Management and Operations in Marks and Spencer Ltd.

This document discusses the management and operations strategies of Marks and Spencer Ltd., a global trade business. It explores various models and philosophies of management and leadership, such as behavioural leadership theory, classical theory of management, contingency theory of management, situational leadership, systems leadership, and more. The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches in the work environment are assessed, along with the importance of production efficiency, profit maximization, and customer satisfaction in the company. Study material and solved assignments related to this topic can be found at Desklib.

Management and
operations

Introduction
Operation management is the procedure connected to the manufacture and it is the
method of converting the raw materials into ultimate product in a self-same organized
means. The significance and helpfulness of operation management remain elsewhere
explanation to develop fruitful in the competitive corporate economy. The stretch operation
management mentions to the enlargement of the production through employing the efforts in
a well-organized and active technique. The procedure remains connected by the manufacture
organization of the precise through the assistance of knowhow and investment. The
description has remained equipped in framework of the character of managers and leaders in
the association which benefits the business in the development of the manufacture
competence and expansion of the first-class goods (Benedetti, M and et.al., 2017). The
statement is organized on the management and operation scheme of the Marks and Spencer
Ltd. which is an international trade business recognized in 1884 by Michael Marks and
Thomas Spencer dealing in garments, food, home products and financial services in London,
England UK by concentrating on leader and manager role. In report it has been discussed on
Various models and philosophies of management and leadership tactics. By converging on
the description till the finish status of operation management and numerous issues connecting
to management and operation can be comprehend after the viewpoint of the precise company
which delivers a vibrant impression around the management and operation purpose and their
usages in the company.
Leaders- They are the persons who receive the work finished from the personnel regarding
the company goals. The leaders play a significant part in encouraging the workers over their
guidance and communiqué ability and integral in them the visualization of the association.
They brand the workers work in a way to attain the aims. The main purpose of leaders is to
stimulus and motivate the workers in directive to their performance which as an outcome
upsurge the competence and efficiency in the company.
Manager: These are the individuals in an establishment who project and control the activities
of a company in the course of the pre-decided aims and targets of the concern. Intended for

the efficacious achievement of the aims, the job of the executives is to progress and begin the
pertinent approaches and strategies and to proposal the employed of the supervisor and the
workers by the intention that they achieve their particular responsibilities in agreement to the
aims. The managers dispersed on numerous levels in the organization in demand to succeed
the jobs in the dissimilar subdivisions. The managers are too apprehension by the evaluation
of the presentations of the workers and they achieve this job through executing the
accomplish assessment procedure at the consistent time intermissions (Chambers, D., 2019).
The roles of directors and the character of leaders brands the association work in the
anticipated course near the execution of the purposes of the company. There are numerous
purposes of administration with diverse qualities and style of guidance which assistance in
the correct operational in management functions. There are numerous philosophies of
management which oblique with the guidance ability brand the business produces its
processes. The working organization subdivision of M&S emphases on the management
theories and syndicate the hard work of leaders to decrease manufacturing cost.
 Behavioural leadership theory: This theory highpoints the leader’s behaviour and in
what way the skills are utilized in the best way. The behavioural method is the utmost
perilous device for gauging the capability of the leadership for a precise condition. The
behavioural style in this condition expressions to highpoint the actions of the member in
the Marks & Spencer. The productivity is increased and provides an outcome of
usefulness in the organisation.
 Classical theory of management: This philosophy encourages the specific job that
choices are disseminated between team associates & branches. The outdated method too
appearances at the convincing role management acts in classifying the business
viewpoints. The theory is applied by the manager carefully to improve the efficiency and
rises the effectiveness of the company. Participative leadership style is tracked by Marks
and Spencer to result creation and development of manufacture (Cheng, J.Y.J and et.al.,
2021).
 Contingency theory of management: The usage of this model in management is
grounded on the effectiveness that drive initiative the behaviour and the explanation of a
branch in the direction of a consequence. The prime purpose of eventuality organization
is founded on the applied methods castoff for the development of the company in an
effective means. The theory can be useful created on the conditions and possessions

