Managing a Successful Business Project

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Managing a Successful Business
Project

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Project aims and objectives....................................................................................................1
P2 Project management plan that covers aspects of cost, scope, time, quality, communication,
risk, and resources.......................................................................................................................2
P3 Work breakdown structure and a Gantt chart........................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P4 Small-scale research by applying qualitative and quantitative research methods.................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P5 Research and data using appropriate tools and techniques....................................................8
P6 Recommendations as a result of research and data analysis to draw valid and meaningful
conclusion.................................................................................................................................15
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................16
P7 Value of undertaking the research to meet stated objectives...............................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

TITLE: Gender Pay Gap.
INTRODUCTION
Equality and Diversity is explained as promoting equality of the opportunity to all, by
diversity, providing the each people chance to attain potential and free from any discrimination.
It is set of the activities which performed within organisation to promote culture related to equal
opportunities. It promotes the regular flow of creative activities by frequently involving workers
which contribute to higher efficiency and profitability (Boehm and Dwertmann, 2015). This
report is taken in to consideration on Tesco. It is multinational retailer that provides the grocery,
food items, households and some others to consumers at global level. Under this company, there
is a issue related to Gender Pay Gap. It is average difference among remuneration for women
and men which are working. It is difference among amount that paid to men and women for
doing similar work. This report consists the aims and objectives, project management plan by
consisting time, quality, communication, risk, resources etc. Small scale research applying the
quantitative and qualitative research methods will be discuss here.
TASK 1
P1 Project aims and objectives
Background of Research
Tesco is multinational retailer that provides wide range of services and products such as
home products, food items, electronics etc. This company committed to developing inclusive
environment so that everyone can feel comfortable. It gives many opportunities to staff members
for developing better career but it faces the main issue related to Gender Pay Gap. In this
company, women earn 92p for every £1 that the men earn when compare the median hourly
wages. The hourly wage of women is 10.9% less than men. This company focus on minimize the
gender pay gap and focus on supporting as well as attracting the talented women. It takes clear
action towards attaining the sustainable gender balance at each business level (Ewoh, 2013). The
gender pay gap data of Tesco across its 225000 employees in United Kingdom with gender pay
gap reporting regulations. At 2017, April 8.7% is median gender pay gap of Tesco company for
the fixed hourly pay. This organisation has been attributed its gender pay gap to fact that make
staff are more likely to the work shifts that pay premium.
Aim

To determine impact of equality and diversity practice in reducing gender pay gap at
workplace. A study on Tesco.
Objectives
 To examine concept of equality and diversity.
 To determine various strategies to managing equality and diversity at workplace.
 To identify impact of equality and diversity practice in reducing gender pay gap at Tesco.
Questions
 What is equality and diversity concept?
 What are various strategies to managing equality and diversity at workplace?
 What is impact of equality and diversity practice in reducing gender pay gap at Tesco?
P2 Project management plan that covers aspects of cost, scope, time, quality, communication,
risk, and resources
Project management plan refers to document that mainly used to explain each phrase of
project. This is written document composed of basic information that a researcher requires in
order to effectively carry out the project. This consists information on number of aspects like
scope, cost, time, communication, quality, risk and resources that allows an investigator to finish
project in the given tenure (Galpin, 2014). Different aspects are given below:
Scope- In this project, scope is wider because this permit an investigator to identify as
well as present significance of equality and diversity at workplace. It allows Tesco company to
assess main problems which has been generated between workers as a result of the gender pay
gap and how to resolve it, which helps to solve the problems and retain employees. The field of
study for researchers is also very broad and will be possible to improve the knowledge and
understanding of many tools and techniques in this regard (Hebl and Avery, 2012).
Cost- It is an important factor that depicts regarding actual amount that investigator needs
to perform activities effectively. Under this, investigator of Tesco has make estimation over cost
that need to perform activities. Estimated amount needed through investigator for this project
will £2000.
Time- This is regarded to be the most important factor as this helps an investigator to
easily allocate time for the each task so that the work can be completed on the specified deadline
(Hewins-Maroney and Williams, 2013). In this, time needed to performing activities of research
will be 45 days.

