and ability of workers toward complete job tasks. Characteristic of leader and manager- A manager defined effective way for determine all function of organization. On the other hand a leader help to workers for learning new things, and increasing own skills or knowledge for their work. Flexibility- Manager have to ability to make change in hard work process into easy formate that employees focus on organization goals. Work of a leader in a company to take decision in sort time. Leader help in managing workers problem and providing direction to take own responsibility. Manager and leader of Mark & Spencer's are very flexible to take decision in uncertain situation. Communication- This skill is very important for the manager and leader of an firm. Leader communicate with their team member to sharing information or identifying issues are related to work place. A manager communicate with leader to identifying group activities under work environment. Responsible- Manager take responsibility for all function of business and create a road map for all elements. A leader to take liability to identifying strengths and weakness of their team members. Role of leader and manager- ï‚·Manager and leader play an important role in Human resources department is to communicate with employees and analysing issues in different situations as well as organisation. ï‚·In Mark & Spencer' s manager define role of a leader to work with employees or manage all activities of the leader (Chen and et. al., 2011). Leader is person whose role is to define employees task and give instruction to complete challenges.
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ï‚·Manager create a systematic flow of work and information in all department of company. On the other hand company leader's capabilities to run a successful store and control the retail head office as well as franchises in different countries. Difference between Manager and leader- ManagerLeader ï‚·Amanagerexistonlyinaformal business entity structure. ï‚·They focus on achieving organization goals. ï‚·Function of executive such as planning, organising, directing and controlling. ï‚·Executiveadoptimpersonaland passive attitude. ï‚·Manager working with employees with minimum emotional attachment. ï‚·A leader exist in formal and informal organization structure. ï‚·Leaderfocusonfulfillingall expectation of his followers. ï‚·Hisperformonlyunderdirecting function. ï‚·Aleaderadoptpersonalandactive attitude ï‚·Abossattractedtonewideasand describesmemberswithrich emotionally. M1 Role of LeadersFunctions of Managers Transformationaltheircanbeappliedin definingtherisksofleadersinbusiness organisation . As this defines that leader bring required changes in actions and capability of hisfollowersthroughenhancingtheir motivationallevelanddirectingthem appropriatelytoperformtaskwithhigher efficiency. McGregorDevelopedtheorywhichdefines management style followed by an individual in different situation of business surroundings. He describes two theory namely Theory X which focuses in development of authorization style in managers functioning while theory Y focuses in developmentofparticipativebehaviourin actions of manager.
TASK 2 P2 Application of role and function of leaders and managers in M&S. Role of a leader- A boss role in an organization to understand all function how work together and get a best respond to internal and external changes. Chief also understand the strategic objectives are influenced by current and future business forecast(David, 2011). In some time making decisions and implementation ofchanges, the leader must consider the impact of many choice on all stakeholders. Its also create effective team for help its members to understand all task or help in contributing to the business objectives and goals. A effective boss recognised all changes in business process. A good chief has to invite many new suggestions and if possible implementation them into plans and programmes of Mark & Spencer limited. Role of a manager- A executive play an important role in Mark & Spencer recruitment and selection process. Its hire right people for right job who take all responsibilities of work tasks. Supervisor creates short-cuts when in process of sourcing, screening and selecting new candidate. Manger play a informational role to includes collecting, receiving and maintaining information. Its play a role as decision maker for resources allocation, handle of all issues as well as negotiator. Strategic manager spend a lot of time in thinking about firms missions and achieving targets(Management & Operations. 2017). Executive play a role of figureheads because the company formal authority and position as a symbolic to represent the goals or objectives of Mark & Spencer limited. Function of leader and manager-
Planning-It is the first step taking by executive for identifying goals and objective. Planning is the logical thinking for achieving goals or make decision for needed resources in operation of firm(Diabat and Govindan, 2011). Supervisor use this process to plan for future like some blueprints, alternative for strategies, take the action to reduce old mistakes and to beat the competition. Organizing-Next stage is setting all resources are used in business activities. A leader manage the employees activities and the manager identify the leader activities in the plan. Its must organize all resources well before to put in hand to take action. Through this function manager determine inside configuration, creating new relationship and assigning task. Staffing-Next function is staffing that supervisor decide to recruiting, selecting new candidates and give training for developing new skills and experience(Zurich, 2017). There are somesituations present a tentative decision that is subject to change by the manager change the decision according to the subject and that process the decision will not be the one side the subordination are also the part of it, but the final decision will be taken by managers of Mark and spender's. Directing-Underthiselementinvolvestheimplementationofplansbycreating individuals and group efforts through providing motivation, best communication, use leadership skills and greater supervision to set all resources. (Illustration1: Management functions, 2017) (Sources: Management functions, 2017)
