Key Approaches to Operation Management and the Role of Manager and Leader at Tesco

This document provides an in-depth analysis of the key approaches to operation management at Tesco, a well-known UK-based company. It explains the role and features of leaders and managers, compares their responsibilities, and discusses their impact on the organization's performance. The document also explores various theories and models of leadership and management, such as situational leadership theory, task-oriented theory, and contingency theory. Additionally, it highlights the importance of effective management and leadership in achieving organizational goals and managing operational challenges.

Management &
Operations

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Explain and making comparison of role and feature of leader as well as manager..............1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Define examples of leader as well as manager apply in different situation...........................3
P3 Define theories and models in detailed manner....................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Explanation about different key approaches to operation management and the role of
manager and leader in it...............................................................................................................6
P5 Important as well as worth in relation to managing operations in accomplishing goal of
organisation..................................................................................................................................8
TASK4.............................................................................................................................................9
P6 Explain different elements related to environment of business that are impacting upon the
operational management and decision making of leaders and managers....................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management as well as operation is significant for gaining objective of Organisation in
given time period. It has been analysed that operation management helps in maintaining different
activity of company in appropriate way. This report is carried upon TESCO. It is considered as a
well-known company which is located in UK. It was established in the year of 1919 by Jack
Cohen. They offer large number of goods as well as services such as supermarket, convenience
shop to its user for satisfying them. In context of groceries, TESCO has explored the business
across the world with operating its business in 11 other countries. The company bring their
business in US in the year of 2013 and also diversified business into areas like clothing,
financial services as well as internet facility and many more. They launch new store named as
Jack Store. The primal purpose of organisation is to target customer for earning more and more
profit margin in upcoming time period. The chief purpose of this project is to adopt leadership
style for performing various functions in appropriate way. They also offer information or data in
respect of different model and concept that must be connected with leadership as well as
Management in better way (Meredith and Shafer, 2019).
TASK 1
P1. Explain and making comparison of role and feature of leader as well as manager.
Introduction to the company
The management team focuses on adopting various policies that provide direction to
perform various responsibilities. In the present assignment assist in improving the proper
understanding that imposes direct impact on environment. They offer wide variety of products as
well as services such as supermarket, convenience shop to its user for satisfying them. In context
of groceries, TESCO has explored the business across the world with operating its business in 11
other countries. The company bring their business in US in the year of 2013 and also diversified
business into areas like clothing, furniture, financial services as well as internet facility and many
more. They launch new store named as Jack Store.
The leader is considered as a person whose main purpose is motivating its staff of
company. In context of Tesco the leader emphasised on encouraging subordinate in good way.
And also it assists in completion of goal as well as objective in given period of time. The leader
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is responsible for giving work or task to its staff and also focuses on performing it by employees
in targeted time period. It increases the profit margin and productivity level of company
Role of a leader
The leader focuses on accomplishing objective of Organisation in pre-decided time
period.
Furthermore, the leader also wants to provide apparent picture regarding the vision of
organisation for carry out different task and good way.
Characteristic of a leader
It is necessary for leader to possess strong communication skills for motivating its
employees in order to execute their work.
Furthermore, the leader must have confidence and motivation level that help in increasing its
employees for performing task in good manner.
The manager is the person who emphasized on making appropriate plan, organise a structure,
staffing and provide direction and also monitoring and controlling the functions of business
Organisation in appropriate manner. It increases the experience level of an individual person and
also the performance of employees in upcoming time period (Lee and Tang, 2018).
Role of manager
In reference of Tesco, the manager focuses on enhancing tactics for completion Vision
and Mission of business organisation.
The manager is very important for offering effective information to its employees
regarding policy and procedures.
Characteristic of manager
In reference of Tesco the manager focuses on having good communication skill that help
in managing different activities as well as function of business organisation in better way.
It is important for manager to generate ground-breaking ideas for performing various
functions in better way.
Difference between leader and manager
Basis Manager Leader
Meaning The manager is a person
who emphasized on making
appropriate plan, organise a
The leader is considered as a
person who emphasized on
motivating its staff of
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structure, staffing and
provide direction and also
monitoring and controlling
the functions of
Organisation in appropriate
way
organisation. In context of
Tesco the leader focuses on
encouraging subordinate for
performing their task or
work in appropriate way
Approaches The manager is very
important for offering
effective information to its
employees regarding policy
and procedures (Price and
Forrest, 2016).
