Management and Operations: Roles and Functions of Managers and Leaders

This document discusses the roles and functions of managers and leaders in the context of management and operations. It explores the definition and comparison of managers and leaders, as well as the application of different theories. The case study focuses on Crown Northampton, a shoe-making company. Topics covered include planning, organizing, leading, controlling, and the importance of change management.

Management
and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Definition and comparison of mangers and leaders .............................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2: The role for the leader, the functions for the manager apply for various situational
contexts:.......................................................................................................................................4
P3. Application of different theories............................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P4. Explaining operations management approaches and their roles that are played by
organisational managers and leaders...........................................................................................7
P5. Explaining importance along with value of operation management to determine goals of
organisations. ..............................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6: The factors for the business which impacts the management decisions for leaders,
managers:...................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management is the process for managing activities for the organisations which has
various functions which includes the planning, organising, analysing, managing, budgeting etc.
management is the activity which helps businesses for managing its resources for better
performance which helps for higher profitability for the businesses (Guo, Grushka-Cockayne a
(O’Byrne, Hollett and Campbell, 2020). Management helps for better performance for using
resources for better way which helps for higher profitability for the businesses. It manages
activities for the company which helps for accomplish its objectives. Managers are the who
manages the activities for the company which it helps for higher profitability for the businesses.
The company which is includes for this report is Crown Northampton. It is the shoes making
company, it was found for 1908, headquarter situated for UK. This report includes topics which
are role, characteristics for leaders, managers, functions for leaders, managers, the appreciation
for the role leaders, managers makes for the functions for the company. Apart from this it
includes topics which are the relationship for leadership, management for the contemporary
business environment.
TASK 1
P1. Definition and comparison of mangers and leaders
Leader: A person who has ability to influence others behaviour in order to achieve
organizational goal is said to a leader (Jayan and Shawkat, 2020). The person generally inspires
and encourage his subordinates to achieve objective of organization. In Crown Northampton,
leader assist in increase the efficiency of the organization. They also motivate employees and
provide guidance to them in the direction of success of organizations. They create confidence
among the employees and communicate with them in order to solve their problem. Leader create
effective working environment which contribute towards the growth and development.
Manager: Manager is the person who is responsible for the administration of people and
activity with the organization (Whitelock, 2019). Manager is generally accountable for getting
things done form others. They allocate the resources in the organization in order to minimize the
wastage in the organization and reduce the cost of the operation. Manager perform functions like
planning, organising, directing and controlling of business activities. Manager plays important
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role in the Crown Northampton in managing their day to day operations and activities. They
coordinate the efforts of their employees to achieve the objective of the company.
Difference Between Leader and Manager:
Basis Leader Manager
Role The following are the role of the
leader in Crown Northampton:
 Motivate employees:
Motivating employees means
stimulating people to
accomplish the organizational
goals. Leader identify the
needs and wants of employee
in order to fulfil them by
attaining organizational goals.
Leaders in Crown
Northampton motivate their
employees by provide
emotional, mental and
financial support.
 Setting clear Vision: Leader
set clear vision in minds of
their subordinates so they
could understand future
position of the organization.
Leader in Crown Northampton
shape the efforts of the
employee under common
vision of the company.
 Provide Guidance: A leader
provide guidance to its
subordinates. Leader in Crown
Role of manager in Crown
Northampton are as follows:
 Liaising: Manager deal
with many employees but
they have to answer their
seniors or bosses. They
need to provide important
information information to
their seniors or sometimes
need to consult before
taking decisions. Manager
in Crown Northampton
provide every necessary
information to their seniors
and also consult them
while taking every
important steps.
 Disturbance Handler:
Manager play the role of
disturbance handler in
order to make peace and
smooth functioning at work
place. In Crown
Northampton, manager
handle disturbance and
make peace to achieve
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Northampton helps employees
by clear their role in the
organization and also provide
guidance to them in order to
understand the work.
organizational goal.
 Decision Maker: Manager
need to make decision
while doing work. While
taking decision, manager
play different role like
entrepreneur role, resource
allocator and disturbance
allocator role. In Crown
Northampton manager take
decision related to different
activity in order of smooth
functioning of
organization.
Characteristics The characteristics of leader are as
follows:
 Ability to Delegate: A leader
know how to delegate his team
effectively. Delegation is
getting best performance and
productivity from the team. It
is important to get delegation
of team in order to get best out
of them.
