Managing Risks Associated with Gender Discrimination on Business Performance: A Study on ASDA

This study focuses on the importance of managing risks associated with gender discrimination on business performance. It is a study on ASDA and aims to identify the challenges faced by the company due to gender discrimination and the ways used by management to prevent the risks associated with it. The study includes a literature review on business management and discrimination risk. The research questions, aim, and objectives are also discussed in detail.

BSc (Hons) Business Management Top up
BMP6001 Dissertation
To identify the importance of managing risks associated with gender
discrimination on business performance.” A study on ASDA
Name:
ID Number:
Supervisor:
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Table of Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................2
Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................................5
Chapter 1: Introduction..........................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background of the topic.........................................................................................................6
1.2 Overview of the organization.................................................................................................7
1.3 Research question..................................................................................................................7
1.4 Research aim &objective.......................................................................................................9
1.5 Research rational...................................................................................................................9
1.6 Research problem................................................................................................................10
Chapter 2: Literature Review...............................................................................................................10
2.1 Introduction of Literature Review..............................................................................................10
2.2 Main body with heading &sub-headings...................................................................................11
2.3 Conclusion of Literature Review...............................................................................................16
Chapter 3: Methodology......................................................................................................................17
3.1 Research Process.......................................................................................................................17
3.2 Research Approach....................................................................................................................17
3.3 Research Strategy......................................................................................................................18
3.4 Research Methodology Tools....................................................................................................18
3.6 Sampling Approach...................................................................................................................19
3.6 Ethical Implications...................................................................................................................19
Chapter 4: Findings (Data presentation)..............................................................................................20
Chapter 5: Discussion (Data interpretation).........................................................................................31
Chapter 6: Conclusion, Recommendations &Implications for Further Research.................................35
Implications for Further Research.......................................................................................................38
References...........................................................................................................................................40
Appendices..........................................................................................................................................43
Appendix 2. A sample of completed Questionnaire/ A sample of Interview Transcript......................46
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Abstract
Purpose – The main purpose of this is study is two focus on the gender discrimination among
the employees &also identify various risk factors which can create the problem &affect the
performance management of the company.
Design/methodology/approach – In order to conduct this is study, various types of research
mythologies are considered by the researcher which can helpful to complete the research
process in an appropriate manner. Researcher utilise the inductive &deductive research
approach & also implement the qualitative &quantitative both research methods in order to
frame a most effective outcome of the research. Researcher also contains specific ethical
considerations which can helpful to maintain the effectiveness &reliability of the research.
The researcher considers primary data collecting methods in order to gain distinctive
&relevant replies from the target audience in order to perform his or her investigation. In
order to get all of the replies from the company's target audience, the researcher created a
well established questionnaire with closed ended questions. This allowed the researcher to
efficiently collect all of the responses from the target population. The researcher successfully
recovered 20 replies &uses the frequency analysis approach to keep track of all the data
&conclusions, which are listed below -
Findings - This is search is totally based on the gender discrimination in the organisation
because gender discrimination affect the productivity &profitability of the organisation. With
the help of this research it is find that there are various types of challenges &risk are facing
by the company which can affect the productivity &performance of the organisation such as
gender gap, unequal employment opportunities, organisational culture, low level of
transparency, low diversity. In order to remove all these risk factor company is implementing
some appropriate is strategies which can helpful to improve the performance &product
activity of the organisation & decrease the gender discrimination such as remove the pay gap
system, work in group, selection on the basis of skills &talent, implementation specific laws
&policies.
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Practical implications– This study based on the gender discrimination &also utilise
quantitative & qualitative research method in order to maintain the practicality of the
research.
Originality/value– This study is the mainly depend upon the ASDA &focus on the gender
discrimination at the workplace.
Key word– Gender discrimination, gender equality,
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Acknowledgement
First &foremost, I want to express my gratitude to God for making me capable of
accomplishing something meaningful.
I'd want to express my gratitude to my supervisor for his time &dedication. During my
dissertation, he volunteered his time to assist me anytime I needed it; went throughout my
draft copies; patiently listened to me; promptly responded to all of my email inquiries;
&backed me up every step of the way. He has pushed me to develop independent thinking
&has considerably aided me with writing, beginning with refining the study topic.
