This report analyzes the roles of leadership and management in an organization, using M&S as a case study. It explores different leadership theories and models, the importance of operations management, and factors influencing the business environment and decision-making.
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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
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CONTENTS Contents...........................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1 P1 Elaborate and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.....1 P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational context...........3 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4 P3 Different theories and models containing situational, systems and contingency leadership.4 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5 P4 Key approaches to operations management and the duties of leaders and managers............5 P5 Importance and value of operations management in attaining business objectives...............6 TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7 P6 Factors which affect the environment of business, operational management and decision making.........................................................................................................................................7 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
INTRODUCTION An association's structure is made of various numerous division. Administration and task is the investigation of dealing with the division and activity of the association. There is dependably a supervisor and pioneer exist in the association who deal with the divisions and leads the colleagues in the association (Alderton and Saieva, 2013). This report examined about the parts, obligations and qualities of the pioneer. There are distinctive methodologies and models are characterized in reference of administration frameworks and possibility. It is additionally characterized that how initiative expertise takes basics choices in the association to accomplish the destinations of the association. M&S is chosen organisation subject to define the operations and management in organisation. TASK 1 P1 Elaborate and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager Management and leadership plays vital role for systematic operations of the functions in the organisation. M&S is the largest Retail service group in all over the world and it is providing RETAIL and Retail services at international level. It started its operations from UK. Its headquarters are situated in England, UK. To manage and lead the operations of RETAIL and Retail services at international level leadership and managers are required extreme level of professional and management skills (Slack, 2015). Operational skills help theorganisationtoleadtheorganisationtowardsitsdesiredtargetsandobjectives. Management level helps to remove the conflicts and issue regarding the function. Leader helps the team members and mates to motivates them. M&S operates RETAIL and Retail services at international level and provide large scale finance requirement to the industries and business. It helps to fulfil the finance requirement in international market and countries for improving the growth of economy of the country. Roles and responsibilities of manager and leader are compared below: Basis of comparisonRoles and Characteristics of leaderRoles and characteristics of manager OrientationLeaders works around the objectives of the association. Their real part in the association is to take activities of Managersremainsthepieceof variousdivisionsofthe association.Distinctivedivision 1
targets and adjust the representatives andpartnerstoaccomplishthe characterized destinations and goals. havetheirownparticular administrators who give expected sources to work the office. Chiefs fill in as a communicator in the association. FocusA pioneer dependably centre around theobjectivesandtargetsofthe association and continue persuading therepresentativesandstaffto continueworkingviablyand effectively. Managers principle objective is to work the administration division withcompellingwayandgive expected help to the office (Sheu, 2010). ResponsibilitiesLeader is dependable to convey the undertakingandtargetswhichare started by him/her. Pioneer requires toreportstoitsbossesand management. Managersarethemindfulto report the chiefs and the partners of the association. Administrators partstaysexceptionallybasic since chiefs need to co-relate the different divisions. Approach to riskLeader constantly prepared to go out on a limb for getting focal points. Going for broke form the capacity to leadtheassociationbyitsown particular endeavours and skills. Riskcriteriastaysexpansivein measure in contrast with pioneer inlightofthefactthatat administration level hazard impact the whole departmental objectives and targets. FormulationFormulation depends on the errand design and plan of the work. Plan and arrangements are the key components tosetupanorganizationoftask (Tang and Musa, 2011). Managers need to investigate the arrangementandmethodology and they need to comprehend the repercussions of the arrangement at beginning stage. Role of leader by applying theories 2
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Trait Theory:this hypothesis works around various characteristics of a man as friendliness, conclusions,aptitudesandinformationandintelligence.Thesearetheadministration characteristics are required must to be a pioneer (Gimenez, Sierra and Rodon, 2012). Behavioural theory:This hypothesis characterizes and clarifies the nature and the conduct of the pioneer at work environment. Function of manager by applying theories Human relations theory: Building sound and solid relations is one of the basic nature of the pioneer. Getting wanted outcomes by keeping up great outcomes is the principle goal of this hypothesis. Chaos theory: this hypothesis is concentrated around a few strategies and improvement programs without affecting the solidness of the association. P2 Role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational context Initiative and administration parts are characterized according to M&S's situational setting ļ·Decision making:Pioneers and chiefs need to find a way to set up a development model or advancement design. Basic leadership techniques assume exceptionally urgent part in it. Administration and initiatives need to screen the monetary standards evolving rate, financial development rate and Gross domestic product rate of for making the approaches and procedures. ļ·Risk taking:There is constantly high hazard and shakiness exist in the idea of global financing and managing an account activities. Initiative needs to put their endeavors to gaugethehazardandopendoorsfortheassociation.Determiningcausesthe administration to set up the techniques and plans on time. There are numerous monitory arrangements are made by Universal Monitory Reserve which affect the financing approaches of the association. The changing rate of hazard factor dependably stay in the association that is the reason administration and authority need to manage it by their abilities and learning. ā¢Problem taking care of:Issues, issues and difficulties are the parts of any hierarchical structure or capacities. Size of these difficulties might be contrast according to the size of the association. M&S works everywhere level and the issues and issues are dealt with in this association by the additional common staff of 3