 Communication: A leader
have to be a good
communicator as well as
listener. They need to know
how to how to get your work
done. They are polite and
know the choice of words.
The characteristics of manager are
as follows:
 Build work culture with
trust: There should be
mutual trust between
manager and employees.
Manager of Crown
Northampton provide a
work culture in which they
feel comfortable to talk
with manager about
mistakes.
 Time Management: A
manager must know about
time management. They
need to be on time as
employees learn things
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 Influence: Influence is having
impact on someone's
behaviour. Good leader have
capability to impact on others
behaviour by logical and
emotional appeal.
from them and they also
need to know when to
make time to communicate
with his team to get best
results.
 Handling Things:
Manager must know how
to handle people, conflicts
and situations. They should
have capability to resolve
things and get best result
out of it.
TASK 2
P2: The role for the leader, the functions for the manager apply for various situational contexts:
The managers has various functions for their activities which helps company's for
accomplish its goals. Managers manages activities for the company's for their better
performance. The managers has various functions which includes planning, organising, leading,
controlling. In context to Crown Northampton, the company's managers has various techniques
which they are use for managing activities for the company these functions which are planning,
organising, leading, controlling for better performance which helps for higher profitability for the
businesses.
Planning: It is the process for making map for the activities which helps managers for
accomplish company's goals (Whitelock, 2019). It involves the allocation for employee resources
for better performance for the company. Planning is about map for the activities which helps for
taking actions for the activities which helps managers for better performance. These activities
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which they performs for their tasks they makes plans for those for better performance which
helps for higher profitability for the businesses. In context to Crown Northampton, the managers
for the company makes plans for the better use for their resources which helps for higher
profitability for the businesses.
Organising: Managers company's skills which helps for ensure the company for its
processes for know which employees for their activities. It is about giving activities for the
employees which it needs for accomplish (Jayan and Shawkat, 2020). The managers are who
gives the works for employees for their interest. In context to Crown Northampton, the
company's managers has power for giving works for employees for their interest areas which
helps company for better performance which helps for higher profitability for the businesses.
Leading: Managers works for leading their teams for activities which they runs for the
company. They are leads the teams for their better performance which helps them for better
performance for the recognise the employees needs for motivating them for better performance.
In context to Crown Northampton, the company's managers knows the needs for their
employees which helps for better performance which helps for higher profitability for the
businesses.
Controlling: It is about views the various functions which are planning, organising,
leading which are works for the company's success (Jayan and Shawkat, 2020). Managers should
views the performance for the employees which helps for better performance which helps for
higher profitability for the businesses. In context to Crown Northampton, the company's
managers views the performance for its employees for the better performance which helps for
higher profitability for the businesses.
Initiating Action: Leaders who are initiates for company's activities making plans for
these which helps them for leading teammates for their better performance for motivating them
which helps for better performance which helps for higher profitability for the businesses.
Motivation: Leaders motivates employees for their better activities which they performs
which helps these for better performance which helps for higher profitability for the businesses
(Abbas and Sağsan, 2019).
Situations for company, for context for leaders, managers:
Changing location: It is about when the company changes its location for its profitability
. It has manages activities for its performance which are for leaders, managers. Managers are
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those who are managing activities for better performance which helps for higher profitability for
the businesses. In context to Crown Northampton, the company changes its location for its store.
Managers manages activities for planning, organising, analyses, budgeting activities for
company's location. Leaders motivates employees for better performance for higher profitability
for the businesses.
Change management: Company's when views for changing its rules leaders, managers
takes various activities for better works. Managers planning for the activities which are for
change the rules for the employees. These are works for managing the rules for the employees.
Leaders works for motivating employees for taking rules for their activities which they are
performing which helps for better performance which helps for higher profitability for the
businesses.
P3. Application of different theories
Organisations adopt various types of theories along with models for managing
circumstances that are not known to them. In Crown Northampton context there are different
theories that are used to pull off situations such as conflict among employees or may be change
in location of stores:
Situational leadership theory: This theory state that best leaders are those who can
adapt their styles based on changing situations . Their way of responding can be coaching,
commanding, persuading, participating, delegating or whichever they think is essential. In short
this theory says situational leaders are define by their flexibility. In Crown Northampton
relevance, this theory has helped them to decide new location of there store. With situational
leadership theory authorities can easily analyse current situation of that location and to operate
accordingly to complete manufacturing on time .
Strength- Implementation of this theory is beneficial to pre determine uncertainness,
fighting ambiguity, and increase awareness about current situation to improve their working
accordingly.