Thank you to all of the ASDA employees who took the time to complete the surveys for my
study. It would also be impossible to carry out this study without their active cooperation.
Last but not least,
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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the topic
Business management is a wider concept which helps in coordinating &organising various
business activities. Business management assist the company in planning, analysing
&organising different method of the business. Through this business grow &develop in
effective & also efficient manner. Business management is the core concept for the
organisation which helps the companies to manage their action &activity so that business
goal &objective can be attained in appropriate manner. The business manger supervisor
&train the employee in order to operate their business operation in accurate manner. In
various company &organisation gender discrimination take place which affect the
performance of the firm. discrimination refer to the bad behaviour &attitude taken place by
one person towards the other due to gender, caste, age, religion &many more (Raut and et.
al, 2019). It is unequal treatment that an individual or group of people does due to gender. It
is very vital for the company to manage the risk which organization could face due to gender
discrimination. One of the biggest disadvantages a company can face due to discrimination is
poor brand image. In the above research, a detailed information about managing risk is
discussed which helps in improving the organisational performance. There are various
challenges that is faced by workplace due to gender discrimination are poor market image. If
unequal treatment is done due to gender then company could not built a good brand image.
Another issue that is faced by the organisation is not able to attract talented pool in the
companies operation (Bianchi, 2018). In recent time women are more talented than male the
creativity &innovation they bring in the companies operation helps them to earn more market
capitalisation. Thus it is very important for the company to manage their business risk which
might occur due to inequality. Managing the business risk can help the companies to perform
their business operation in effective manner (Verniers &Vala, 2018).
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1.2 Overview of the organization
For the above selected topic the chosen organisation is ASDA. Under the investigation, a
detailed analysis will be done on ASDA so that aims & objective can be attained
appropriately. ASDA stands for Associated Diaries. ASDA is one of the leading British
supermarket chains in United Kingdom. The company operates their business in the year
1949 &the founder of the supermarket is Peter &Fred Asquith &Sir Noel Stockdale. It’s
headquarter is in Leeds, UK. The company operated their business in more than 633 locations
(Heilman &Caleo, 2018). The products in which they deal in are Grocery product, general
merchandise &financial service &the service which they render are ASDA mobile, ASDA
money, ASDA living &George. In ASDA more than 165000 employees works. Apart from
United Kingdom the company has it stores in Japan &Chile. The company is chosen by the
organisation in order to see the effectiveness they occur to managing their gender
discrimination &the risk related to it. In recent time ASDA is second largest supermarket
chain in the united kingdom &also the company hold a strong br&image (Lucifora &Vigani,
2021).
1.3 Research question
The research questions for the above investigation are as follows:
 Explain the basic understanding regarding the business management &discrimination
risk?
 What is the effectiveness of managing risks associated with gender discrimination on
business performance?
 What are the challenges faced by ASDA because of gender discrimination at
workplace?
 What are the ways used by management of ASDA to prevent the risks associated with
gender discrimination?
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1.4 Research aim &objective
Research aim:
“To identify the importance of managing risks associated with gender discrimination on
business performance.” A study on ASDA
Research objective:
 To develop basic understanding regarding the business management &discrimination
risk
 To determine the effectiveness of managing risks associated with gender
discrimination on business performance
 To evaluate the challenges faced by ASDA because of gender discrimination at
workplace
 To examine the ways used by management of ASDA to prevent the risks associated
with gender discrimination
1.5 Research rational
The major reason for carrying out the current investigation is to gain detailed understanding
about business management. This research will also help in enhance the academic
knowledge about the managing risk that is associated due to gender discrimination take place
at organisation &how it affects the business performance. Another major reason for choosing
this topic is because in recent time gender discrimination is the most important aspect of the
organisation &in the current age it is vital to provide equal &fair opportunity to each &every
employee irrespective of their gender (Heilman &Caleo, 2018). This research will also
highlight the various challenges company could face due to prevailing gender discrimination.