pioneers and administrators. They higher worldwide pioneers of fund and saving money part. Pioneers of M&S contains high expert abilities and hazard taking capacities to work the capacities in their way(Rosemann and vom Brocke, 2015). Once the difficulties get distinguished the authority and administration began taking a shot at and make their to discover the arrangements. TASK 2 P3 Different theories and models containing situational, systems and contingency leadership Overseeing tasks and capacities the overseeing aptitudes are required to have in supervisors and pioneers are require to have administration abilities to lead the group in viable way. There are a few hypotheses and models intended to comprehend the progression of administration such are: ļ·System leadership:System is an arrangement to play out an undertaking in viable way. Framework authority demonstrates towards the compelling way of playing out the undertaking and tasks by utilizing abilities and learning. Framework give the way to coordinate different divisions of the association. Framework characterizes the breaking points and criteria of work in which association need to works its exercises. ļ·Situationalleadership: this initiative works the elements of the association according to various situational settings. Circumstances and conditions of the association occurs by the workers conduct and their necessities. Outside condition of the association impact the circumstances to manage them versatile administration style. Association get additional points of interest from the examining the situational setting (Closs, Speier and Meacham, 2011). ļ·Contingencymodel:Possibilityischaracterizedasquestionablecircumstanceor conditions on which an association's control stays nonpartisan. Possibility models helps the administration and administration to discover these sorts of circumstances with the goal that the association would have the capacity to control the circumstances and get the focal points. Possibility models bifurcate the dubious components from the circumstance and make the circumstance advantageous in the authoritative setting. 4
TASK 3 P4 Key approaches to operations management and the duties of leaders and managers Leader's role in organisation Pioneer keeps and particular position in hierarchical setting. Pioneer stays in charge of expectations in the association. Pioneer dependably helps the workers and stays steady to the representatives. Pioneer doesn't intend to give arranges, a pioneer works with the group and take every one of the duties by claim. A pioneer contribute his/her endeavors from numerous points of view, for example, chief, educator and saint. Satisfy targets and points are the primary expectation of the pioneer. Continue spurring the individuals and schools towards the objectives isthesubjectoftheadministrationstyle(RaniandMoreira,2010).Partofpioneeris characterized in M&S are as under : As a representative Leaders of an association are the characteristics of the association. Part of pioneer turns out to be more essential when pioneer assumes an agent part for the association. To speak to the association pioneer ought to have sharp learning of the association. Pioneers must have the of amazing relational abilities, talking aptitudes and expert abilities. Centralised goals in one goal Parts and the objectives stays isolated among the various bureaus of the association. Distinctive office has their own particular targets and objectives (Kauppi, 2013.). Pioneer is capable to concentrated the departmental objectives in one authoritative objective. Supporting roles Inspiration is the main factor which causes the representatives to work viably and fluidly. Pioneer spurs its representatives by advancing them and giving prizes and acknowledgment. Inspiration factors encourages the workers to play out the tedious errand successfully and productively. Asamotivator Inspiration is the main factor which causes the representatives to work viably and fluidly. Pioneer spurs its representatives by advancing them and giving prizes and acknowledgment. Inspiration factors encourages the workers to play out the tedious errand successfully and productively. Administrativeoperator 5
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pioneer works the exercises with respect to organization of numerous branches of the association. Organization division of M&S worked by talented and capable representatives. Pioneer make an authoritative arrangement to deal with the work and keep up teach in activities of the representatives. Performance analysis Assessmentandexaminationoftheexecutionisthefundamentalsworkofthe association. Pioneer has examined the aftereffects of the undertaking and assess the execution as anindividualandgathering.Beingapieceofuniversalbudgetaryandkeepingmoney administrations M&S bifurcate the investigation work in various portions and classifications as income diagram in regard of advances, ventures and benefit. P5 Importance and value of operations management in attaining business objectivesļ·Market Expansion:Any association which needs to grow the measure of the business and structure of the organization needs development designs. Extension design give the way and clear the picture of the association at next level. Administration and tasks comprehends the solid and frail purposes of the association in aggressive condition. For instance if M&S needs to build its capital hold and keep up the rate of home loan and credit at steady level then its administrators and pioneers need to examination the idea of the market change and the investigation of the laws and control in regards to changes in rates.ļ·Improves Productivity:Efficiency change relies on the aptitudes of playing out the undertaking and expectations. In M&S the viability of work is assessed based on satisfying the objectives amid the money related year. The over all managing an account and money related exchanges are record amid the year and the execution of the offices are assessed based on deals proportion of monetary and saving money items as advances, contracts, protection polices, overdrafts and credit administrations. Each office comprise some arrangement of apparatuses which encourages the association to discover the individual execution of the representatives. Necessity are get recognized for preparing and advancement programs.ļ·Minimum Risks and Uncertainties:Criteria of hazard and vulnerability is found at different level in the M&S. The fiscal strategies get affected by the worldwide political 6