Weakness- Situational theory focuses on superiors which ignore working conditions and
it is not effective for task environment.
System leadership theory: According to this theory, every activity requires correct
techniques and tools in order to accomplish desired goals (Jayan and Shawkat, 2020). It
mentions inter relations and inter dependencies between various departments of entities. It also
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assist to generate historic view for dealing any type of situation and complexities related to them.
Managers of Crown Northampton with the help of this theory can solve any frictions at their
work place. They can create environment where employees work efficiently and maintain
coordination among them.
Strength- System theory increases adaptability power of entities in order to work in
changing environmental conditions. Crown Northampton leaders with the use of this theory can
analyse whole working structure and adapt to situations easily.
Weakness- Theory of system does not cater to a specific function of organisation or
contingencies. This might lead to delay in work and decision making by leaders of Crown
Northampton.
Contingency theory- Contingency theories are set of behavioural theories which states
that there is no specific way or best method to organise and track an entity functioning (Gupta,
Altay and Luo, 2019). Instead of this, leaders who are appointed should have decision making
power on situations and conditions. Crown Northampton leaders have to play attention to both
external as well as internal elements of business for making decisions based on contingency
theory. Leader can apply this theory to attain maximum output from the prevailing situations.
Strength- Leaders of Crown Northampton can understand planning, leadership,
coordination and control according to situation and can apply any tool accordingly. Leaders get
exposure and understand what to apply and when to apply.
Weakness- Theory of contingency is unstable in nature and critical approach as it nearly
advise that what leaders can or must do in specific situation.
In context to Crown Northampton, leaders should go for situational theory as it provide
full right to them to modify and adapt to the changing situations. They can choose style and can
meet the desired results effectively.
TASK 3
P4. Explaining operations management approaches and their roles that are played by
organisational managers and leaders
The concept of operations management describes the direction of enterprise to produce a
highest level of efficiency in the organisation. Some functions execute by the operations manager
which include supply chain, design of the product, quality control etc. In an organisation,
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operations management involved converting materials and labour into goods and services to
maximize the profit of the entity. It can develop, acquire and delivering the commodity to clients
based on consumer needs and knowledge of the entity. Approaches related to operations
management that defines leaders and managers plays a various role in context of Crown
Northampton:
Six Sigma: The concept of six sigma provides the instrument to improve the quality of
procedure by reducing cost and saving time (Ma, Shi and Li, 2019).. According to the Crown
Northampton, to improve the potentiality of business this will gain firm's performance and
reduce in operation fluctuation that helps to betterment of profits, employee morale, best quality
of services. Managers play a significant role in the six sigma that they must create and adoptive
environment for employee prosperity. Leaders play a vital role in six sigma is to provide vision,
inspire and motivate and the main thing is to actual time management.
Lean Production: With concept of Lean Production, it determines and focus on
minimizing waste while check quality and maximize the productivity . It is all about reduction of
waste but labour and time waste create some activity and it aims to decreased costs by entity
more efficiently and effectively to the market. According to the Crown Northampton, main aim
to realise and gain the value of commodity for customers whose position and habits finally
prescribe lean organization. Managers play a vital role in lean production is to understand their
process that they have already done and its time to modify and utilise a entire production.
Leaders play a important role in the enterprise is to learn those practices and check people that
they have already resources to do their regular work.
Total Quality Management: The concept of total quality management defines the long
term prosperity through customer satisfaction. It is a constant effort by management as well as
worker of a specific firm to check the customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. According to
the Crown Northampton, to check the each and every employee in the entity is working towards
the transformation of work culture, their procedures, services and so on for long term prosperity.
Managers play a significant role is to act as a supporter at workplace and it is duty to assist the
employees in utilize total quality management. Manager can communicate quality of
performance to all members in the entity. Leaders also play a vital role in this, they provide
integrity of function where worker have become wholly participating in achieve firms goals and
objectives.
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P5. Explaining importance along with value of operation management to determine goals of
organisations.
Operations management are procedures through which plan, supervision and control of
production and manufacturing are to be done (Ma, Shi and Li, 2019). It helps in effective
management, control and supervise goods, people and service. It is a process of organizing,
planning and supervising business operations for better productivity. Its goal is to cut down the
cost of business to avoid wastage of resources. Managers of Crown Northampton can easily
identify their profit margin, sales and customers response or interest in their products. Following
are important values to pull off operations in Crown Northampton -
Inventory and Logistics management- Management of inventory plays very crucial role
for companies to meet demand of their product (Guo, Grushka-Cockayne and De Reyck, 2020) .