Apart from this the existing investigation has great interest as it helps in gaining two vital
objectives which are personal &professional objective. In perspective to the personal
objective i will able to learn about various research methods which is used to complete the
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investigation in a systematic manner. Further, i will also develop various skills such as
communication, problem solving, data analytical skills &many more. On the other hand, in
respect to professional objective this research will help in building a sound professional
career in the field of HR (Roberts, Tamene and Orta, 2018). The existing investigation will
also enhance my knowledge about the measures which is used in an organisation in
mitigating the risk related to gender discrimination. Therefore, the present investigation is
quite vital in attaining the two most crucial objectives in sound way.
1.6 Research problem
The main problem that is occurred in the existing research is to find out the ways through
which gender discrimination in the organisation can be mitigated. Reducing gender
discrimination is very crucial for the firms because it impact the organisational performance
in greater manner (Pennington and et. al, 2018). In recent time it is important to treat each
&every employee in equal & fair manner so that they can enhance their brand image
&mitigate the entire problem related to it. Sexual orientation impact the employee
performance in greater sense.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction of Literature Review
The practice of imparting information &comprehension of academic literature on a certain
issue is known as literature review. It is regarded as a review article since it primarily covers
the evaluation of the study. Literature reviews are commonly included in dissertations, theses,
&research papers. Literature reviews serve a variety of purposes, including providing clarity
&emphasis on the study subject, refining research methods, categorizing discoveries,
&increasing the research knowledge base (Adelirad and et. al., 2021). The primary goal of a
literature review is to comprehend the research topic &describe how one study relates to the
others. Readers may grasp previous studies &express their relevant knowledge of a written
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document by doing a systematic review. A literature review aids in the provision of in-depth
expertise about a certain issue as well as the backdrop of the investigation.
2.2 Main body with heading &sub-headings
Explain the basic understanding regarding the business management &discrimination
risk?
According to Hasni (2020), revealed that business management is the process of
designing, managing, assessing, &regulating daily operations in order to achieve the
company's goals. Basically, ASDA's business administration means bringing various people
together on the same single platform so that they may work together through a shared goal. It
is also determined that the coordination &organization of corporate activities is referred to as
business administration. Business managing &supervising procedures &assist staff in
achieving maximum productivity. A marketing director may also be responsible for
supervising or training new personnel, as well as assisting a company in meeting its
operational &financial goals. It is also analyzed that the role of business management is "the
administration of the synchronization & organization of company activity." This usually
entails the creation of resources, money, &machines, as well as marketing &invention . In
context of the organisation, Managers &directors have the power &authority to oversee an
organization is making recommendations (Bianchi, 2018). The quantity of management can
range from a single person or group to millions of administrators in multinational
corporations. The board members define the policy in larger firms, which is subsequently
carried out from the CEO, or chief executive officer. It is also determined that the Business
Management System is considered as the set of tools for tactically implementing
&strategically planning practices, processes, policies, guidelines, &procedures in the
distribution, performance, &creation of business policies &tactics, as well as any related
administrative duties (Devi, 2017). They serve as a foundation for both tactical &strategic
business decisions involving current methods, tasks, engagements, &operations, with the
purpose of achieving all of organizational objectives while also meeting consumer
expectations &requirements. On the basis of this study, it is identify that the fundamental
goal of a Business Management System is to provide management with the tools they need to
manage, coordinate, &oversee their actions as well as measure an organizational value. They
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also want to implement company-wide constant improvement techniques. It is also analyzed
that this system identifies the company's founding values &is strongly tied to business
success criteria. It is a number of co structures of diverse business options that demonstrate
how a revenue corporation would perform various responsibilities, such as marketing, sales,
staffing, &procurement, to properly accomplish a project. Some individuals believe that the
best method to assess a company's future &existing worth is to look at the management'
experience &credentials (Greening, 2019). The goal of management is to bring effectively to
accomplish the same intended objectives by effectively &efficiently taking advantage of the
opportunities available.
In context of the Discrimination, according to experts, is one of the most serious
problems in the workplace because that disrupts the balance among workers &supervisors.
When personnel discrimination against other employees based on their gender, race, religion,
or other factors, it de- motivates them &has a detrimental influence on their performance in
the workplace.