obtainable in Marks & Spencer. Its emphases on variations in policy with the fluctuations
in circumstances.
 Situational Leadership: This model was developed by the Paul Hersey and Ken
Blanchard in 1970. The expansion of this model originated since the clue of directors
and company actuality able to adjust to diverse styles of leadership conferring to diverse
circumstances that would emergence inside a corporate. For marks & spencer situations
will arise inside the organisation that would fluctuate from period to period and remain
frequently out of control of administration. It delivers the required solutions to
company. It has two factors which mostly determine this model, the directive and
supportive behaviour of leadership. The advantage of this model is to safeguard that the
company can acclimate to numerous circumstances inside the corporate and to deliver
growth in the company by the decision making of managers and leaders (D’Agostini, M
and et.al., 2017).
 Systems leadership: Its summaries the supervision crosswise the company and the
geographical borders. The clue for this approach remains to safeguard those leaders
crosswise the panel not only appearance at their perception or the business nevertheless
to guise at the borders geographical expansion that would alteration to scheme and
planned procedure of the corporate. While smearing this style, the company must pursue
in the direction of employing a frontrunner who understands the longstanding image of
the organisation since all leader’s goal to safeguard that their policies and measures can
advance novel elevations and development for the marks & spencer.
 Contingency Approach: The theory was developed by scientist Fiedler’s in 1960 while
studying the characteristics and personality of leaders. It is an ambitious knowledge that
the finest conceivable sequence of deed will hinge on the internal and external factors
that disturb the corporate and in what way a frontrunner will employ their choices inside
this condition. Formerly smearing this style, the corporate consumes to scrutinize the
encounters which have risen inside the business to confirm that the utmost appropriate
leadership style is selected to make it is beneficial in this condition. The consequence of

this total explanation will be that the corporate drive be able to advantage after the
upsurge in operative’s efficiency, the expansion of their work culture and a wisdom of
inspiration for their personnel (De Guimarães, J.C.F and et.al., 2019).
 Chaos Theory: This theory derives hooked on deed at specific opinions of period inside
the marketplace, this model is mostly associated to the marketplace once it is
experiencing expansion, i.e., a slowdown in the worldwide economy or a alteration in
the request from clients. It is organization’s opinion of sight, to safeguard that the
company is accomplished of familiarizing to these fluctuations to evade a damage to the
corporate. The two benefits that a company can advantage after once smearing this
philosophy is that administration drive understand a further effective and operative
expansion of the flexibility services of their personnel. The consequence of this route is
that there will be suitable comfort in the method that workers respond to the precise
state.
 Management by objectives: It is a model which goals to progress the performance and
efficiency of the corporate by describing pardon the targets remain for the
establishment, to safeguard that these purposes are decided upon and these aims are
attainable by together gatherings. By smearing this model, organization is able to
confirm that the responsibilities and purposes are customary drive consume a additional
systematic procedure to them. Worker’s resolve be completely guaranteed of their
characters and everyday jobs though achieving these goals. This route might be
understood as a optimistic method to assume for slightly company, as this will
advantage the member in actuality able to struct attentive all over the procedure which
will ensure development for the marks & spencer (Fosso Wamba, S and et.al., 2017).
M2: Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the
work environment.
The strength of several approaches and leadership were improving the business
growth by enhancing the awareness in the employees and delivers flexibility in the working
environment. The targets are set and helps in achieving in efficient manner the goals and
objectives. It also encourages the communication and motivation in the employees to build
confidence. The weakness of the different approaches was there is lack of experience leads to
deficiency in the understanding the environment by the employees. The system style is
lengthy and complicated un different parameters. The company lacks the modernization in