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Controlling- It is process controlling all running activities of the Mark & Spencer limited to ensure to easily establishing plans and produce successful outcomes(Heizer, 2016). Through this function managing the all task of employees in different situations. D1 System Leadership-System leadership theory is a kind of theory which states that a leader is one who takes decisions according to the team and the group members. He is the one who makes sure that every team and department should be managed according to different levels (operations management. 2017). Every one has its own comfort zone and has a way of doing things according to them. They follow unique styles of leadership and make decision relevant to the audience. In a organisation there might be lots of department and for them different people work for them so that desired goals and objectives can be achieved. Same in the case of Marks and Spencer who hasto take decision related to the department carrying out operations in the store and outside the store. Some person might not be comfortable at any department and wanted that he should be shifted to another. So the leader will look at the opportunities and will shift him to another area. Transaction theory-This is defined as the maintaining and development of beneficial type of relations between leader and followers. As per this theory both the aspects work for each other profit in team. The leaders provides rewards or punishments as per the performance level of employees and followers in team. P3 Application of various theories. Situational Leadership-This theory state that no leadership style can be called as best because it depends upon the situation that how a individual reacts. There are different situations which arise in the life of a person and its the strategy which he uses to cope up with those. According to the theory, a effective leader is one who adapt in the different conditions of the situation and looks at different aspects of it. This theory was developed by Paul Hershey. Marks and Spencer leaders should look critically at different situation and make decision according to it. They should manufacture clothes and other luxury products according to demand of the situation and season. Contingency Leadership-This theory or model of leadership statethat there is no defined actions and behaviours which will leads to best mode to manage an company, to lead an organisation successfully or to implement profitable decisions in practices, all can be achieved
through critically analysing contingent situation and reacting efficiently towards problems and issues. So any action of the leader is depended on theintrinsic and extrinsic conditions(Sheu, 2010).A contingent leader is efficient in innovating his own leadership style to be reactive towards uncertain conditions in business environment.All theorganisations area open sector and need a proper management style in making any decision. Whatever decision is to be taken should have a aim of achieving goals and objectives in time and should yield more profits. Marks and Spencer can also adapt this leadership model at some part of their organisation. M2 TheoryStrengthWeaknesses Contingency LeadershipThisrespectiveleadership theory follow up an predictive approach to critically analyse various uncertainties that may arise in operation of company. This particular theory defines thatthisisnot an proactive approach and leaders do not follow precautionary measures toreducechancesoffuture uncertainty. Situational LeadershipSituationalleadershiptheory can be applied in practical in order to deal withdifferent situationoforganisation development effectively. This respective theory is valid only for short time period and shouldbemodifiedand improvedwhileapplyingto another situations. TASK 3 P4 Approaches of managers in operation management. The marks and Spencer is following variety approaches in order to manage their operations effectively and effectively by optimum utilization of resources available to firm. Company apply various approaches like lean production, continuous improvement, Six sigma, total quality management, just in time. All theses approaches are followed by Marks and Spencer in order to manage their waste and cost incurred in production and supply chain management of raw material and end product as well. These approaches are defined below:
Six sigma approach:This approach is based on developing zero waste strategy in organisation. This approach focuses ion reducing the waste production in operations and relies on the optimum utilisation of resources available in the company(Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari, 2014). This approach is developed by production manger in order to maintain quality of services and leads to achievement of higher effectiveness in supply chain system of organisation and ensures delivery of right product to right customer. This helps in managing logistic operations in Marks and Spencer. M&S is dealing in variety of product manufactured in variety of product line that are to be developed large no. of consumers according to the order placed. This delivery of products should be managed by Six sigma approach in order to reduce wastage of resources by managing 99.99% accuracy in company operations. Just In time:This approach is followed managing inventory of company effectively in introduction unit and retail outlet effectively. This approach ensures availability of required product at time of need. Marks and Spencer implement just in time approach in order to maintain their operation efficiently and reducing wastage and maintaining various cost incurred in wastage of raw material and resources of organisation(White, 2016). This is achieved by company in order to develop various software that are involved in maintaining inventory effectively in business firm. Just in time is system that is developed by manger in order to maintain product at the time of need and the product with expiry date is replaced by new product with help of just in time approach. Total quality management:Total quality management follows various approaches in order to manage quality of product according to the changing customer needs and performing. Marks and Spencer follows this approach in order to develop new product and improve quality of product as well as operations of the company according to customers preferences(Peng and Lai, 2012). This approach focuses on the performance of employees in the organisation and optimum utilization of and allocation of resources to every employee according to their assigned taskhelpinginreducing wastageofavailablerawmaterialandincreasing efficiencyof workforce of the company. This approach focuses in monitoring every task of particular operation carried out by Marks and Spencer according to the review given by the customer about specific product and services of company.
