Management and Operations - Roles of Leaders and Managers

This report discusses the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager in management and operations. It also explains the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play. The report includes a case study of Tesco plc, a British multinational retailer, and examines the relationship between leadership and management in contemporary business environments.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1) Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager........4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2) Examine the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts.......................................................................................................................................7
P3) Apply different theories and models of approach................................................................8
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
P4) Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play............................................................................................................................10
P5) Explain the importance and value of operations management...........................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P6) Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making............................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
The operations and management is a process that is based on the concern as with this the
transformation of different basic inputs as like raw materials into the furnished goods and
services. It is a procedure though which the accomplishment of various profitability and
performance is developed as it assist to covered largest market share and in this the working
potential also get developed. In this the company must have ensure that all the different
requirement and demand of customers must get satisfied in satisfactory manner. The prior
designing and advancement of various offered products and services is measured by which
continuous success is progressed with better sustainability. The following report is based on the
Tesco that is British multinational retailers of merchandiser and groceries and was established in
1919 by Jack Cohen and having headquartered Welwyn Hertfordshire, UK. The report includes
difference between role of leader and function of manager and its operations functions of an
organisation. In addition to this include the effective understanding of relationship in between
leadership and management in contemporary business environment.
TASK 1
P1) Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Leader: They are considered to be effective part of an organization that impacts working
and productivity of an organization and holds responsibility over behaviour of employees within
an organization. Further leaders makes motivation with encouragement of employees possible
through this goals and objectives set by an organization is achieve . Leaders has been using
various kinds of leadership style that has been making employees and employer deal with
various situation within an organization. In context of Tesco plc leaders of this organization
makes targets within limited time completed(Ahmad,, Hasan, Jayaraman, Salah and Omar,
2021).
Manager: They are those individuals that is having authority for managing various process
of business and making them completed in organized manner. Managers holds responsibility of
making management of organizational activities done in more affective manner. Manager has
been performing all kinds of responsibility which makes working operations function over
enhancing adequacy in organizational work. Managers of Tesco plc are required to perform their
duty by providing training and development through this development is done in faster manner.

Role of leaders
 Creative vision: Leaders are able to provide vision that has very effective role to play
within an organization through this an individual and team members develop oath making
success attained through objectives accomplished.. This leads over making sustainable
guidance developed which makes work completed in timely manner leading over
standardize changes measured in effective way. In context of Tesco plc, Leaders makes
designing of framework through planning it makes progress archived through completing
task in effective manner.(Ahmad,, Hasan, Jayaraman, Salah and Omar, 2021). .
 Coach potential: In this leaders develop potential that makes working capacity through
various abilities developed in relation to organization activities. Such potential makes
complex situation handled in more affective way which makes productive outcomes
attained in affective way. As per the leaders Tesco plc makes managers handle various
kinds of situation in positive manner making progress implemented in effective way.
Characteristics of Leader: -
 Charismatic: As per this leaders leads upon making attraction done with the help of
personality development and makes leaders become idol for others people working
within an organization. Through this vision and mission is delivered achieve its goals
and objectives.
 Effective Communicator: Leaders makes flexibility with influence done in more
effective manner through communication. This leads over conveying important
information to employees in organized manner. It has positive changes within the
business and a better level of solution is presented by reducing all the complexities from
the task and activities.
Roles of Manager: -
 Establishing Policies: The manager holds responsibility through formulating various
kinds of policies, roles and guidelines leads upon making organizations perspective
achieve in affective manner.

 Delegating Responsibilities: This is suitable through which managing of responsibility is
done over making tasks with effectiveness achieved within work. In this time limit over
process is been decided as per timeline of project and it provides employee term over
performance.
 Characteristics of Manager: -
 Time Management Skill: This is one of the most basic aspect making assistance
provided in more affective manner leading towards task completing done over particular
period of time.
 Effective Interpersonal Skills: The interpersonal skills are those skills which makes
communication , observation, presentation of soft skills with hard skills done in more
affective way.(Coban, Scaparra and O'Hanley, 2021).
Differentiation between Leader and Manager: -
Basis Leader Manager
Role Leaders have important role to play
within business which is based upon
motivation of employees and guiding
them in right direction . Such
motivation leads over achieving goals
and objectives with more efficiency
which makes profit ration enhanced.
Managers provide proper guidance
over various aspects related to
particular task making better
outcomes achieved for an
organization.
Characterist
ics
Leaders holds responsibility of making
communication better which creates
proper framework leading towards
making information circulated in
smooth and effective manner.
The manager leads towards
management of skills and time
through which task is been
completed as per time limit
provided.
Theories There are various leadership theories
like system theory, contingency theory
The theories of management like
behavioural theory, bureaucratic