training and expansion with the motivation for the workers. The performance is decreased
due to the pressure of completing tasks. The productivity is decreased by taking the
advantage of free time available to employees.
 Total Quality Management: TQM is the procedure in which jobs and actions are
supervised in the anticipated means to safeguard that they are continued at a level which
will gratify the company. The necessity for TQM is too able to emphasis on the
development, the performance and the superiority of altogether the purposes that route
inside respectively subdivision and to safeguard that there is an equilibrium with
respectively procedure. The leader role is to make prolific procedure of the whole
personnel over the participation and to employ the dissimilar corporate responsibility. It
also objects to continue dedicated and elaborate in their subdivisions so that they can
deliver a proposal to provision the organisational. The process of performance and
measuring of each functioning stage is developed. The manager role is to guarantee the
organisation emphases on together the core and outside clients. It also Assuring that
dealer is preserved as corporate associates so that they might deliver a healthier facility to
the corporate and focuses on improving corporate production processes (Gill, A., 2017).
 Just-in-time inventory: This procedure is delineated in the strategy to upsurge the
efficiency in what way a firm can declining their lavish by agreeing possessions which
drive only require in production. Safeguarding that this procedure is in dwelling, permits
administration to remain able to provision the corporate in dropping their storing space
and only to understand properties that are wanted at a precise period. This procedure is
too definite by dropping the reserves in the corporate since by accepting goods once it is
not obligatory will only upsurge charge for the business. The role of the manager in just
time approach is to demand products at the accurate period and date from a recognized
dealer by ensuring the correct quantity and amount of order. It also maintains the healthy
relation with the suppliers. The role of leader is to make effective utilization of the goods
through the manufacture procedure. It also ensures that all workers are knowledgeable
regarding their characters and tasks formerly finishing a mission. It accomplishes checks
on all apparatus castoff in the procedure of manufacture (Kabashkin, I., 2019).

 Continuous improvement or Kaizen: The continuous development of the corporate
purpose is demarcated as the method inside the office where progresses are completed on
the complete part of the corporate. This procedure intention is to eradicate wastes from
the organisation’s scheme so that developments can be ended to the corporate procedures.
Sympathetic the Kaizen technique consultants can integrate this procedure hooked on
their total sigma exertions. Through smearing the Kaizen procedure in operations
management, the corporate is able to develop and breakdown the dissimilar barricades
inside branches. The manager role is to recognize the opportunity of dissimilar duties
inside the corporate. It ensures that employees are aware regarding the working of Kaizen
groups and success is measured of the company. The leader role is to identifying
particular task is assigned to the specific individuals and authorizes team benefits from
the procedure. It helps in assisting the supporters by any encounters and to safeguard that
work is deputized if necessity stay (Khan, A., 2017).
 Six Sigma: The six-sigma method is drawn as the technique which appearances at the
dissimilar purposes that drive allow the organisation to eliminate the flaws in produces
and provision procedures crosswise the corporate. Upon the claim of the six-sigma
method, the organisation will ultimately be talented to attain the extreme purchaser
gratification by separating flaws in the marketplace which will be able to safeguard that
they are a practical development inside the business to attain its goal line and objects. The
leader role is to make investment in six sigma through training & resources. It also
communicates the significance and project outlining of the six sigma. The manager role is
to save cost by setting goals and reviews of six sigma. It delivers the sustenance and
evaluations to workers; these consequences will be ultimately engaged to organization. It
screens the execution of the six-sigma method in the company (Kuhn, B.T., 2019).
Operational management is an actual critical topic for the corporate processes to
preserve appropriately. The significance and worth of the processes administration in
attaining to the corporate purposes are defined as tracks on the examination of the Marks and
Spencer Ltd.