According to Van Thompson,2022, defined that the effect of discrimination is provide
the direct impact on the performance &productivity of the organization. It is identified that
discrimination can lead to major legal consequences for your company. If you have
government contracts or financing, you risk losing them, as well as facing legal action.
Attorney's costs, lost remuneration &financial penalties are all possible outcomes of gender
discrimination claims. However, the implications aren't confined to legal ramifications.
Women may experience an unpleasant &painful work environment as a result of
discrimination against women. You have significantly fewer resources to draw on when you
alienate half of the population &potential workforce. If you have consumers or clients, a
gender atmosphere may alienate them, &you may loose sales as a result. It is analysed taht
discrimination is defined as treating persons from distinct social identity individuals in
various ways, such as based on colour, ethnicity, gender, age, or any other factor that is
unrelated to the target group members' credentials, skills, or success. It's usually seen as
unequal, &it's frequently prohibited. In the social &behavioral sciences, discrimination has
been the topic of extensive investigation. It is analysed that behaving more favorably toward
those who haven't earned it or behaving less favorably toward those who have, while most
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research seeks on poor consequences to other less favored subgroups instead than positive
behavior toward the more favored groups (Hasni, 2020). It is analyzed that the Workplace
discrimination can take many forms, &the law protects both men &women. Gender
inequality occurs when a company treats an individual differently based on whether he or she
is a man or a woman.
It is necessary for the organization to focus on the gender discrimination laws in order
to reduce the gender biasness because it is identified that Gender bias, including one at
nonprofit organizations, is illegal under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Discrimination on the
basis of gender is also forbidden in other institutions, such as schools &colleges. Under the
law, gender discrimination can take numerous forms. It is also determined that although
explicitly sexist rules are prohibited, they are no longer prevalent (Heilman and Caleo, 2018).
Sexual abuse &unconscious bias, on the other hand, can create a hostile work atmosphere.
Any behavior that makes certain benefits reliant on sex or produces a sexually charged hostile
work atmosphere is considered sexual harassment. Practices that exacerbate gender disparity,
even if unintentionally, or that exclusively harm one gender are likewise prohibited.
What is the effectiveness of managing risks associated with gender discrimination on
business performance?
According to Walsh (2020), explained that gender discrimination in the workplace
must be controlled &prevented since it has a favorable impact on overall business success.
ASDA, for example, has created procedures to prevent &manage discrimination at work,
ensuring that all employees are treated fairly. Professionals who are treated equally in the
workplace grow &strengthen their incentive to work to their maximum potential in order to
meet their own &the business's ambitions &goals. As a result, addressing gender bias risks
has a positive influence on business performance since every individual is employed equal
opportunity to demonstrate their ability &talent. Furthermore, whenever employees contact
with centralized decision during HR operations or are informed of the outcomes of HR-
related decisions, they may be subjected to personal prejudice in the guise of sexist remarks.
The personal experiences of stigmatization, as well as the factual advantages of lesser
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income, status, &possibilities at work, impair women's psychologically &physically stress
mental &physical health (Heilman and Caleo, 2018).
According to the Caitlin S.Stamarshi, revealed that Due to the numerous forms of
gender inequities prevalent, the workplace has been referred to as an uncomfortable place for
women (e.g., Abrams, 1991). The wage disparity the scarcity of women in leadership &the
longer resources duration for women (vs. males) to advance in their careers are all examples
of how workplace discrimination negatively affects children's earnings & chances.
Employment discrimination, in other words, adds to traditional male inferior socioeconomic
background. Furthermore, human resource management (HR) rules &Hour minimum
decision-making are mostly to blame for such discrimination against women. Negligence of
effectively managing risk associated with gender discrimination can create many negative
impact on business organization. This cannot only affect overall growth and performance of
company but can also hamper performance and productivity of employees. It is essential for
business organization like Asda to manage risk related with gender discrimination in this
organization with the help of implementing various strategies and practices such as creating a
self reinforcement system which helps in overcoming discrimination conducting effective
decision making and implementing strategies associated to managing discrimination. This
helps in overcoming this challenge with the help of effectively managing risk related with
gender discrimination business organization can enhance overall growth in performance of
employees, as if it in a workplace there is no discrimination against employees on any basis
then it helps in enhancing their overall growth performance moral motivation and confidence.