Moreover the leader also
wants to provide clear image
regarding the vision of
organisation for carry out
different task and good way.
Subordinate Workers are subordinate of
manager
Followers are the
subordinate of a leader.
Style The manager uses
transactional style.
The leader uses
transformational style (Qi
and Shen, 2019).
Role of leader and manager
The role of managers and leaders is different in Tesco. They are having different responsibilities
which have to be accomplished in order to manage the functioning of company.
Leader
Strategist: Leaders of Tesco have to develop various initiatives for identifying and
determining present condition of business.
Decision maker: The leaders have to evaluate and analyse business conditions in proper
manner. They have to take strategic decisions for the company.
Manager
Monitor: This role is concerned with governing and supervising different business
activities.
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`Conflict resolution: The managers of Tesco are involved in determining various
conflicts and fights that take place among the subordinates and employees.
TASK 2
P2 Define examples of leader as well as manager apply in different situation.
There are various kinds of responsibility that must be influenced by leader as well as
manager in dissimilar conditions. In reference of Tesco there are a variety of changes which is
arise in business organisation for fulfilling need of individual person alteration in government
policies as well as many more. There are description in respect of diverse condition in reference
of Tesco and also the role and function of manager and leader also given in detail that is given
below:
Conflict resolution it signifies the action that has been taking or resolving the problems that
arise within business organisation and imposes negative impact on the activity and operation of
company as well as performance level of employees. For example in context of Tesco the
situation of resolving issues and problems that help in generating product as well as services as
per the need of customer and also it increases productivity level as well as profit and provide
effective services to its user. It helps in achieving aim as well as objective and also builds
appropriate team for this purpose. When the employee performs their work in team then it is
natural to offer various issues as well as problems. There are different reasons that occurs
complexity or difficulty in performing work with team inappropriate communication and unclear
decision as well as inappropriate relation with its employees (Anand and Gray, 2017).
Roles of leader: herein the leader is very important for resolving issue in better way. In
context of Tesco, it is a responsibility of the leader to clarify the vision of Organisation in order
to perform the work as per achieving the goal. It is necessary to have a necessary skill as well as
knowledge for performing work in improved manner. Therefore, it is necessary to have
appropriate communication within a team member for dealing complexity as well as issue to its
subordinate for achieving favourable outcome and carry out the work or performance in good
way
Role of manager: In context of TESCO, the manager and leader are very important for
making appropriate strategy and also they focus on allotting the task that must be accomplished.
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The manager also offers necessary assets to the subordinate for performing their task or work in
a good way (Lee, 2018).
Rapid change: There are different kinds of changes that must be occurred with an
organisation for satisfying the need of customer. There are various advantages in relation to
commodity as well as services that must be offered or provided by organisation as per need. For
example the management of Tesco focuses on making modification or alteration in providing
delivery services to its customer and also innovative technology for gaining competitive edge
over rivalries firm. It is necessary to have better changes in the company by conducting training
session for its subordinate that help in increasing the skill and knowledge for carry out the
different task in good way. Therefore it is necessary for organisation to bring rapid changes
within organisation for carry out different task in good way.
Role of leader in case of circumstances the leader focuses on selection of talented or
capable employees for carry out the different task or work in an effective manner by
implementing or executing new technology.
The Role of manager they are very important for making appropriate strategy so that the
individual person can perform their work in improved manner (Feng and Shanthikumar, 2016).
P3 Define theories and models in detailed manner.
Situation leadership Theory herein the leader perform their responsibility according to
the different situation this model is given by Paul Harsey and there are various form of
leadership such as its selling, telling, delegating as well as participating. Therefore in reference
of Tesco, the manager focuses on adopting the appropriate theory in different situation or
condition that provides direction to its worker for performing work or task and appropriate
manner by resolving different types of issues and problems.
Strength this is helpful in providing motivation and satisfaction to its employees and it is
also advantageous for offering growth as well as development to its subordinate for taking
appropriate decisions during the particular period of time.
Weakness: The main weakness in relation to this concept is that they do not provide
appropriate information in relation to leader and also create a lot of confusion within
organisation that is considered as a major drawback for the company.
Situational system leadership Theory: here in the leader focuses on handling different
things in appropriate manner and also carry out duties in relation to providing task in an
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appropriate manner. In context of Tesco the individual person focuses on performing
accountability in good way for providing effective direction to its employees. It is necessary for
employees to provide healthy environment to its worker without managing any kind of issue.
