Effective Operation Management Strategies

The assignment requires preparing a detailed report on the role of managers and leaders in business operations, highlighting their importance in creating rules that are beneficial for an organization. The report should discuss how managers and leaders use technologies to promote commodities through various mediums, such as internet, social media, newspapers, and magazines, leading to increased sales and profits. Additionally, the report should include a conclusion summarizing the findings and referencing relevant books and journals.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparison of various roles and characteristics of leaders and managers.......................1
P2 Role of leaders and functions of managers according to various circumstances..............3
P3 Theories and model of approaches....................................................................................4
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................5
P4 Approaches for operation management and roles of leaders and managers of Marks and
Spencer...................................................................................................................................5
P5 Operation management and its importance of values in achieving business objectives...7
P6 Factors that have an impact on operational management and decision-making by leaders
and managers in Marks & Spencer company.........................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations is one of the important factors which is essential for a
company to rum their business. It assists an organisation to create and manage according to the
current market situations so as to gain maximum benefits for their firm (Tang and Musa, 2011).
This ensures that customers are provided with final goods with superior qualities. Hence, their
prior responsibility is to transform raw materials into final goods which gradually enhances the
sales and share of profitability. Leaders and managers can be said as important persons in an
organisation who lead and manage the team in an effective manner. Thus, they assist them to
attain higher position in the market area. Other than this, they motivate and encourage their
squad to perform in a better manner. Marks and Spencer is one of the leading companies which
manufacture clothing and household products. It has around 976 stores across the United
Kingdom. In this report, various roles of leaders with different characteristics of managers are
included. Leaders and manger's role are important which helps a company to achieve their set
targets and objectives, for this what approaches they are using is mentioned in this assignment.
TASK1
P1 Comparison of various roles and characteristics of leaders and managers
Leaders and managers are essential for any company so as to conduct their business in
smooth manner. Leaders are those who prepare a proper plan to execute the tasks properly. They
guide and show the best possible path from which they can easily achieve their set objectives.
Whereas, managers assigns the tasks and conducts various activities for improving the skills of
their employees (Lee and et. al., 2014). They make sure that a healthy environment is
maintained at the workplace where workers can work peacefully. For this, they can monitor the
performance on a regular basis which will assist them to know the behaviour of an individual.
Below some of the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers are:
Roles of Leaders
Motivate and encourage their employees: Leaders motivate and encourage their team
members to work appropriately. They make sure that all the problems are eliminated which act
as a barrier in their performance. Managers treat their workers equally without any
discrimination which helps them to identify the needs and satisfaction level of employees. They
ensure that team put efforts for attaining a common goal.
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Support and counsel their employees: Support and counselling is important if an
individual of a team is lacking behind his/her performance. Leaders guide their team members in
such a way that they choose the right path for accomplishing their goals. Thus, they provide the
best suitable way for problem solving (Bainton and et. al., 2011).
Builds a strong team: Leaders are having lots of responsibilities for completing their
tasks on specific time period. For this, they create a strong team who are eligible for completing
the work. Thus, it is the prime duty of management to select those candidates who are more
suitable for the job.
Roles of managers
Implementations of new policies and plan: After looking all the problems, they
implement certain policies and plans which are for the benefits of an organisation. They make
rules which are according to the norms that provide them benefits.
Provide training: Managers are the one who conduct various seminars and workshops for
improving the performance of an individual. This assists them to know about the behaviour of
their employees related to their interest of doing any work. Workers can increase their existing
knowledge from these training activities.
Monitor the performance: Monitoring the performance helps managers to identify the
performance of a person whether he/she is doing the work appropriately so as to work in a proper
way.
Characteristics of leaders and managers
Positive attitude: Work of managers is not as easy as it looks. They have to perform their
tasks at higher level and thus, it is essential for them to remain positive throughout their
performance. This assists them to change the negative force into positive way and helps them to
encourage their team members (Zhang and et. al., 2015).
Different mind-set: Leaders and managers; both have different mind sets which aid them
in making creative and innovative ideas through which they can assist company to attain superior
positions.
Confident by nature: Leaders and managers both should be high on their confidence,
because they are the one who represent their organisation at different levels like seminars,
conferences and workshops. Thus, it is essential for both of them to attend some activities which
will increase their confidence level.