Entities should use computerised methods to maintain inventory level and to attain accuracy
level. In order to serve sufficient amount of product to customers, Crown Northampton
implemented computerises technique to manage its stock level. These tools help it to improve
quality and created a balance between customers demand and product supply. They have pre
plan their raw materials requirement, location and sufficient space in their warehouses.
Process Design- Pre planning is an important part to accomplish goals. Design of every
process should be done in easy and simple manner. In this context Crown Northampton they
have design simple structure so that every employee in the organisation have a clear idea what he
has to do and to whom he is accountable. Working in this way they can make sufficient use of
their resources and this will help them to save time in the process of production.
Capacity Management- Ratio of input to output defines productivity and ensure
employees input. Operations management implies proper staffing of employees to resources
available to generate maximum result. Managers of Crown Northampton offers directions and
accountable for plans. They have hire quality resources in order to meet their customer demands
and this help them to built strong brand image and loyal customers.
Distribution and Control Systems- Control and distribution system plays a vital role in
order to supply sufficient amount of goods and services to customers. Effective system helps
organisations to achieve their goals according to their plans (Wang and Du, 2019). Crown
Northampton managers pays attention to this system in order to supply their products to potential
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buyers. They have a strong supply chain to do so. Proper distribution helps them to cut down
their extra cost ant to have more profit.
From the above description it can be analyse Crown Northampton gives importance to
operations management which act as guideline for them in achieving profit, increase in sale and
building brand image among its potential buyers.
TASK 4
P6: The factors for the business which impacts the management decisions for leaders, managers:
Business environment implies internal and external which not in range of companies. In
context to Crown Northampton these factors are discussed below-
Corporate Social Responsibility: The concept of social responsibility defines
organisation set some standards like ethical, social and environmental. It is all about how entity
manage the enterprise processes to make an total positive impact on society. Corporate Social
Responsibility reflects right behaviour towards society and firms integrate social and
environmental involvement in business transactions (Sheena, A. D., 2019). It is a responsibility
towards society for impact their activities which includes responsibility towards customers,
employees, investors, communities and environment in all prospect. This concept convey a wide
variety of rivalrous advantages such as gained sales and profits, improved the quality of the
product, efficiently and effectively human resource, loyalty, taking a best decision making as
well as risk management also. In context to Crown Northampton, this factor impacts the
performance for the business for managers, leaders decision making for their works.
Culture: This concept describes the person's way of living or style of doing things and
reflects some standards that how people act normally and interact with others (O’Byrne, Hollett
and Campbell, 2020). Culture changes over a period of time because every organisation has its
own culture. Culture impacts the decision making for the leaders, managers for their
performance for company's better performance which helps company for better performance
which helps for higher profitability for the businesses.
Values: Values represents the law and standards that helps to make a better opinion of
what is essential or what is not (Starikov, 2019). It is related with person to person and value of a
person determines the family background, their values and culture. The values for the company
impacts the decision making for the leaders, managers for their works for their performance for
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activities for company which helps for better performance which helps for higher profitability for
the businesses.
Ethics: In this, Ethics can be reflected to system of moral values related to person's
behaviour. It determines what is right or what is wrong in the organisation. It impacts the
decision making for leaders which helps for better performance which helps for higher
profitability for the business.
Sustainability: In this, sustainability describes gathering our own needs without flexible
quality of future generations to meet their needs (Whitelock, 2019). This impact the decision
making for leaders, managers which helps for better performance for them which helps for
higher profitability for the businesses.
It views these factors are makes impacts for the decision making for leaders, managers
for those activities which they are performs. These factors helps leaders, managers for
motivating for better performance which helps for higher profitability for the businesses.
CONCLUSION
From the above in formation we can conclude operation are decisions and actions that are
made by member of businesses regarding distribution, production,service, management etc. They
are require by companies to utilise their resources effectively. Operation and management
means tools, techniques, equipments that are require to manufacture and in production in order
trio utilise available resource to their maximum capacity. Managers and leaders are central
people who perform different roles to achieve desired goals by ensuring completion of work,
management of staff, customer satisfaction and form strategies to overcome competitors.
Operation management approaches are used to reduce wastage, save manufacturing time ad
make sure that products are formed without any defect. Factors like competition, ethics of
business and innovation in technology are included in business environment. All the factors of
business environment impact operations, decisions and management of company.
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