This leadership Theory must be implemented in respect of new business venture for performing
different performance in relation to business in an appropriate manner.
Strength this model is appropriate for the new business venture because it is necessary
allot work to its worker in systematic manner by determining all the policies procedure as well as
tactics that help in achieving favourable outcomes during the particular phase of time period.
Weakness the main weakness of this module is that it arises complexity and difficulty that
occurs while administrating or managing different activity or plan with an organisation in an
appropriate manner/
Task oriented theory this theory focuses on assigning tasks and the implementation
which is required to achieve the favourable outcomes by completing the work on time. In
reference of Tesco it is advantageous for the member of team to plan as well as organising the
different method in an appropriate manner and also allot to its employees and properly
communicate the desired goal in order to achieve it.
Strength the ability of this model is to clarify the purpose or need of organisation that
must be cleared by its leader. The team member focuses on performing their duties and
responsibility in an appropriate manner during the particular phase of time period.
Weaknesses the drawbacks of this concept are that it is difficult for bring innovation in
performing the work in better manner it decreases the moral of the employees and they get
discouraged (Lockwood and Euler, 2016).
Contingency theory of leadership – According to this theory, it is concluded that
effectiveness of leader is contingent on the way of adopting leadership in different business
situations. There is need of managing the examining of different business situations and
analysing the different decision. Contingency theory concludes that leaders have unique
leadership style which can be used for guiding the employees. On the other hand, managers use
this theory for adapting the current situation and making team members work.
System theory of leadership - This is known as the leadership which enables leaders for
creating business condition in which people are working at different levels of productivity and
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managing the organisation functions. According to this theory, there is proper management for
different business functions.
The application of chaos theory and management by objectives
The management by objective is considered as an administration model that provides
explanation regarding the objective and goal of the management process. The focuses on
providing effective contribution for achieving goal and achieve the favourable outcomes. In
context of Tesco it is necessary to apply the different concept to the organisation increases the
effectiveness while performing different work in relation to employees in appropriate manner
and also achieve favourable outcomes during the period of time.
Chaos theory signifies that there are various things that need modification or alteration that
must be linked to multinational economics slowdown or bring alteration in change in consumer
behaviour as well as recession which arise at the market place. In reference of Tesco it is
necessary to apply different concept of the business venture must be able to bring an alteration
for eliminating losses that arise in different circumstances or situation that is considered as
chaos. This concept is very effective to bring changes within business organisation which must
be accepted in future time period (Kumar, Mookerjee and Shubham, 2018).
TASK 3
P4 Explanation about different key approaches to operation management and the role of manager
and leader in it.
There are various approaches within the operation management which has to be followed
by the organisation for achieving the maximum productivity as well as increasing its market
share by performing at larger level. In relation to Tesco it is also performing at that level where it
has to deal with various operations management functions and approaches some of these are
discussed below:
Six sigma: Six sigma that approach in operation management which is directly related to
increasing the quality of the product as well as decreasing the cost associated with the product by
reducing the wastage. It is a popular method used by the Tesco which helped organisation in
minimising the wastage of the resources as well as increasing the quality of the product so that it
can achieve economy of the scale as well as other benefits related to the cost in on the product
and increased its profitability by the time (Young, 2016).
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Role of Tesco leaders and managers
Six sigma is conducts different stages of six levels for removing the defects and problems
in the products within Tesco. These stages are define, measure, analyse, improve and control.
The manager and leader of Tesco has to conduct analysis during this process for identifying
issues and impact on business of Tesco because of defects.
Lean manufacturing: Lean manufacturing and lean production is also a method which is
adopted by the organisation and operational management where in this method organisation tries
to follow some principle related to increasing the productivity within the organisation and
identifying each product by minimising its cost. This method is helpful to the organisation like
test for introducing the cost of product as well as using their resources in an appropriate manner
so that form can achieve a competitive edge within the market.
Role of Tesco leaders and managers
In order to manage success of various organisational activities and functions, there are five
stage of lean principle like specifying values, male the value stream flow establishment,
implement as well as perfection of the work. These provide help to Tesco managers and leaders
for analysing as well as evaluating customers needs. With the assistance of all these stages
manager and leader of the company easily provide quality services to its target customers as per
their needs and wants. After this activities, manager is responsible for developing plans and
procedures to satisfy the customers requirement. This will directly contribute in making brand
image of company more competitive and successful as well.
The key approaches to operations management in relation to TESCO that is going to be
mentioned below:
Market based approach: In this approach, the organization focuses on marketing of
their products and services at relatively low cost for satisfying them.