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Here, comparison between leaders and managers are given below:
Leaders Managers
 Leaders are essential as they guide their
team members in preforming their task
in effective way.
 They helps their team members in
completing the task.
 Leaders ensure that team is following
the guidance which are provided to
them.
 They divide work in different
departments and manages the task
accordingly.
 Managers heir eligible candidates who
are appropriate for the job.
 They explain norms and strategies
before the joining of job.
P2 Role of leaders and functions of managers according to various circumstances
Leaders and managers are necessary for an organisation as company's performance is
based on them. They perform their activities according to firm's needs and wants hence, they
work as per the situations arises. With the change in market areas work of managers and leaders
have also changed (Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo,, 2016). They not only provide guidance to their
team members but also assist them in evaluating the various situations according to which they
can implement new strategies. Therefore, below are some of the features which are used for
effective process and they are as follow:
Customers: This is one of the important element on which company's sales and profits
depends. Hence, organisation should manufacture good according to the needs and satisfaction of
their customers. They must make products which are as per the current trends so that consumers
can buy their maximum commodities that will gradually increase their business in world wide.
Employees: Workers are the most crucial element because they are the one who assist
companies to make products. Hence, organisation should appoint candidates who are good in
performing the task in difficult circumstances. Marks and Spencer have implemented certain
training activities for the growth of an individual so that they can be capable of providing good
services to their customers (Haux and et. al., 2013).
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Suppliers: They are the one who provide companies with raw materials so that they can
make their final products. This helps a firm to maintain healthy relations with suppliers.
Society: This can be seen as an important element which most of the companies keep in
mind before introducing any products. Marks and Spencer have investigated all areas where they
can gain maximum profits and established their business operations. This process is providing
them with benefits and leading their enterprise into superior positions.
Therefore, Managers and leaders of Marks and Spencer are working and implementing
plans and strategies according to the current market trends. They are giving training to their
employees so that they can give better services to their customers.
P3 Theories and model of approaches
Company to work in a proper manner they have adopted certain theories and models
which helps them to make changes as per the circumstances. They execute plans in such a
manner that all the needs and wants of consumers are fulfilled in specific time period (Witt,
Brooke and Buckley, 2013). Mainly there are three kinds of learning styles which are used by
any company for better performance and they are as follow:
System leadership: This follows a systematic procedure which act according to
customers needs and satisfaction. Managers and leaders compel their employees to work together
to attaining maximum profits. Information is being transferred in a proper manner for an
example a plan which has been formulated by top level management it goes to middle level and
they assign jobs accordingly to lower level employees.
Situational leadership: This kind of leadership style was given by Kenneth Blanchard
and Paul Hersey. In this managers and leaders opt those styles which best fit for an organisation.
According to this styles they can make changes in their strategies as per the situations at market
areas. For example: if company is not getting much profit from current plans than they can make
some alterations for getting better performance.
Contingency leadership: It is same as situational leadership which assist them to manage
their work related to different departments. Marks and Spencer is using this level of leadership
which helps them in making proper decision which are related to economy, finance and
marketing and sales. Thus, Marks and Spencer is making innovative ideas for resolving their
problems and issues.
Management theories
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Modern theory of management: This theory can be said as the modern theory which
many companies adopt for benefits (WU, WANG and CUI, 2013). In this organisation
implement new tools and techniques that helps them in manufacturing goods in specific time
period. This helps and guide companies about the recent trends through which they can attain
maximum profits. Hence, it gradually increases the capacity of firms in producing products at
higher level. Modern theory of management is high at cost but are reliable afterwards. They
produce goods on time because of which enterprise can sell their products to their customers.
Classical theory of management: This theory, came into existence in old times and many
organisation are using this for running their business in a proper way. They follow the orthodox
process so, they didn't accept any changes in their firm. Although it is low at cost but consumes
more time as compared to modern theory of management.
Thus, both the theories have different stand according to the situation, Marks and Spencer
has adopted this theories as per the circumstances. They are using this in various levels which
assist them in decision-making and accomplishing their task. Hence, it is providing them with
better results and outcomes through which they are gaining a superior position at market place
(SHAO and WANG, 2013).