and provincial condition. Nations' development rates and decent varieties in sparing structure influences the financing and saving money arrangements of M&S. Legitimate administration of estimating the plans of future occurrences and occasions drives the association in smooth tasks of divisions. Figure of plan relies on the Global managing an account and monetary regularities, change in monetary standards rate, bank rates and so on. ļ·Fulfilment of customers wants and needs:Consumer loyalty's and development is the prime goal of the association. For any association it is required to comprehend the client needs and fulfilment zones and plan the structure concurring them. Administration and tasks causes the office to recognize the necessities and prerequisites of the customers and client and frame the approaches and techniques according to the request of the client. In the event that the item and administrations would be adaptable then it the association's position and picture would likewise wind up solid. Arrangements and systems ought to be receptive to the clients of M&S. Low loan costs and compelling protection designs draws in the customers and clients. Supervisors and pioneers design an appropriate speculation designs and advance systems with the goal that it could draw in the ventures and business. Smooth and justifiable procedure of loaning cash and advances increment the clients enthusiasm towards the association. TASK 4 P6 Factors which affect the environment of business, operational management and decision making Internal factors ļ·Board of directors:Directorate are the gatherings who are chosen in the general gatherings or yearly gatherings. The vast majority of them are the directors and general supervisors who works the work everywhere level.ļ·Culture:Culture is the whole condition of the association in which every one of the individualsfromtheassociationstarttofinishlevelperformtoaccomplishthe destinations of the association. Culture speak to the structure of the association. ļ·Employees:Representatives are the considered as labor of the association. These are the base of the association by which the undertaking and activities are performed and needing objectives are accomplished. 7
ļ·Owners:Association's proprietors are the people who give the back and venture to the association. The quantity of size might be varied according to the extent of association. Investor are likewise the proprietors of the association. External factors Outside variables are the components on which the association's control stays consistent. It is likewise separated in two unique classifications as general factors and errand administration. These components specifically and in a roundabout way impact the association. Such are ļ·Economic dimensions:Monetary arrangement of the nation impact the activities and strategies of the augmentation and advancement program of the association. There are distinctive monetary variables exist in any economy as Gross domestic product rate, development rate, Expansion rate, political condition. ļ·Technological dimensions:Improvements in innovation are the variables which can give positive or negative outcomes for an association. Strategies and techniques are the key elements which lessen the time and cost which is essential in any hierarchical setting. Diverse wellsprings of promoting and progressions designs causes the association to enhance the clientsā relations and building brand picture. ļ·Social-culture dimensions:Social and open culture of the nation alludes the idea of the client size and market. Culture of the nation impact the plan and the configuration of the structure of the association. Culture made of the client's enthusiasm with respect to item and administrations decision. Ensembles and customs are the most widely recognized elements which impact the approaches and techniques of the association. ļ·Political and legal dimensions:Political and lawful measurements of the nation bound the association to works its exercises in a successful and expert way. For multinational associations the political condition makes unverifiable circumstances and difficulties in settling on the basic leadership arrangements and plans. ļ·International factors:Worldwide business condition conveys heaps of chances to the association.Anassociationgetthechancestopresentitselfatworldwidelevel. Worldwide approaches and controls make difficulties to get endorsements and playing out the errands. Association need to confront the worldwide focused condition and distinctive authoritative culture. 8
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ļ·Customers, buyers and suppliers:Client assumes pivotal part in building the brand picture and authoritative development of the association. Provider are the gatherings who give crude material to make completed items. For saving money and financing businesses protection approaches, advances and home loans are the items to manage. CONCLUSION The above report clarifies the implications of administration and activities in the association. This report can characterize the measurements of authority and administration parts, abilities and ideals of directors and pioneers in the association. M&S is picked association to expound the authoritative structure at worldwide level and what kind of initiative and administrative aptitudes are require to work the capacities and lead the association at universal level. Distinctive administrationmethodologiesandhypothesesarecharacterizedtocomprehendthebasic leadership and procedures intends to achieve the objectives and destinations of the association. 9
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