Resource based approach: Herein, the organization uses different kinds of resources in
order to make process for satisfying the requirements of customer at marketplace.
Systems based approach: Herein, the organization follows systematic procedure for
achieving goal as well as objective of business organization.
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Production based approach: This approach is applied for increasing productivity of
business organization in future period of time. It helps in improving level of production which
will be beneficial for success and growth of company.
These are some common approaches which are followed by organisation like Tesco in
operational management as well as achieving the maximum productivity within the organisation
and gaining maximum advantage with the competitive market.
Role of manager and leader in operation management
Manager and leader within the organisation play various roles and responsibility while
performing on a particular job related to operational management within the firm and applying
the approaches and ate some of these roles and responsibility are mentioned below:
Guiding and monitoring activity: It is a major role of leader and manager within the
organisation to guide the employees about the method used by the organisation to maintain the
operational management as well as they also monitor the performance of different employees
related to operation management so that from can easily achieve its target related to particular
products and processes.
Arrangement of resources: For performing various pass it is important for the
organisation to arrange the resources in an appropriate manner so that different operations can be
performed according to the need and requirement of the product and services offered by
organisation in a market to its consumer. Manager and leader in the organisation always ensure
that all resources are available to the production department so that they can produce in an
effective manner by using these resources efficiently and increasing the productivity under
operational management system.
P5 Important as well as worth in relation to managing operations in accomplishing goal of
organisation
The significance of operation management is easily understood that help in achieving
favourable outcomes within business organisation. It signifies different kind of system that must
be used by organisation for implementing various operations within business organisation. There
are various types of tactics such a six sigma model, total quality management and many more
that help in reducing the price as well as minimising wastage. In context of Tesco, it is necessary
to appropriate utilisation of resources by using various approaches that help in understanding the
significance of the process of operation management. It helps in increasing the level of efficiency
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and also performs the different functions in an appropriate manner. It is necessary to make
appropriate vision for smooth functioning of organisation (Wisner, 2016).
Controlling and the distribution system operation management is considered as the
performing whole monitoring and controlling of inventory and also they focuses on influencing
outflow of various kind of goods as per the need of customer by determining external
Marketplace. It is a technique that is useful for reducing whole cost in relation to supply of goods
as well as services and also focuses on reducing the wastage. The manager focuses on controlling
and monitoring the appropriate utilisation of resources in a good way. They also focus on
administrating the right inventory at the right time to its right customer and also focus on whole
control or monitor the price of holding stock. In context of Tesco, the need of stock that must be
assessed and also focuses on reducing the price of inventory for achieving favourable outcomes.
Process design operation management assists in whole designing or controlling the
process so that it focuses on converting the vision and mission of business organisation for
achieving favourable outcomes. There are various steps that must be obeyed by business
organisation for appropriate sequencing of operations team within organisation. The manager of
organisation focuses on considering the whole process that must be done for purchasing different
product during the particular phase of time period. In context of Tesco there are different
activities which must be managed in an appropriate manner for satisfying the customer.
Transformation of raw material into finished goods this is considered as the most
significant aspects that help in converting the raw material into finished product that must be
given to end consumer. There are various methods or techniques which must be used by
supervisor for transforming the material into finished good. There are various kinds of tactics
that is useful for administrator for reducing the cost by using various techniques such as a total
quality management, lean production, Six Sigma and many more. It is helpful for administrator
to acquire the goods at the right time and also manage the quality of the material for providing
best product to its user.
Capacity management operations management is very significant for business
organisation as it helps the organisation in appropriate utilisation of resources by maximizing the
whole potentiality. This capacity is connected with how efficiently the organisation provides
superior quality goods to its customer. In context of Tesco it is necessary to connect the
operation management for increasing the whole production so that it reduces the cost.
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Logistic and inventory management for the purpose of having different inventory it is
necessary to have a Logistic management. They focuses on providing the products and services
to its end user within a given time period and also they focus is on zero waiting by its customer.
They also focuses on appropriate logistics system for deliver the product in specified time period
to its end user.
Scheduling Herein, there are different kinds of activity and function which must be
performed by organisation for performing different activity in an appropriate manner. There are
various activities which must be scheduled for performing in a timely manner. In context of
Tesco there is the need of arrangements and taking sequential steps for offering finished product
to its customer as per the need of its customer. It is necessary to have a properly managed
inventory and also store inventory in proper manner (Utne, Sørensen and Schjølberg, 2017).