etc. These theories makes various kinds
of objective of leadership achieved in
more effective and faster manner.
theory etc. Leads towards
improving management in more
appropriate manner.
TASK 2
P2) Examine the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts.
Business faces lot of challenges and conditions according to which operations and
functions is been performed in affective way. (Cusumano and Bures, 2021). This makes
managers and leaders work in all kinds of situations which are complex or easy in nature. In
other words it can be marked out that business has to face lot of difficulties in order to make
sustainability increased within it . Business is required to attain competitive edge which is
accomplished by using proper tools which makes business attain better position within particular
market. There are various roles and function required to be played by both manager and leaders
regarding different situation which has been explained as follows:
Situation 1: Crisis management
As per the situation management of an organization leads over making performance in
relation to standard increased that makes modification done over each step leading over task
accomplishment. Due to this stakeholders faces threats which has leads over profit decreased in
affective way. This makes organization like Tesco Plc promotes various roles of leaders and
function to be performed by manager. Further it has been explained as follows:
Role of leader
 As per the situation leaders requires to use leadership style which makes situations deal in
proper manner.
 Through this leaders makes information disclosed in proper manner with statics making
analysis of situation done in affective manner.

 This makes decision making mechanism improved through which better decisions is
been taken making issues solved in proper manner and conditions manage in affective
way
Functions of manager
 As per the above condition Tesco plc requires to provide adequate information through
preparing planing and schedule
 In this, effective communication is developed by which clear thoughts and ideas are
transmitted within the business.
 This analysis helps in managing various aspects through this managers is able to perform
management of situation in proper manner.
Situation 2: A new product launch
This situation makes Tesco plc launched new products and makes development of
strategies with policies that leads over attracting customers and increases fluency. Both leaders
and managers of Tesco plc utilizes skills with appropriate role and function which has been
explained as follows:
Role of leader
 In this situation leaders play important role by analysing changes taking place within
market place through developing clear vision of employees. (Gróf and Netland, 2021).
 Leaders of Tesco plc as per the situation should focus over pre and post launch of
products.
 The suitable decision making is done by which the appropriate investment is includes and
profitable outcome is attained within minimum amount of inputs.
Function of manager
 Managers has important role to play within the situation by making production capacity
increase that makes profit generation possible

 Manager of Tesco makes sure that skilled and talented workforce that leads over making
improvisation through which productivity is improved with the help of production
capacity.
 The manager also motivates the employee by providing them adequate appraisal and
rewards by which the level of connectivity is developed within employees in sufficient
manner
P3) Apply different theories and models of approach.
Business makes condition develop leading over changes taking place on continuous basis
through effective leadership and management making business development possible. Various
leadership approach used in relation to Tesco has been discussed as follows:
Situational leadership: This leadership style is mainly based over various kinds of
situation that is been faced by an organization regarding various aspects. Further this leadership
style impacts leaders by creating influence over them making path for employees as per working
situation. This is one of the most affective style of leadership that makes changes applied in
appropriate way through dealing with situation existing within an organization. This makes
leaders of Tesco plc manage all situation in affective manner,
Telling: As per this leadership style leaders requires to develop decisions which makes
communication possible leading towards task completion.
Selling: This makes idea sold over the process making task completed with more
effectiveness.
Delegating: This is been used by both leaders and team members which makes
participation done over strategy and planing through collective analysis.
Participating: As per this leadership style makes inspiration through motivation done
within the help of innovation boosting zeal of employees.(Hasle, Madsen and Hansen, 202).
Systems leadership: According to the theory leaders uses skills and capabilities which
makes team performance improved. It makes leaders of Tesco create values and manage work of
HR, marketing and finance.
Fiedler’s Contingency model: As per this effectiveness of leaders is based upon making
various situation considered that is based upon structure, employee relationship and leaders

power deal in affective manner. In this coordination is been formed by leaders within employer
and employees of Tesco Plc. Further has been discussed as follows:
Strength and weakness of various leadership theories
Leadershi
p style
Strengths Weakness
Situationa
l
leadership
 This makes complexity reduced and
situations solved with more
effectiveness.
 This is supportive in nature and makes
Tseco Plc provide suitable direction
which makes business effectiveness
increased in efficient manner.
 This doesn't makes positive impact formed
that leads over making goals and objectives
not to be achieved.
 Gathering information is difficult which
makes decision making affected drastically.
Systems
leadership
 Leadership style make individual
performance improved in more
affective way.
 Leaders provide direction as per the
nature of leadership style used by them.
 The process of decision making is long
making complexity increase within solving
particular conflict.
 Conditions at times becomes so complex in
nature which makes conflict no to be solved
in appropriate manner.