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M4 The Pest analysis of business environment can be carried out in order to critically evaluate various factors affecting operations management of Marks and Spencer in practices which is describes below: Political-The political insatiability largely affects management of operations in company to large extent as the organisation will not able to access various resources effectively in practices. Economical-The economic factors like GDP rate and inflation rate largely affects the investment budget of company on operation management and also affects internal functionality of firm. Sociological-The changing sociological needs and sociological factors influence the working behaviour of employee in the operation to large extent which may negatively or positively affects their performance level. Technological-While technology is have great relevance with bringhigher efficiency and development of good quality in operations by workforce to large extent. P5 Importance of operation management in achieving organization goals. Operation management is very integral part of every business organisation in order to manage its all operations and functions. It can be defined as a process or method that manages all activities of effective goods and services. In Mark & Spencer, operation management can be consider with overseeing, controlling and designing or redesigning the all business functions at the time of production for products(Slack, 2015). Along with this, it can be depended upon the purpose of the company: it involves- process of efficient designing, timely acquisition of unfinishedgoods,manufacturingtheitemsandadequatethetrainingofemployeesand maintainedoftools.Thereismentionbelowthefactorsofsignificanceofoperation management, such are as follow:- Managing and designing the system – operation management is helpful in order to manage and designing the overall system of business organisation. It puts control on all activities and functions that are performed by employees; provide them necessary information so as they can improves their productivity. It is a transformational process for Mark & Spencer because operation management helps into change the manufacturing process and gives something new to
thecompany.Everysuccessfulbusinessentityrecognisethecrucialrolethatoperation management plays as part of the overall company's strategy to maintain managerial skills. Encompasses services and manufacturing:- it also helps in to improving services and manufacturing process so as customers get quality products. If Mark & Spencer is able to provide good services to its buyers so as they can easily attracts towards commercial enterprise and maximise its sales revenue. Along with this, the process of operation management involves- planning, organising, directing and controlling upon all function or activities in order to measure the performance of employees. If the productivity of any employee is not good so as it is the responsibility of managers to give him/her necessary training. Maintain leadership:- operation management also helps in order to maintain global leadership among business organisation(Stadtler, 2015). It is responsible in effectively and efficiently managing the all operations with the help of experienced leaders. This plays strategic role in economic growth and success ; and help to subordinates for receiving them high wages or salary packages. If leadership manage in company so as their employees are automatically motivated and tries to work hard. In addition, with the help of good leaders any employee can trained and make able to improves its productivity level. M3 Leaders is having essential role in managing the productivity of firm to large extent. As the leaders are innovator and risk bearer in firm and they transform the new changes in behaviour and actions of his followers to bring higher passion towards work in team members. While mangers are the controller in the firm which regulates human resources as will as other assets efficiently in order to attain sustainable objectives of firm effectively in business environment. TASK 4 P6 Factors affecting operation management and decision making by managers. There are many elements which impact the leader and executive decision making process of organization. Internal factors-
Financial variables- It is a main function for running a business entity and operation management are depend on this element availability(Subramanian and Ramanathan, 2012). If Mark & Spencer limited does not have enough resources to replace old strategies and adopting new techniques in their operation process. Firm can not use new technology for make a good quality of goods, this lead to impact the decision making process of leader as well as manager. Value chain system- This organization has own value chain system under which worker, manager and leaders work together for achieve goals and objectives. A leader it is necessary to lead and give direction their team members for follow value chain process in order to make appropriate solution for any problem. Internal relation- Micro business environment include investors, employees, owner, and managers are work together. Leader creates good relationship with their team members to identifying skills and abilities. If there strong coordination and proper communication between each other, then manager of Company can take quickly and effective decision. External factors- Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)-The CSR activities of an business firm can be defined as the responsibility of an large corporation towards the society, government, peoples environmentfro their sustainable development.(Tang and Musa, 2011). Company take this responsibility towards society and manager take decision on the basis of different task. Its also help in manager in process of recruitment for the right job. Business Ethics- These ethics to manage and leader to study on business policies and principles are related to management function of Mark & Spencer limited. Company can adopted managerial ethics is intended to make easier for managers to take right decision on the job when a conflict of values is presented. Stakeholders- A person, group that has interest in an business entity. Stakeholders can affect on enterprise action as well as manager decision, objective or policies. All stakeholder are not equal and they control the shareholders activities. Help in make right decision for controlling extra activities of external shareholders. Competitors- Mark & Spencer has many competitor those are made similar products and services for customer. These are impact on decision making process of manager and leader, for a purpose to used new technology for making new innovation in their goods and services.
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Supplier- these people play an important role in organization value chain process, as it supply raw material to them on right time in order to make products and services(Turner, 2014) (Wang, 2010). Therefore, it is necessary for M&S Ltd to make proper coordination with supplier so that they get raw material on right time at right price. D2 Internal relations of workforce and teams largely affects the healthy working in business environment. While stability of financial fund for the investment plan also largely affects executionofmanagementstrategiesofoperationstolargeextentinworkingbusiness surrounding.Whilecompetitorsareotherextrinsicaffectingfactortotheoperations management and internal surrounding of Marks and Spencer as company have to implement various changes to analyse the competitors strategies in market to gain competitive advantage in changing trends of marketplace. CONCLUSION It can be concluded from above report is that mangers plays an crucial role in managing various operations effectively carried out by company. Different leadership style also affects the development of employees differently. Leaders helps in developing various skills by guiding workforce of company. Various factors affecting operations of Marks and Spencer should be managed by managers by developing various strategies by utilising key approaches in order to reduce waste and mange cost incurred in various operations to provide quality product within affordable range of customers. Company Marks and Spencer follows various key approaches like 6 sigma, continuous Improvement and Just In time approach to mange operations effectively. The different leadership styles like autocratic, democratic along with various managing theories like systematic, contingent theories helps in managing task assigned to employees and operations of company effectively.
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