Analysis of Management and Leadership Theories in Achieving Organisational Goals

This report analyses the importance of management and operation for organisational growth, highlighting the key roles of leaders and managers in achieving objectives. It also discusses various management and leadership theories and approaches that are helpful for organisations to achieve their targets on time. The report further explains how managers perform key operational functions to ensure goal fulfillment and protect businesses from external negative impacts.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. Management structure of Tesco plc...................................................................................1
2. Definition and roles of both managers and leaders, highlighting the differences between
management and leadership...................................................................................................2
3. Different roles of management and leadership in application to different organisational
situations, supported by theories and concepts.......................................................................4
4. Strength and weaknesses of different approaches..............................................................4
5. Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organisation and
recommendation for future improvements.............................................................................5
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................6
1. Introduction to the key operations of the chosen organisation...........................................6
2. Key operational functions, identifying the roles and responsibilities of managers ...........7
P 4 & P5 covered in Ppt.......................................................................................................16
P6 Covered in Booklet..........................................................................................................16
6. Conclusions and supported recommendations for future improvements to be taken by the
organisation..........................................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations are the essential function of any organization which helps in
providing resources to create highest level of efficiency and accomplish desired goals and
objectives. It will provide help regarding to performance of employees as well as their roles and
responsibilities in effective way (Bamford, Karjalainen and Jenavs, 2012) ). In this report
selected company is Tesco plc, which is largest retailer and trading in multinational groceries
and general merchandise retailer. In this report consist of management structure of Tesco, roles
of managers and leaders, difference between leadership and management. There is analysing of
different roles of management and approach of leadership, how managers and leaders impact on
organisation regrading to future improvements. In addition, analysis of key operation of Tesco
and their function, roles and responsibilities of managers has been carried out. Under Key
operational approach, impact of external business environment, operation efficiencies in the
reference of management and leadership approaches have been covered.
TASK 1
1. Management structure of Tesco plc
Tesco plc is a multinational retailer dealing with grocery and general merchandise seller.
It is England's largest retailer in the terms of revenues. With physical stores it is extended across
11 countries and it seems to be one of the most diversified brands in international market. Tesco
will follow a specific hierarchical management system that has ensured its smooth functioning
and efficiency till the base root level (Management structure of Tesco. 2016).
Tesco management structure – Tesco follows a tall hierarchical structure where all
functions specifically divided in a linked chain of commands and the majority of power rests
with the extreme level. Although, traditional in nature, this type of structure helps in establishing
defined roles for every one there by creating no chaos and confusion. It also follows a structure
of functional establishment as opposed to a geographical one followed by most of the other
multinational retail stores (Beske and Seuring, 2014) .
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Illustration 1: Management structure of Tesco, 2016
(Source: Management structure of Tesco, 2016)
2. Definition and roles of both managers and leaders, highlighting the differences between
management and leadership
A manager and a leader are important person for any organisation for the success and
growth and both are helpful to manage the company in effective manner to achieve goals of
Tesco plc.
Manager - A manager is a person who is accountable for supervising and motivating
employees in an organisation. Manager performs their functions with the help of effective
managerial techniques. A manger is responsible for a part or a department in an organisation.
They perform various duties which include managing employees and evaluating day-to-day
function of business organisation.
Role of manager -
1. To sort out issues of group members for present necessity of a company.
2. There is guide and support to staff members for their work in order to achieve particular
goals and objective of a company.
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Characteristics of Manager -
1. A manager always plays their role in different situation and manage all business activities
in effective manner.
2. They have positive attitude and focus for the approach in order to good result.
Leader – A leader is a person who have the capability to determinant a group of people,
manage their team, control and encourage them to accomplish desired goals and objectives. It is
the responsibility of leader to develop rules and guidelines for their team according to tasks and
influence to team members (Brandenburg and Rebs, 2015)
Role of leader -
1. To motive and encourage team members for new task and create rules and guidelines
according to their responsibilities.
2. A leader is a person who is responsible for maintaining effective communicative
relationship between employees.
3. Leaders in Tesco's possess inter-personal and soft skills which benefits them to provide
effective training to their employees as per company requirements.
Characteristics of leader -
1. Leaders have positive approach of leadership skills with help of that they handle all kind
of situations and motivates workers to work in an effective way.
2. Leaders in Tesco's possess effective communication skill which benefits them to deliver
proper information or company vision to employees of company.