Quality- An investigation's quality is based on relevance as well as accuracy of the data
as this aids to conclude findings effectively. The author must collect data from validated and

already documented sources in order to ensure the quality of the report so that accurate
information can be provided. In context to this, existing data will be collected and analyzed to
ensure accuracy.
Communication- This refers to the networks used through the study to connect and
convey to its team members information about an investigation. The researcher will use sources
such as video calls, conferencing, emails etc. to effectively conduct the investigation (Kulik,
2014).
Risk- It explains about risks that the investigator may find while carrying out activities
related to the research. Main problem that investigator may face are lack of interest from
respondents in returning to questionnaire, technology, loss of information, etc., which may
affect directly on investigation outcome. Under this, risk can be analysed through monitoring of
the activities involved in the project. It helps in determine risk and project manager find effective
ways to overcome from them.
Resources- It includes list of resources which needed to conduct an effective
investigation. Resources that an investigator requires to effectively complete the project like
internet connection, human resources, financial resources and others (Kulkarni and Gopakumar,
2014).
Initial Investment 50000
Expenses
Operational Activities: 17000
Cost to IT Experts 11000
R&D Activities 12000
Licensing Fee 8000
P3 Work breakdown structure and a Gantt chart
Gantt chart- This is popular and useful way to showing the activities displayed against
the time. It is chart consists series of the horizontal lines which shows amount of the work done
in certain time period in context to planned amount for those periods. This tool helps guide the
investigator through systematically organizing the assignment and planning time each event

takes to efficiently perform the investigation. In this project, collection of data and the data
analysis are two different milestones. The Gantt Chart is more effective in planning project and
also explaining task sequence which need completion. It is useful to keep the tasks on proper
track when there is large team and many stakeholders when scope changes (Phillips snd et. al.,
2016). Under this, time period for completing an investigation is 45 days.
Work breakdown structure- It provides the visual way to detail deliverables within
project. This divided all the deliverables in to the sub- deliverables until they are properly
manageable that single person can finish them. Every deliverable gets assigned time as well as
budget estimate. Work breakdown structure is cornerstone of better project planning,
implementation, monitoring and controlling, all work contained with WBS to be determined,
estimated and the budgeted. This is mainly developed to establish common understanding of
project scope this is hierarchical explanation of work that should be dome to finish deliverable of
project (Rees and Smith, 2017).
TASK 2
P4 Small-scale research by applying qualitative and quantitative research methods
It is important for an investigator to make right choice of techniques and tools for
collecting and analysing information in order to carry out an effective investigation. There are
two kinds of research methods which used to successfully conduct an investigations like
qualitative and quantitative methods.

Quantitative method- In this method, data is collected in form of the numerical facts
that ensure accuracy of specific act. This method gives an accuracy of study as this is easy to
grasp by using graphs, pie chart, themes and others (Roulstone and Williams, 2014).
Qualitative method- This refers to a research strategy that focuses on collecting and
analysing facts in depth information by taking the hypotheses and theory into consideration.
They put emphasis on collecting information about human as well as social science to explore
people's views on specific aspect.
To successfully carry out investigation, qualitative research method will be used as this
helps an investigator to use the theoretical framework to clarify information that has obtained. IT
gives in-depth understanding of the topic that makes easier for learner to effectively understand
the information (Hebl and Avery, 2012).
Other than this, to make an investigation effective and to assure better information is
given to complement the purpose and intent of the report. It is important to choose effective
sources for information gathering. Different methods of data collection are mention below:
Primary sources- It applies to the techniques used to collect new and fresh information
that no other person has used before. Primary information is gathered through using the
questionnaires, interviews, focus groups and some other sources. Under this primary method,
questionnaire is using because it helps in collect information from large number of population.
Secondary sources- This is essentially the tool which collects second-hand information
through data, i.e. that is already being researched previously through another individual related to
current specific area in an effective manner (Hewins-Maroney and Williams, 2013). The
secondary sources will be use for collect information to answer the questions related to gender
pay gap in detailed manner.
Primary sources are mainly used to collect information to carry out this research as it
helps to provide fresh as well as relevant information that aids in achieve research goals. While
collecting information from employees, primary research questionnaire will be used. 30
Employees will be chosen through using the random data sampling method. The questionnaire is
developed among two different organisations like Tesco and Marks & Spencer, which initiatives
to executed the equality and diversity.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:

Age:
Gender:
For Tesco
Q1) Do you have the proper knowledge about equality and diversity concept?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) Does equality and diversity develops positive impact on organisational productivity?
a) Yes
b) No
Q3) What are main advantages that Tesco company gets through encouraging the equality
and diversity at workplace?
a) Coordination between employees
b) Sustaining employees
c) Increase employees productivity
Q4) Does gender pay gap is main issue in Tesco organisation?
a) Yes
b) No
Q5) What are different ways Tesco should adopt to reduce gender pay gap issue at
workplace?
a) Transparency in Salary
b) Promoting Female Entrepreneurship
c) Culture
For Marks & Spencer
Q1) According to your opinion, does equality and diversity support Marks & Spencer
firm to sustain staff members for long period of time?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) What is the effective strategy that Marks & Spencer should be adopt to managing the
equality and diversity at workplace?
a) Performance evaluation
b) Communication

c) Exit interviews
Q3) What are the main causes of Gender Pay Gap at workplace?
a) Discrimination
b) Lack of women in senior positions
c) Non-transparency of pay structures
Q4) What kind of issues Marks & Spencer face from increasing the gender pay gap?
a) Inefficiency in employee performance
b) Increasing Turnover
c) Reduce employee motivation
Q5) Recommend some ways by which equality and diversity can be properly managed to
sustain staff members in Marks & Spencer.
TASK 3
P5 Research and data using appropriate tools and techniques
Data analysis is related to interpreting information that collected from different sources to
conclude findings effectively towards attain specific research goals. Collected information is
related to equality and diversity and for analyse information, thematic analysis method will be
used.
For Tesco
THEME 1: Knowledge about equality and diversity concept
Q1) Do you have the proper knowledge about equality and diversity
concept?
Frequency
a) Yes 18
b) No 12

Interpretation: As per opinion of 18 respondents that they have the proper knowledge about
equality and diversity concept in a detailed manner. On the other hand, 12 respondents are not
aware about this concept.
THEME 2: Equality and diversity develops positive impact on organisational productivity
Q2) Does equality and diversity develops positive impact on
organisational productivity?
Frequency
a) Yes 20
b) No 10
Interpretation: Equality and diversity develops the negative as well as positive impact on
organisational productivity. As per viewpoint of 20 respondents that equality and diversity
18
12
a) Yes
b) No
20
10
a) Yes
b) No

develops positive impact on organisational productivity because it brings the all culture people
together. There are 10 respondents which are not agree with given statement because according
to them some people feel not comfortable to deal to work with the different culture people.
THEME 3: Advantages that Tesco company gets through encouraging the equality and
diversity
Q3) What are main advantages that Tesco company gets through
encouraging the equality and diversity at workplace?
Frequency
a) Coordination between employees 6
b) Sustaining employees 8
c) Increase employees productivity 16
Interpretation: From the above mention graph, it has been stated that equality and diversity has
some benefits at workplace. There are 6 respondents and they said that equality and diversity
helps in coordination among different respondents. 8 respondents are agree with sustaining staff
members. According to 16 respondents that equality and diversity is helpful in enhancing
employee productivity because it makes the strong connection among staff members and they
will think different that helps in increasing employees productivity level.
THEME 4: Gender pay gap is main issue in Tesco organisation
Q4) Does gender pay gap is main issue in Tesco organisation? Frequency
6
8
16
a) Coordination
between employees
b) Sustaining
employees
c) Increase employees
productivity

a) Yes 25
b) No 5
Interpretation: Gender pay gap is average difference among remuneration for women and men
which working. Mainly the women are considered to be less paid as comparison to women.
According to opinion of 25 respondents that gender pay gap is main issue that Tesco company
face because male and female employees have different pay scale. It minimizes the earning of
women lifetime and impact on their pension. 5 respondents are disagree with this statement.
THEME 5: Different ways Tesco should adopt to reduce gender pay gap issue
Q5) What are different ways Tesco should adopt to reduce gender pay
gap issue at workplace?
Frequency
a) Transparency in Salary 12
b) Promoting Female Entrepreneurship 10
c) Culture 8
25
5
a) Yes
b) No