In addition to this it has been underlined that with the help of managing risk related with
gender discrimination business organization like Asda can undertake various opportunities
such as enhancement of employees as it encourage employees’ motivation to conduct their
roles and responsibilities in more hardworking manner.
Thus from the above analysis of the viewpoint of various authors and articles it has been
analysed that with the help of managing risk related with gender discrimination business
organization can enhance their overall performance and productivity at a greater rate. This
helps in overcoming the issue related with motivation of employees and lack of performance.
In addition to this it has been underlined that with the help of managing risk related with
gender discrimination business organization like ASDA can manage performance of
employees and can retain them for longer period of time. This also enhance business
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performance in terms of enhancing company performance at a greater scale as it allow
experienced and talented employees to retain within organization for longer period of time.
This also benefit company to satisfy customers in a well defined and effective manner.
What are the challenges faced by ASDA because of gender discrimination at workplace ?
According to Langworthy &Warnecke (2020) defined that ASDA is confronted with a
number of issues, the cause of which is gender discrimination in the workplace. ASDA has
been threatened with legal action by female employees who say they are paid less than male
staff. They claimed that the positions assigned to them are similar in value, but that
employees will receive higher compensation than female employees. This has posed a
problem for ASDA, as they have been involved in legal proceedings. Another issue is that
individuals have begun to migrate to opponents' organizations due to gender discrimination.
As a result, the company had considerable personnel turnover, ultimately resulted in unmet
objectives & also goals. There are various kind of challenges are facing by the organization
such as finding the effective work life balance, in which finding a work-life balance is
difficult for both men &women, but due to societal constraints, women are under much more
pressure to achieve it, which sometimes leads to unwarranted guilt. The truth is that in 2015,
women can be mothers, business women, &marathon runners all at the same time—&they do
(Hughes and Barlo, 2021). Ignore external expectations &establish the job satisfaction that
is best both you, your household, & also company if you are a woman striving toward
motherhood &a career.
The second challenge is biasness, in which Women are subjected to gender bias from such
an early age, &this discrimination continues once they enter the workforce. Addressing
gender inequality is one of the most difficult issues women face in today's job, from skipping
out on prospects that are granted to perhaps less qualified male counterparts to the often-
dramatic inequalities in salary. The another challenge which mainly facing by the
organization is Stereotypes in which it is determined that Rather of boring you with a laundry
list of clichés you've already heard a thous&times, let's focus on the issues these erroneous
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assumptions pose to all employees in the organization. When you enter any situation with a
preconceived opinion about another person, risk missing out on learning & comprehending
the values & also opportunity they can contribute to our businesses & aldo lifestyles.
What are the ways used by management of ASDA to prevent the risks associated with
gender discrimination?
According to Adelirad (2021), ASDA's management employs a variety of strategies
to mitigate the risks associated with gender stereotyping. Equal compensation for all
employees, men &women, is one of the methods. This helps to motivate employees by
showing them that their efforts are appreciated at work. ASDA's administration is also
considering changing its employment methods in order to increase diversity in the company.
There are various ways are implementing by the organizations such as employees should gain
knowledge about the Stereotypes because employees do not notice when our prejudices are
influencing our decision-making since we are not always conscious of them; consequently,
education &knowledge are essential for progress (Igwenagu, 2016). "When people
underst&how stereotypes work, they are more likely to evaluate their own decision-making,
breaking the propensity to utilise preconceptions as a shortcut.". The way to reduce the
gender discrimination risk is establish the clear evaluation criteria so that employees can
effectively establish precise criteria &qualifications for our decisions when making recruiting
or promotion decisions." The more rigid the criterion, the more women & also
underrepresented groups will be hired, according to research. The next way is to Ensure that
the decision-makers can held accountable so that they can claims that having to explain our
selections to others forces us to reconsider our choices. "We break the temptation to utilise
stereotypes as a shortcut by contemplating & also going through the decision process more
carefully (Johnston, 2017). The other way to reduce the discrimination risk is to be open
&also honest with their employees, it is analysed that it is necessary to be open &honest
about your recruiting & also promotion practises. Posting the data & keeping track of where
we're doing in regarding gender diversity in your businesses encourages employees to be
more mindful in their decision-making.