TASK 3
P4) Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play.
This makes business deal with complex situation within which operations over
management has been taking place leading towards managing activities affective way. This leads
over making positive and negative impact by leaders and manager created upon Tesco which has
been discussed as follows:
Six sigma: This is produced by making focus developed upon complexity reducing
production capacity which makes development done with consistency (Lund, Tveit and
Skjelstad, 2021). As per this various opportunities is been provided which makes loopholes
removed through making customer satisfaction achieved. The DMAIC is been covered within it
which has been explained as follows:
D-Defining of goals and problem
M-Measuring of different liable components
A- Analysis of data
I- Improvement of process, and
C- Controlling on working process
Lean principle: As per this various operations of management is focused upon reducing
wastage that is related to cost of production which is been minimized. According to the approach
Tesco plc is required to make changes which helps managers.

Total quality management: This is an approach making continuous improvement done
through manufacturing and production process in systematic manner. Through such management
Tesco plc is able to improve its various aspects with more effectiveness. Leaders and managers
requires to play important role which makes operations of management done in relevant manner.
Further explanation has been given as follows:
Provide direction: Leaders provides all team members directions which makes
supervision provided upon managing responsibility that deals with various situation in affective
way. In context of Tesco plc certain direction required to be given by leaders making task
management possible in appropriate manner(Roels and Staats, 2021).
Bring excellence initiative: Leaders and managers is require to play significant role that
improves quality leading towards making standards improved by increasing long term
sustainability within market.
P5) Explain the importance and value of operations management.
Operational management is been considered as those aspects that makes direct impact created
upon enhancing activities which makes development possible. Tesco is an multinational
organization selling diverse range of product and services sold. Regarding this most important
purpose makes efficiency developed within business through accuracy in development. Through
vital purpose making efficiency within business developed making complexity enhanced and has
been explained as follows:
 Planning: This has been helping in making operations regarding management done in
effective way which increases quality over services that is been provided by an
organization. In relation to Tesco plc effective strategy is been made over achieving goals
and objectives(Roshan, 2021).
 Organising: This is helpful in making various functions and operations done in affective
manner making business enhancement possible in appropriate manner leading upon
making production development with better accuracy. This makes affectivity developed
within path of management leading smoothness in operations performance for
organization like Tesco plc.

 Directing: This makes clear direction provided over pathway through which subordinates
is done while making connectivity responsible with progress within operation of Tesco
Plc.
 Controlling: In this process working is been done over various process that is been
managed by an organization. It makes Tesco plc perform operations of management in
effective manner.
Tesco through TQM is able to manage manufacturing process that makes customers achieve
level of satisfaction in more affective manner. Further this makes organization develop planning
which makes market value of Tesco's share increase in more affective manner. Time Quality
management makes wastage reduced with better output attained easily.
TASK 4
P6) Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making.
According to decision making Tesco has been using different factors making leaders and
manager attain better working conditions that is expanded as follows:
CSR: It is based over those responsibility which helps in making improvement done
regarding social, economic and environmental aspect through uplifting organization form
societies perspective. In context of Tesco, managers and leaders makes collective practices with
social prospectus controlled and managed by business. Through this brand image and goodwill
of organization like Tesco is improved within particular market. This helps an organization
develop reduce, reuse and recycle that makes environment protection goal achieved. Through
this organization is able to develop programs for society welfare which is related to education,
health and safety. (Tortorella, Narayanamurthy and Cauchick-Miguel, 2021).
Ethics: These are the norms that has been used for making business development
possible by developing discipline and order within its working process. Under it ethical code of
conduct is been followed which makes organization like Tesco plc accomplish its goals and
objective in more organized manner. (Zhan and et. al., 2021).
Sustainability: This is that kind of aspects which is related to long term growth of an
organization which makes durability achieved within business. Also it leads over making
demands and needs of customer understood in more affective manner which makes customers

satisfaction achieved leading over sales increase for an organization. Further this makes
organization like Tesco develop innovative ideas which makes long term period success to be
achieved by them. Further insatiability makes business growth with stability achieved within
operations and management of organization.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that operation and project management is the
most basic aspect for the business and in this the leader and manager play different role and
functions. The leader and manager both plays vital prospect and under this the achievement of
different success and development is processed in satisfactory manner. Leadership and
management collectively advance the working performance of business in satisfactory manner. It
provides both direction and appropriate pathway from which attainment of all the goals and
objectives become more familiar. Furthermore, the operation management also uses different
methods as like JIT manufacturing efficiency, TQM and six sigma by which the production of
waste also get balanced.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Lanka Ports Authority-Colombo (Doctoral dissertation).
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Zhan, Y and et. al., 2021. A social media analytic framework for improving operations and
service management: A study of the retail pharmacy industry. Technological
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