Interpretation: In order to remove the gender pay gap issue from workplace, Tesco company
find the different ways. According to opinion of 12 respondents that there is a need to company
to keep transparency in its salary. There are 10 respondents and according to them firm needs to
promote the female entrepreneurship so that they can be motivated and work effectively. 8
respondents are agree with culture means firm should make the positive working culture and
treat male and female equally so that positive working environment can be developed.
For Marks & Spencer
THEME 1: Equality and diversity support Marks & Spencer firm to sustain staff members
Q1) According to your opinion, does equality and diversity support
Marks & Spencer firm to sustain staff members for long period of time?
Frequency
a) Yes 22
b) No 8
12
10
8
a) Transparency in
Salary
b) Promoting Female
Entrepreneurship
c) Culture

Interpretation: According to viewpoint of 22 respondents that equality and diversity helps in
support the Marks & Spencer company to retain employees for long time period. 8 respondents
are not agree with this.
THEME 2: Strategy that Marks & Spencer should be adopt to managing the equality and
diversity
Q2) What is the effective strategy that Marks & Spencer should be adopt
to managing the equality and diversity at workplace?
Frequency
a) Performance evaluation 15
b) Communication 10
c) Exit interviews 5
22
8
a) Yes
b) No
15
10
5
a) Performance
evaluation
b) Communication
c) Exit interviews

Interpretation: It has been examined from the mention graph that Marks & Spencer adopt the
different strategies to manage equality and diversity at workplace. There are 15 respondents
which said that performance evaluation is one of the main strategy that Marks & Spencer should
be adopt. 10 respondents are agree with the communication because if communication will be
positive at workplace then positive working environment will be develops and people with
different backgrounds can be interact to each other. 5 respondents are agree with the Exit
interviews. If any employee wants to leave organisation then manager should ask from them
some questions or issue of leaving.
THEME 3: Causes of Gender Pay Gap at workplace
Q3) What are the main causes of Gender Pay Gap at workplace? Frequency
a) Discrimination 12
b) Lack of women in senior positions 14
c) Non-transparency of pay structures 4
Interpretation: It has been stated from above mention graph that main causes of the Gender
Pay Gap. According to opinion of 12 respondents that discrimination is a main issue because
difference among the male and female employee develops negative impact on business. 14
respondents are agree with minimum women in the senior position and it reduces morale of
female employees. 4 respondents are agree with the Non-transparency of pay structures because
12
14
4
a) Discrimination
b) Lack of women in senior
positions
c) Non-transparency of pay
structures

differences in the pay structure develop negative impact on working performance of female
employees.
THEME 4: Issues Marks & Spencer face from increasing the gender pay gap
Q4) What kind of issues Marks & Spencer face from increasing the
gender pay gap?
Frequency
a) Inefficiency in employee performance 10
b) Increasing Turnover 6
c) Reduce employee motivation 14
Interpretation: Marks & Spencer faces issues from increasing the gender pay gap. 10
respondents said that main issue arise from the gender pay gap is to inefficiency in performance
level of staff members and it reduce the employee productivity. According to 6 respondents that
gender pay gap increases the employee turnover rate. 14 respondents said that gender pay gap
issue minimizes the motivation level of employees and this will negatively impact on
organisational productivity.
P6 Recommendations as a result of research and data analysis to draw valid and meaningful
conclusion
It has been stated from the above mention report that there are many different issues
faced by Tesco from the gender pay gap issue. It is necessary for this company to get over from
this issue and also enhance organisational productivity level. In relation to this, there are some
recommendations mention below:
10
6
14 a) Inefficiency in
employee performance
b) Increasing Turnover
c) Reduce employee
motivation