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Furthermore it has been underlined that gender discrimination affect overall growth
and productivity of employees. It has been evaluated that there are different type of face
through which ASDA can prevent the risk related with gender discrimination. In this
company with the help of being transparent towards employees and setting clear action plan,
associated to clear target and milestone can overcome this challenge. In addition to this with
the help of communicating openly and honestly within workplace allow organization to
significantly overcome this challenge. Furthermore supporting women’s in more senior roles
will also benefit Asda to prevent associated with gender discrimination. With the help of this
strategy company can also enhance their positive image in industry and can attract large
number of talented individuals. In addition to this it has been underlined that by supporting
man and implementing gender neutral recruitment policy will benefit company to have a
collaborative and cooperative tend to attract more women than men. This helps in enhancing
overall performance and productivity of employees at greater scale. In addition to this it has
been underlined that by providing training on continuous basis, having a clear policy on
discrimination, providing flexible working are some of the other forms of ways through
which company can prevent the risk associated with gender discrimination.
In addition to this it has been underlined that by promoting a culture of meritocracy company
can encourage women workers and by recognising their contribution company can overcome
the issue of gender discrimination. Thus, from the analysis of viewpoint of various authors
and articles it has been underlined that in order to sustain in business industry for longer
period of time it is essential for leading organisations like Asda to overcome the rest related
with managing gender discrimination. This helps business organization to assure long term
growth and sustainability in industry.
2.3 Conclusion of Literature Review
On the basis of above discussion about in the literature review, it is analysed that company
management is a broad term that refers to the coordination &organisation of numerous
business operations. Operations management aids a corporation in organizing, analysing,
&organising various business methods. This firm will exp&&flourish in a cost-effective
&effective manner. Company management is a basic concept for organisations that enables
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them to effectively manage their actions &activities in order to achieve their company
objectives. The business manager supervises &trains the employees so that they can run their
firm efficiently. Gender discrimination occurs in a variety of companies &organisations,
which has an impact on the firm's success. Discrimination can be defined as undesirable
behaviour &attitude directed against another individual based on factors such as gender,
caste, age, religion, & many more (Langworth, Warnecke, 2020). It is the treatment of a
person or a group of individuals that is unequal because of their gender. It is critical for the
firm to handle the situation that it may suffer as a result of gender discrimination. Poor
br&equity is one of the most significant drawbacks that discrimination may bring to a firm. In
the preceding study, benefits associated on risk management is given, which aids in the
development of the organisation. Poor market image is one of the many issues that
workplaces experience as a result of gender discrimination. If there is unequal treatment
based on gender, the firm will not be able to build a good reputation. Other challenge that the
corporation is dealing with is its inability to attract a skilled pool of employees to work in the
company. Women are more brilliant than males in recent years, & the entrepreneurship
&imagination they bring to the workplace helps organisations achieve greater market
capitalization (Lucifora and Vigani, 2021). As a result, it is critical for the organisation to
handle any commercial risks that may arise as a result of inequality. Handling potential
liability assists businesses in running their operations more efficiently.
Chapter 3: Methodology
The procedure of creating new knowledge &applying current understanding in a creative
manner to generate techniques, concepts, &comprehension is referred to as research
technique. It includes many approaches such as research paradigm, research philosophy,
research strategy, research decision, &so on. The chosen strategies are described in detail
below, along with their justifications.
3.1 Research Process
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The Research Process is a series of technical stages that must be followed in order to
do research. Each step is related to the ones before it. The procedure focused on the research
problem. Then it proceeds to the following stage in a sequentially (Ørngreen and Levinsen,
2017).
3.2 Research Approach
The technique of reviewing accumulated data in an effective &efficient manner is referred to
as the study design. Inductive &deductive techniques are the two most common types of
techniques. Both methods are excellent for gathering relevant data. The inductive technique is
one that aids investigators in constructing a new theory rather than adopting an existing one
(Igwenagu, 2016). Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, is concerned with the examination
&investigation of quantitative &critical dimension. As a result, the researcher will adopt a
deductive strategy because the current study is focused on gathering both primary
&quantitative data. The key advantage of the deductive approach is that it speeds up the
process of determining the dependability of numeric values.