TASK 2
P4 Approaches for operation management and roles of leaders and managers of Marks and
Spencer
Operation management helps leaders and managers in operating different task as per the
departments. Through this they can make appropriate decision for future growth which aid them
in gaining better performance. Some of the theories which Marks and Spencer have acquired in
business process are mentioned below:
Six Sigma theory: For any improvement company consider this as an important tool
which assist them in attaining set targets. Bill Smith was the person who gave this theory he has
evaluated that Six Sigma Theory offers them to identify and then eliminate the elements which is
acting as a barrier in their performance (Rinke and et. al., 2012). In this whole process it includes
certain steps which are Reducing process cycle time, methods through which they can reduce the
effects of pollution, diminishing cost and fulfilling customer's needs and satisfactions. Marks and
Spencer has applied this theory which is providing them with maximum benefits.
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Just-in-time: It helps organisation to complete the task before time period and this helps
them to manufacture more and more products. By doing this, it helps them to deliver products to
their suppliers who will further give to their consumers. Company can conduct certain
programmes where employees can learn about managing their time in effective manner. This is
gradually enhancing the productivity and market shares at market place.
Lean Production: Marks and Spencer has adopted this so as to reduce their wastage. It
helps them to perform their task in systematic manner. Company tries to avoid all things which
are not providing them any market value. They tend to produce quality products at minimum
rates. This reduces the burden from workers and helps them in producing better commodities.
Thus, managers and leaders should make sure that team mates are doing work as per the
guidance (Peng and et. al., 2015).
Continuous improvement: For attaining superior position, it is important that workers are
accepting changes which will help them in performing in a better way. Thus, organisation should
adopt those processes which are easy to understand and assist them in gaining rapid growth in
business operations. Continuous monitoring of their employees is helping managers and leaders
of Marks and Spencer in making appropriate strategies which are as per the workers' behaviour.
The main roles of leaders and managers are given below:
Planning: For executing any task, planning is the most essential element which provides
a company an overview of how to perform their task in certain time period that will aid them in
attaining their set targets. Under this managers and leaders go through all the circumstances
before implementing them in reality. They also sees if the particular plan is not providing them
the appropriate results then some alterations can be made.
Managing: In this managers plays a crucial role as their prime task is to manage and
divide work in different departments according to the capabilities of their employees. For this
they monitor their behaviour time to time which assist them in completing their work in positive
manner (Park and Jho, 2012).
Coordinating: Coordination can be said as the important asset which helps an
organisation to accomplish their work in effective way. It also helps them to provide healthy
environment where employees can work peacefully. This aid them in reducing pressure from an
individual who is not being able to perform the task in affluencial way.
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P5 Operation management and its importance of values in achieving business objectives
Marks and Spencer is a leading multinational company which provides superior products
to their customers and this includes food products, clothing, home products etc., Currently M&S
is operating around 976 stores across UK and out of this 615 are selling food items. Their
revenues has raised to £10,622.0 million which is maximum from previous years. For
establishing themselves in various areas it is essential that managers and leaders motivate their
team mates in order to get better outcomes (Wu, B., 2012). Some of the advantages and
disadvantages are mentioned below which Marks and Spencer has adopted are as follows:
Increase the productivity of a company: Providing better goods and services will
definitely increase the productivity of an organisation. Thus, it is essential to introduce strategies
and plans which employees can easily understand before performing the task. They can
implement new tools and techniques which will provide them with better outcomes. Market
strengths, sales and productivity will be increased by using all the appropriate strategies.
Customer's Satisfaction: Customers can be said as a person who buy products thus, it is
necessary that whatever products they are manufacturing are according to the consumer's need
and wants. Marks and Spencer should review their feedbacks from which they can get to know
the behaviour of customers and also about the standard of their products.
Reducing wastage: Marks and Spencer is using products which using resources which
are diminishing their wastage. They are using a method i.e. carbon foot printing which is eco-
friendly. Many company have started opting this method as this is very influential (Slack, 2015).
Increasing profits: As the company have used latest tools and techniques which has
increased their profits and sales. They have also introduced new products with modified designs
which are according to comfort of their customers. Marks and Spencer is also looking for the
factors which is hindering the performance so that they can eliminate them in proper time period.
Costly but reliable: Although some of the commodities produced by M&S are expensive
but the quality which they are providing are best in class. Thus, customer's are buying their
products in large number which is increasing their market value and shares in upward direction.