Difference between management and leadership -
Basis Management Leadership
Meaning They comprises of controlling and
directing group of people or entities
Ability of an individual to influence
and motivate others.
Approach to tasks Tends to solve problems and be
rational. They focus on structures,
goals and availability of resources.
They are mercurial with enhanced
charisma. They takes risk and have
high level of imagination.
Strategy A Manager can apply Reactive
strategy for business activities.
A leader can apply Proactive strategy
on business stage.
Formulation Policies and procedures Principles and guidelines
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3. Different roles of management and leadership in application to different organisational
situations, supported by theories and concepts
For the success of an organisation management and leadership are essential and they are
effect to growth of a company with the help of operational activities. They manage and control
all business activities in effective manner and target to set objectives.
Contingency theory –Tesco plc are conducting several activities which are related to
daily routine performance. For example – Malfunction at a billing counter of tesco store so it will
create problem and people will get irritating that time a manager manage all activities and
provide other suggestion regarding to billing problem (Cook and Billig, 2017) . In this case
leader guide to all employees in effective manner and motivate them for complete billing
process.
System theory - This theory modifies the management in a company for develop the
conditions and make organisational strategy for potential activities. As an example – The
manager of Tesco set quality for every product in their super market and they are selling out
quality products. So in this case the manager can contact to brand product dealer for super
market and a leader guide to all employees to maintain quality of products.
Situational theory – In this theory refers to that style of leadership can change according
to situation of a company. For example – In festive season company provide their products on
discount but due to strike stock can not reach so at the time a manager tries to contact local
supplier to arrange extra material and a leader set roles of every employee and manage and
control their activities.
4. Strength and weaknesses of different approaches
There are mentioned different approaches which can follow by Tesco plc to fulfil their
requirement and achieve their objectives.
Strength of contingent approach – It provides help to manager and leader to take right
decision which are related to different contingencies and it does not affect to work place.
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Weakness of Contingent approach – The weakness of this approach is that in
contingent situation it's not easy for the manager and leader to make plans and policies. So it will
affect to decision making process.
Strength of systematic approach – According to this system, work can be done in
proper manner which is based on organisation policies.
Weakness of systematic approach – Due to complex system the workers cannot
perform their roles according to their responsibilities or take much time to fulfil their tasks as
they have to go through a particular system. As a result, it becomes difficult for the enterprise to
achieve the targets in the set time period. (Fredendall and Hill, 2016).
Strength of situational approach – This approach provide help to management and
leaders to handle any situation and issues in effective way and it will help to take suitable
decision which support to situation.
Weakness of situational approach – Due to lack of management effective decision can
not taken as per the need of situation.
Conclusion – If Tesco plc have followed the leadership theories and approaches so it will
provide help to make effective decision regarding to company. These approaches are helpful to
handle complex situation and activities to target objectives as per the requirement.
5. Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organisation and
recommendation for future improvements
It is concluded that a leader and manager both play their duties and responsibilities in
company in different situation. As a result, they can achieve their desired goals and objectives to
make future growth and improvements. A manager can play their role to manage and control all
business and operational activities at work their place. The leaders of a company encourage and
motivate to all employees in respect to achieve success and objectives of company. So for the
success of a company both of them contribute their part at each level of business.
Recommendation for future improvements
 Organisation can provide training to all employees for different situations and improve
their skills and knowledge regarding to typical situation.
 There is need to reduce cost to maximize the profit and it will emphasis to manufacture
the products according to customer taste and preference.
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 A leader has taken classes to their employees for encourage them and give training to
handle risks in effective manner (Graham and Potter, 2015). There is set rules regulations
and policies for task and it will help to achieve objective.
 Monitor activities of all employees in order to manage business activities and control
them.

Illustration 2: Management structure of Tesco, 2016
(Source: Management structure of Tesco, 2016)
TASK 2
1. Introduction to the key operations of the chosen organisation
Tesco is a British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer which was
incorporated in United Kingdom. It also provide retail banking and insurance services. It is doing
its business in Ireland, Malaysia, Slovakia and UK. It focuses to provide quality product to the
consumers so that it can gain competitiveness in the market. Essential key operations of the
referred to enterprise are describe below:
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Logistics and supply chain management : The manager of Tesco is responsible to
manage logistic and supply chain so that goods can be deliver in the stipulated time duration
without any delay.