TASK4
P6 Explain different elements related to environment of business that are impacting upon the
operational management and decision making of leaders and managers
There are various factors which are impacting on the performance of individuals as well
as decision-making ability under the operational management for leaders and managers within
the organisation. In context of Tesco, it is a global organisation which is also facing this kind of
issues while performing its business operation. Decision making is defined as the power which
is present with the executives and this is used by them for guiding subordinates and workers for
achieving the organisational goals. There is need to manage the business activities in proper
manner for developing effective strategies. Some major factor which impacts on decision making
procedure of Tesco are given below:-
Corporate social responsibility – This is defined as the way by which different companies
organise activities in order to benefit society. Tesco organises various charitable programs in
order to gain customer attention.
Culture – This is defined as various beliefs, values and ethical factors that are involved in
an organisation's functioning. It is very important for a company to manage the business value
and beliefs so that goals and objectives are achieved in specified time frame. The Tesco
managers and leaders are involved in developing and managing the culture that is followed
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within workplace. By implementing a positive work culture, all employees respect each other
and their customers that lead to customer’s satisfaction.
Social Factors – This is defined as external element which affects business environment of
Tesco. There are Tesco managers and leaders who are able to develop strong strategies and plans
for managing the functions and activities properly. The leaders and managers of Tesco create
effective strategies in order to improvise the service this company is providing.
Economic Factors – This factor related to economic conduction of a country or a
company and it is necessary for a company to develop strategies and plans accordingly. Leaders
and managers of Tesco have to focus upon various economic factors such as tax rate, income
rate, unemployment rate and many more before providing any decisions.
All factors which are mentioned above are affecting decision making process of a
company because when there is any change occur in these factors company leader as well as
manger need to develop strategies and policies accordingly which help them in developing
strategies in effective manner.
Certainty: the major factor in operational management with impact on the decision
making ability of the leader and manager in the organisation is certainly.
The main advantage of taking decision are made under the condition of certainty when
the manager has enough information about the outcomes of the decision he is going to take but
under operational management it is not clear to the manager that what are the outcomes which
can be arise in near future related to the particular decision.
Disadvantages This little ambiguity and relativity will increase the chances of failure of
the decision as well as improper use of resources.
Risk: Risk is also an important factor in operational management which impact on the
performance of a leader or a manager while taking decisions. this directly impact on the
decision-making ability as most managerial decisions are made under the condition of the wrist
where the decisions are taken in the risk when the manager has some information leading to the
decision but does not know everything about that and is unaware about the different
consequences. this impact directly on the performance of organisation as well as decision-
making ability of the manager as it take the decision under this which can impact on profitability
and productivity of different.
Advantages: Risk taking by organisation gives higher rate of return in future period of time.
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Disadvantages: There are various risks which arise that is sometime suffering losses at
marketplace.
Alternatives: Alternative fuels impact the decision making ability of a manager while
performing within an operation management system. This can be seen in Tesco, where manager
has to change itself according to needs and requirement of of the customers and employees
within the organisation. This is because there are various alternative of one problem within the
organisation and leader has to choose one alternative among various alternatives which also give
a rise to a problem related to decision making and can impact on the operation management of
the firm (Tönnissen and Teuteberg, 2020).
It can be evaluated from the above that there are various factors which impact on the
decision making ability of individual while working in an organisation this is because each and
every alternative have its own risk and consequences which have to be analysed by the manager
to increase the chances of profitability and managing working conditions within the operation
management. it can also see that operation management is an internal part of the organisation
which directly impact on the performance of a leader and a manager within the firm and help
them in identifying and taking various decisions related to different task and process is related to
operation management within the organisation this also open different fields in front of the
manager to operate within it and increase the chances of success in a particular environment
(Bazargan, 2016)
CONCLUSION
On the basis of given report it has been analysed that management and operation is very
important for handling different activity of Organisation in good way. Therefore it is necessary
for organisation to focuses on various tasks to perform for a achieving mission in given time
period. They also help in building good relationship with customer and also various theory as
well as approaches is used in different condition for achieving best possible outcomes. The
primal purpose of organisation is to target customer for earning more and more profit margin in
upcoming time period. The primary purpose of this assignment is to use appropriate kind of style
of leadership for carry out various functions in appropriate way. They also provide information
13

or data in respect of different model and concept that must be connected with leadership and
Management in better way.
14

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