 Production efficiency: It is the chief part of cost reducing for any business. Through the
correct price scheming marks and spencer can evade the huge estimation and safeguard
the manufacture competence of their produce (Kumar, A and et.al., 2019).
 Profit maximization: The foremost aim of any corporate is turnover enlargement and the
targets can be satisfied by supreme auctions to the clients with effectual operation
management. Marks and Spencer are essential to emphasis on their purchaser base and
growth the base with appealing proposals and elevations.
 Customers Satisfaction: Gratified and pleased clients make an entrepreneur pleased and
fruitful. This declaration shows that importance of victory deceits in the purchaser
fulfilment. So, the business necessity to deliver their clients with their request and pleased
them through their anticipated produce variabilities. This is likewise completed by the
suitable application of operation management (Pavlov, A and et.al., 2019).
 Management of Inventory: Operational administration safeguards the superlative usage
of stocks. Marks and Spencer usage total quality management (TQM) inventory policy
which protects possessions and safeguards operative manufacture of the clothing and their
marketing period.
 Capacity management: Wealth outlay is achieved by the operation management
correctly. Entirely the possessions and wealth operation complete appropriately in
numerous employed procedures. Operation management averts the expenditure of idle
wealth and confirms the security for forthcoming usage (Penhallegon, W.J and et.al.,
2018).
M3: Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational
management to successfully meet business objectives.
 Employees productively: Leaders permit their squad in manufacturing the uppermost
excellence of work by contribution suppleness to a worker’s employed atmosphere. This
technique has continuously been exposed to permit personnel to deliver the finest
probable work, over the liberty and further excellent aptitude in an imaginative
atmosphere. This technique assistances operational management, as workforces are
assumed the flexibility to work inside their favoured periods and preferred places.
 Improving collaboration- The manager follows the techniques to increase the
operations efficiency which helps in upsurging the interactions among respective
department and permits better bonding and understanding between employees. In the
outcome the healthier atmosphere is experienced by the employees to work freely and
assisting each other.

Here are some factors distressing the operation management and decision making of
managers and leaders of Marks and Spencer Ltd. which is deliberated are-
 International rivalry: It is a significant influence which is upsetting the Marks and
Spencer operation management and decision making. As an international vender they
consume so countless variabilities of fashion choices accessible for their individual
clients but further rivalries globally disturbing the purchaser base of the party. Deprived
of the online shop they requirement to emphasis on the Asian marketplace to clutch
more consumers and appeal them to participate worldwide (Wang, Y and et.al., 2020).
 Development of technology progression: Technology is an obligation intended for the
Marks and Spencer to brand industrial and dispensation of procedures informal and
expedient for the workers of the association. The knowledge development motivates the
company to aim novel market, consumer base and cluster of persons by their growth of
it. As an international vender Marks and Spencer essential to brand their technical
improvement choice actual prudently and to usage them in a self-same precise means to
brand the finest usage of it.
 Legal considerations: Marks and Spencer require to remain apprehension around their
lawful guidelines and principles in several sectors like taxation, export-import, VAT,
tariffs, and government policies. Slightly noncompliance can distress the corporate
undesirably and hinder the company situations. Consequently, the choice must be
occupied by the appropriate reflection of the existing lawful condition wherever
obligatory (Wilson, K.B and et.al., 2018).
M4: Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and wider
community.
The corporate is mainly prejudiced by the strategy’s customary by Corporate Social
Responsibility. These are accepted by the company to safeguard the development of the
organisation picture of the corporate and to encourage the company communally
accountability. The organisation culture helps in maintain the lifestyle of environment to
dimmish the negativity with the community. It promotes the working together to promote
the responsibility and improving the wellbeing of society. The corporate values create the

better understanding to promote the products to the possible consumers and makes sense of
responsibility for working in business environment.
Conclusion
This description appraises the presentation of operations management and in what
way this purpose acts an actuating character in the company since the begin of the
manufacture procedure to the circulation of the possessions/facilities. Leaders and
supervisors necessity safeguard that they track philosophies, spread has remained established
out by the company, to deliver that they are inspiring their subdivision/personnel to method
their job professionally which drive consequence in the development and expansion of the
corporate.

References
Books and Journals