This report analyzes the operations and journey of Tata Group, a multinational conglomerate organization, focusing on leadership activities, organizational structure changes, and corporate social responsibility initiatives.
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Running head: MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION Name of the Student Name of the University Author Note
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1MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION Table of Contents Introduction....................................................................................................................2 Discussion related to the case study...............................................................................2 Answer to Question 1.....................................................................................................2 Answer to Question 2.....................................................................................................4 Answer to Question 3.....................................................................................................5 Answer to Question 4.....................................................................................................6 Conclusion......................................................................................................................7 References......................................................................................................................8
2MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION Introduction Tata Group is a multinational conglomerate holding organization of Indian origin which has its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The organization was established in the year 1868 by Jamsetji Tata and had started gaining international levels of recognition after it started acquiring the global companies. Tata Group has been able to develop its position as one of the largest conglomerate organizations in India (Tata.com 2019). Tata Group is mainly owned by Tata Sons and the different organizations operate in an independent manner under the supervision of board that consists of the shareholders and directors. The significant Tata companies and the subsidiaries that operate under the brand of Tata Group include, Tata Motors, Tata Steel, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Advanced SystemsLimited,TataChemicals,TataCoffee,TataTeleservices,Voltas,Tata Communications and Tata Chemicals (Tata.com 2019). The report will be based on the analysis of the case study that is based on operations and journey of Tata Group over the years. The leadership based activities performed by the CEOs and the changes that have taken place in the organizational structure with respect to the external environment. The corporate social responsibility based activities that have been performed by the organization over the years will also be analysed in the report in detail. Discussion related to the case study Answer to Question 1 Tata Sons was founded in the year 1868 when India was under the rule of British. India had lost the share that it had in world economy. The economic share of the country was 24.4% in 1700s that had reduced to around 4.2% in 1950 after Indian independence. The effectiveness of the Indian business environment had reduced and the country failed to attract
3MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION investments as well. After the death of the founder of Tata Group, Sir Jamsetji Tata in 1904, the organization and operations were managed by his son Dorabji Tata (Tata.com 2019). The Iron and Steel based business of the organization was established along with the development of first hydro plant in the country. The most significant changes that have taken place in operations of the organization from year of Indian independence in 1947. The diversification of operations of the business in various industries had also taken place resulting the increase in profitability levels of the organization (Tata.com 2019). Tata Group had started developing different types of products that are a part of different ranges that include, detergents, power and steel, cooking oil (Anderson and Sun 2017). The expansion based operations of Tata Group had reached the aviation industry and Tata Airlines was established. Tata Group was able to start its expansion based operations in different industries with the help of effective mergers and acquisitions in different countries. Many turns had taken place in the operations of Tata Group during this period after the independence of India(Robbins et al. 2018). The major parts of the activities of Tata Group during this period included, productivity, competition, growth, innovation, globalization and diversification (Ansoff et al. 2018). Tata Group had started its expansion and globalisation based operations under the effective guidance of Ratan Tata who had managed the organization after the retirement of his uncle. Expansion of Tata Group had started with a fast pace under the leadership of Ratan Tata and the vision that was set by him as well. The purchase of the British Tea brand named Tetley was made by the Tata Group in 2000. The deal had proved to one of the largest acquisitions that was made by the organization in the industry (Arnold et al. 2015). Tata Group also went on to purchase an Anglo-Dutch steel making organization named Corus Group PLC for around 11.9 Billion Dollars. Tata Group continued with its
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4MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION expansion based operations in the automobile based industry as well with the help of acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford Motor. Major changes which have been made in Tata Group’s operations are related to the increase in levels of international expansion(Robbins et al. 2018). International presence of Tata Group has increased in a huge manner in the last few years due to different acquisition and merger based operations that have been performed (Cashman 2017). The organization had started operating in India as a small trading based firm and later expanded its operations in many industries with the support that was provided by the merger and acquisition based activities. The structure of the organization however remained the same during so many years of its successful operations in different countries (Covin and Slevin 2017). Answer to Question 2 The process of management that had been initially implemented by Tata Group had gone through many changes in various areas of its operations in various industries. The business that had been started by Tata Group in the industry had an impact on the ways by which the economy of a nation can be developed effectively. The effective diversification of operations of the business had led to the growth of Tata Group in India and in different parts of the world as well (Grint, Jones and Holt 2016). The application of new and improved technologies had been a major concern of the organization in the development proper partnerships formed by Tata Group. The needs and demands of people have been provided with major levels of importance by Tata Group. The success that has been gained by Tata Group in the industry is also totally based on the support that is gained by the organization from employees and the other individuals in the industry (Heifetz and Linsky 2017).
5MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION The activities based on CSR that are a part of operations of Tata Group are not related to the Western Management based concept or narrow view of operations. The theories based on human resource management are implemented effectively by the Chairmen of Tata Group for the purpose of achieving different objectives and goals of the organization(Robbins et al. 2018). The process based on development of Tata Group has been highly human centred in nature and the organization has been successful in developing its position in the industry as well (Jaques 2017). The company has tried to maintain its position in the industry in such a manner that is able to support it’s the communities in which they operate and the fulfil the needs of employees as well (Laudon and Laudon 2016). Western management based CSR activities were related to the narrow view of operations. The narrow was mainly based on the aim of organizations to gain profits and in turn contribute to the economic development as well(Robbins et al. 2018). On the other hand, the broad view is based on the support that is provided to the communities and responsibility that they have towards their improvement as well. Broad view of management has been implementedby Tata Sons from the start of itsoperationsin the industry (Mendenhall et al. 2017). The core value set by the organization including, responsibility, unity, pioneering, integrity have gained high levels of importance in its operations. The initiatives that have been implemented by the organization for fulfilling the social responsibilities include, Tata Water Mission, Annapoorna Centralised Kitchen Project, Milk Fortification, Tata Medical Centre.Theorganizationhasalwaysservingthecommunitieswiththehelpofits implemented initiatives (Nawaz and Khan_ PhD 2016).
6MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION Answer to Question 3 Tata Group is currently focussing on achievement of effective levels of growth related to three major aspects that are, synergy, simplification and scale. N Chandrasekaran, the current CEO of Tata Group has mainly aimed at the formation of a drop-down structure in the organization for the purpose of improving the collaboration levels within the organization. The further strategizing and effective collaboration of the business operations was possible only with the help of effective organizational structure. The formation of a collaborative structure of management is related to the development of different verticals that include, consumer services, infrastructure and financial services as well (Noe et al. 2017). The team that had been developed by the Chairman mainly included people who had been hired from other areas except the company. The changes which have been made in organizational structure of Tata Group are mainly related to different types of issues that have been faced by under the management of Cyrus Mistry(Robbins et al. 2018). The strategy that had been developed in Tata Group is termed as the transformational strategy which helps in continuing the operations in various countries (Saleem 2015). The formation of strategy of Tata Group is mainly related to the ways by which the local Indian managers are deployed in different international locations. This is mainly related to the intensive levels of development of the management based process for the purpose of ensuring the formation of an effective leadership based team (Shamir and Eilam-Shamir 2018). Answer to Question 4 ThedevelopmentandfurtherexpansionofTataGrouparerelatedtothe diversificationrelatedactivitiesthatareperformedbyorganizations.Thesuccessive Chairmen of the organization and leaders have been influenced in a huge manner by high levels of diversification. The company had been established by Jamsetji Tata in 1868 and
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7MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION then was succeeded by other members of his family. The leadership style and process that has been followed by the Chairmen of Tata Group have been quite stable (Yahaya and Ebrahim 2016). The Chairmen of Tata Group have followed the democratic leadership style in order to include the employees in different organizational processes and decision making as well. The participative or democratic leadership style is considered to be a major factor that has enabled an organization like the Tata Group to maintain its successful operations in the industry (Nawaz and Khan_ PhD 2016). Leaders have treated the employees equally and have aimed at developing a fruitful relationship with them as well. Ethics and values are considered to be highly important by Tata Group in order to align them with the operations of the business in an effective manner (Robbins et al. 2018). Local managers and the employees in different international areas of the operations have been employed in order to develop maintain the stable leadership process and values in the organization (Laudon and Laudon 2016). Conclusion The report can be concluded by stating that Tata Group has been successful in maintaining its position in the industry with the help of effective levels of support that have been provided by the communities and the employees of the organization as well. The organization has maintained a stable leadership style in order to continue its successful operations in different industries and countries. The company has also maintained same style of its management in different countries by deploying the local managers in various areas.
8MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION References Anderson, M.H. and Sun, P.Y., 2017. Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need for a new ‘full‐range’theory.International Journal of Management Reviews,19(1), pp.76-96. Ansoff, H.I., Kipley, D., Lewis, A.O., Helm-Stevens, R. and Ansoff, R., 2018.Implanting strategic management. Springer. Arnold, K.A., Connelly, C.E., Walsh, M.M. and Martin Ginis, K.A., 2015. Leadership styles, emotion regulation, and burnout.Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,20(4), p.481. Cashman, K., 2017.Leadership from the inside out: Becoming a leader for life. Berrett- Koehler Publishers. Covin,J.G.andSlevin,D.P.,2017.Theentrepreneurialimperativesofstrategic leadership.Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset, pp.307-327. Grint, K., Jones, O.S. and Holt, C., 2016. What is Leadership.The Routledge Companion to Leadership, p.3. Heifetz, R. and Linsky, M., 2017.Leadership on the line, with a new preface: Staying alive through the dangers of change. Harvard Business Press. Jaques,E.,2017.Requisiteorganization:Atotalsystemforeffectivemanagerial organization and managerial leadership for the 21st century. Routledge. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Mendenhall, M.E., Osland, J., Bird, A., Oddou, G.R., Stevens, M.J., Maznevski, M. and Stahl, G.K. eds., 2017.Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge.
9MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION Nawaz, Z.A.K.D.A. and Khan_ PhD, I., 2016. Leadership theories and styles: A literature review.Leadership,16, pp.1-7. Noe,R.A.,Hollenbeck,J.R.,Gerhart,B.andWright,P.M.,2017.Humanresource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Robbins,H.I.,Coulter,D.,DeCenzo,A.O.andWoods,R.,2018.ManagementThe Essentials. Pearson. Saleem, H., 2015. The impact of leadership styles on job satisfaction and mediating role of perceived organizational politics.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,172, pp.563-569. Shamir, B. and Eilam-Shamir, G., 2018. “What’s your story?” A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development. InLeadership Now: Reflections on the Legacy of Boas Shamir(pp. 51-76). Emerald Publishing Limited. Tata.com2019.Tata group Homepage | Tata group. [online]Tata.com.Availableat: https://www.tata.com/ [Accessed 25 Apr. 2019]. Yahaya, R. and Ebrahim, F., 2016. Leadership styles and organizational commitment: literature review.Journal of Management Development,35(2), pp.190-216.