Material handling : The store manager of Tesco responsible to handle the material which
involves movement, protection, storage and control of material & products throughout the
warehousing, distribution and consumption. So that operations of business can conduct
effectively.
Finance and accounting : The finance manager ensure that finance and accounting work
is effectively perform and it give true and fair information about the financial position of Tesco.
It is helpful to take important decision regarding growth and investment.
2. Key operational functions, identifying the roles and responsibilities of managers
In the organisation manager has to perform different roles which are associated to the
operational functions and it has different responsibility which provide help to Tesco to
accomplish its objectives.
Production : This is the key operational function of organisation and manager is
responsible to analyse the need of consumers so that food can be prepare according to that
demand. The role of manager is to make sure that production is done as per the requirement of
Tesco which is helpful to achieve the targets.
Marketing : In the success of organisation marketing functions plays an important role.
The role of marketing manager is to emphasise that marketing team is performing as per the
requirement of corporation. The responsibility of manager is to ensure that marketing function
must contribute to the growth of Tesco (Qin and Nembhard, 2015).
Distribution: This operational function is helpful to the product distribution to the
customers. The manager of Tesco is responsible to ensure that logistic team is performing its
roles efficiently and delivering the products according to the desire of consumers.
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P 4 & P5 covered in Ppt
P6 Covered in Booklet
6. Conclusions and supported recommendations for future improvements to be taken by the
organisation
In the conclusion it can be said that to the growth and success of company management
operations plays a vital role. The manager of Tesco is responsible to follow the key operational
functions which help the corporation to achieve its targets. The leaders and managers can take
effective decisions so that business does affect through external business environment.
Management and leadership approaches can be used to meet the business objectives.
Future recommendations:
 To enhance the quality TQM approach can be used by the management so that quality
products can be produce.
 To increase the efficiency and productivity training should be given to the workers so that
their skills can be improve.
 Management of Tesco makes plans and policies as per the requirement so that targets and
goal can be accomplished smoothly.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that management and operation is helpful
for the organisation to achieve its objectives. Leader and manager performed various roles which
is beneficial for the growth of company. Management and leadership theories and Approaches
are helpful for the organisation to achieve its targets as per stipulated time period. The manager
is responsible to perform key operational functions so that goals can be fulfilled. By analysis of
external environment factors corporation can protect its business form the negative impact of it.
Recommendations are helpful to maximize the productivity.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
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in teaching operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production
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Beske, P. and Seuring, S., 2014. Putting sustainability into supply chain management. Supply
Chain Management: an international journal. 19(3). pp.322-331.
Brandenburg, M. and Rebs, T., 2015. Sustainable supply chain management: A modeling
perspective. Annals of Operations Research. 229(1). pp.213-252.
Cook, G. N. and Billig, B., 2017. Airline operations and management: a management textbook.
Routledge.
Fredendall, L. D. and Hill, E., 2016. Basics of supply chain management. CRC Press.
Graham, S. and Potter, A., 2015. Environmental operations management and its links with
proactivity and performance: A study of the UK food industry. International Journal of
Production Economics. 170. pp.146-159.
Qin, R. and Nembhard, D. A., 2015. Workforce agility in operations management. Surveys in
Operations Research and Management Science. 20(2). pp.55-69.
Rotaru, K., Churilov, L. and Flitman, A., 2014. Can critical realism enable a journey from
description to understanding in operations and supply chain management?. Supply
Chain Management: An International Journal. 19(2). pp.117-125.
Thaler, T., 2014. Developing partnership approaches for flood risk management: implementation
of inter-local co-operations in Austria. Water international. 39(7). pp.1018-1029.
Vasenev, A., Hartmann, T. and Doree, A. G., 2014. A distributed data collection and
management framework for tracking construction operations. Advanced engineering
informatics. 28(2). pp.127-137.
Vogl, G. W., Weiss, B. A. and Donmez, M. A., 2014. Standards for prognostics and health
management (PHM) techniques within manufacturing operations. National Institute of
Standards and Technology Gaithersburg United States.
Zhou, Z. and Huang, D., 2012, October. Efficient and secure data storage operations for mobile
cloud computing. In 2012 8th international conference on Network and service
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(pp. 37-45). IEEE.
Online
Management structure of Tesco. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.orgcharting.com/tesco-company-organisational-structure-chart-example/>
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