Evaluating whether it is providing benefits for long term: It is not necessary that plans
which they have applied are giving them better results hence, managers should identify those
problems in time so that it does not hamper the business. Marks and Spence should make a
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separate department where they can identify and plan new strategies to cope up with various
issues (Tang and Musa, 2011).
P6 Factors that have an impact on operational management and decision-making by leaders and
managers in Marks & Spencer company
Operation management can have an impact on business organisation which may be
positive or negative in nature. All these elements can be evaluated by two factors i.e. internal and
external. Some of them are given below:
Internal factors: This factor assist an organisation to make proper decision which is beneficial
for their company. Apart from this there are some other elements which are mentioned below:
Employees:Employees are categorised as one of the important assets and companies are
rely on their work. For more better performance superiors should applaud its members on a
regular basis. This will increase the morale of an individual which can be seen in the
performance of their workers (Lee and et. al., 2014).
Suppliers: Suppliers are very essential because they are the one who provides them with
raw material which companies take to convert them into final products because without them
they cannot produce goods.
Consumers: Consumers are those who purchase their products Thus, company should
produce goods with best quality so as to remain in superior position at market area.
Society: Organisation should consider the market area before introducing any products so
that sentiments of person is not hurt in that particular area.
External factors:
Political factors: It is one of the essential element which every organisation should in
mind before implementing any sought of changes.
Economic factors: This is important as without capital no company scan run their
business in effective manner. Sudden alterations can have a negative impact on organisation.
Social factors: It helps a firm to identify which are the places which can provide them
with maximum benefits (Bainton and et. al., 2011).
Technological factors: Marks and Spencer has introduced many new technologies in
their business activities which is providing them better results on a continuous basis.
Legal factors: They make laws as per the norms which are provided by the governmental
bodies. Includes rules which are beneficial for an organisation (Zhang and et. al., 2015).
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CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that managers and leaders plays a prominent
role and deals with all the issues which is creating a problem in business operations.
Implemented certain rules is attracting more and more people towards their company which is
enhance the profits and sales. By applying technologies they can use various medium for
promoting their commodities that may include internet, social media, newspapers, magazines
etc., there sales have increased because they are giving products at a reasonable rates which a
common person can also buy. Thus, managers and leaders are showing the right path to their
employees for achieving goals.
REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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Tang, O. and Musa, S. N., 2011. Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply
chain risk management. International journal of production economics. 133(1). pp.25-
34.
Lee and et. al., 2014. Application of intelligent data management in resource allocation for
effective operation of manufacturing systems. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 33(3).
pp.412-422.
Bainton and et. al., 2011. Stepping stones across the Lihir Islands: developing cultural heritage
management in the context of a gold-mining operation. International Journal of
Cultural Property.18(1). pp.81-110.
Zhang and et. al., 2015. Thermal management of hybrid silicon ring lasers for high temperature
operation. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 21(6). pp.385-391.
Parisio, A., Rikos, E. and Glielmo, L., 2016. Stochastic model predictive control for
economic/environmental operation management of microgrids: An experimental case
study. Journal of Process Control. 43, pp.24-37.
Haux, and et. al., 2013. Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to
hospital information systems. Springer Science & Business Media.
Witt, S. F., Brooke, M. Z. and Buckley, P. J., 2013. The Management of International Tourism
(RLE Tourism). Routledge.
WU, X., WANG, X. and CUI, Q., 2013. Optimal operation of microgrid considering demand
side management. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University. 47(6). pp.90-96.
SHAO, G. Q. and WANG, P. C., 2013. Analysis on construction and operation of HSE
management system in CAP1400 nuclear power engineering. Journal of Safety Science
and Technology. 7. p.036.
Rinke and et. al., 2012. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent
emergency medical system users. The American journal of emergency medicine. 30(2).
pp.352-357.
Peng and et. al., 2015. Uncertainty management in power system operation. CSEE Journal of
Power and Energy Systems. 1(1). pp.28-35.
Park, H. K. and Jho, H. D., 2012. The management of vertebral artery injury in anterior cervical
spine operation: a systematic review of published cases. European Spine Journal.
21(12). pp.2475-2485.
Wu, B., 2012. Manufacturing and supply systems management: a unified framework of systems
design and operation. Springer Science & Business Media.
Slack, N., 2015. Operations strategy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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