 Tesco's administrators must seek to give the equal opportunities to their workers in the
workforce so that the equity between staff members can be properly managed which
leads to the long-term retention of employees.
 Managers of Tesco company must concentrate consistently assessing employee
performance and also attempt to determine the cause behind the difference by seeking
employee input so that the corrective action should be taken to minimize turnover as well
as absenteeism.
TASK 4
P7 Value of undertaking the research to meet stated objectives
I am happy that I got opportunities to conduct an investigation on equality and diversity
at the workplace. It is considered in prominent people concern within organisations. Through
conducting research on this, I will be increase my understanding on the many issues which may
arise within the organization because of the improper equality and diversity management. It is
helpful for the several other organizations to identify reason behind many problems in order to
take the corrective measures which can be taken to sustain employees to improve sustainable
organizational efficiency. Other than this, conducting this research will support me in improving
my researcher's skills through creating the better understanding of many tools and techniques
that can used to collect, examine and effectively conclude findings. It will help me to effectively
carry out my future project. Besides that, in order to effectively carry out the investigation, I
developed the project management plan that supported me in correctly directing my research
through taking into account all necessary factors along with resources which are available for
carrying out a research in context to effectively carry out an investigation (Hewins-Maroney and
Williams, 2013).
When carrying out this research, I came through many issues such as insufficient time
and respondents the are not willing to reverse the questionnaire because they feel that their
identity will be exposed and they will face the trouble. So I try to make the ethical rules related
to privacy comfortable for people because their data will not be used in any way in study. It
helps me to collect information effectively. In regards to this, I used the questionnaire to carry
out this investigation as insufficient time, but in the future I will be able to carry out an

investigation again and will use the interview as alternative method that aids in having the face to
face interaction. It will help me in collecting detailed information and data in an effective way
(Hebl and Avery, 2012).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above mention report that Organizational equality and
diversity plays important role in keeping the workers engaged and maintained for a longer time
period as it provides equal opportunities for staff members. This turn aids to enhancing employee
involvement in organizational practices that aids to maximising the profitability, coordination
and growth between employees and retention of employees at workplace.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Boehm, S. A. and Dwertmann, D. J., 2015. Forging a single-edged sword: Facilitating positive
age and disability diversity effects in the workplace through leadership, positive
climates, and HR practices. Work, Aging and Retirement. 1(1). pp.41-63.
Ewoh, A. I., 2013. Managing and valuing diversity: Challenges to public managers in the 21st
century. Public Personnel Management. 42(2). pp.107-122.
Galpin, T. J., 2014. The complete guide to mergers and acquisitions: Process tools to support
M&A integration at every level. John Wiley & Sons.
Hebl, M. R. and Avery, D. R., 2012. Diversity in organizations. Handbook of Psychology,
Second Edition. 12.
Hewins-Maroney, B. and Williams, E., 2013. The role of public administrators in responding to
changing workforce demographics: Global challenges to preparing a diverse workforce.
Public Administration Quarterly. pp.456-490.
Kulik, C. T., 2014. Working below and above the line: the research–practice gap in diversity
management. Human Resource Management Journal. 24(2). pp.129-144.
Kulkarni, M. and Gopakumar, K. V., 2014. Career management strategies of people with
disabilities. Human Resource Management. 53(3). pp.445-466.
Phillips, B. N. And et. al., 2016. Disability diversity training in the workplace: Systematic review
and future directions. Journal of occupational rehabilitation. 26(3). pp.264-275.
Rees, G. and Smith, P. eds., 2017. Strategic human resource management: An international
perspective. Sage.
Roulstone, A. and Williams, J., 2014. Being disabled, being a manager:‘glass partitions’ and
conditional identities in the contemporary workplace. Disability & Society. 29(1).
pp.16-29.
Online
Lynn, D., 2019. How to Promote Equality & Diversity in the Workplace. [Online]. Available
through: <https://careertrend.com/how-to-promote-equality-diversity-in-the-workplace-
5497866.html>.

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