3.3 Research Strategy
The entire framework and design of an investigation is mainly dependent and based on the
selection of research strategy which consists of action research, observation, survey,
experiments, empharical research and many more forms of research strategy. One of the most
significant types of research methods for gathering valid &accurate data is research strategy.
Case study, survey, deductive approach, research methods, action research, systematic
literature review, &so on are examples of research strategies. To obtain relevant data, the
researcher will conduct a survey &conduct a systematic literature review. The survey will be
chosen by the researcher since it aids in the collection of mathematical &primary data in a
shorter amount of time. In a shorter amount of time, primary data would be acquired using a
questionnaire instrument. On the other hand, researchers would employ methodical reading to
obtain second-hand knowledge from sources such as journals, articles, periodicals,
periodicals, &so on (Pandey and Pandey, 2021).
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3.4 Research Methodology Tools
Qualitative and quantitative are two vital set and form of research method out of which one or
a combination of both is applied by a research to carry out investigation where qualitative is
associated with in-depth investigation where as quantitative is based on objective nature of
research. With respect to current investigation, use of quantitative nature of research method
seemed more viable as it helps and facilitates collection of required information in numerical
and statistical set of data that is easy to collect and present. Further, utilisation of quantitative
nature of research method is also justifiable to have better presentation of collects facts in
more systematic and attractive way through making use of tables and charts.
Research Methodology
The term "research methodology" refers to a process for gathering relevant data in a shorter
amount of time. Quantitative &qualitative research methods are the two basic types of
research methodology. Qualitative research technique is a type of research methodology that
aids in the extraction of philosophical &textual data. Quantitative research approach, from the
other hand, entails gathering numerical &statistical data from many sources. Quantitative
research methodology will be chosen by the investigator since it aids in the completion of
mathematical &graphical data in a short period of time. As a result, the investigator will
choose quantitative research to collect all of the necessary quantitative data (Mohajan, 2018).
Research Tools
In conducting research, research instruments are critical. Primary &secondary data
collection are the primary data &secondary data. Because it aids in achieving the research
company aims &objectives, the investigator will choose both primary &secondary data
collecting. Primary data collection will be chosen since it aids in the extraction of raw data
through the use of questionnaires. Secondary research, on the other hand, will be picked since
it aids in the extraction of secondary data. Books, periodicals, periodicals, &newspapers are
examples of secondary sources. The researcher will use a questionnaire is used to collect both
primary &quantitative data in a short amount of time. This gadget is quite useful for
gathering quantitative data in a short amount of time (Bresler and Stake, 2017).
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3.6 Sampling Approach
The practise of selecting a specific number of responders from a broad population is referred
to as sampling. Probability &non-probability sampling are the two most common types of
sampling. Probability sampling is preferred by researchers because it allows them to get
quantitative information from a large number of responses. Twenty ASDA employers will be
chosen as respondents in order to obtain numerical data. They were picked because they are
the ones who encounter difficulties when their employees quit (Nayak and Singh, 2021).
3.6 Ethical Implications
In context of research, it is necessary for the researcher to maintain the ethical considerations
&also manage the properly ethical implications so that all the research works in an
appropriate manner. It is analyse that ethical consideration is considered as the collection of
ideas that govern your study designs &procedures are known as ethical concerns in research.
Informed involvement, informed permission, anonymity, secrecy, the risk of damage,
&outcomes communicating are among these principles. Ethical consideration mainly
consider some factors like respect for autonomy, beneficence, respect for human dignity,
&justice are the four philosophical principles that guide this application's understanding of
ethical dilemmas (Dźwigoł and Dźwigoł-Barosz, 2018). It is analysed that one of the most
crucial factors to consider when investigating the incident is time. For this purpose, the
researcher has created a Gantt chart. The ideal tool for arranging diverse project activities
with proper different intervals is the Gantt chart. In order to manage the ethical
considerations effectively, investigation, the researcher explored a variety of resources to
acquire relevant data. The following are some of the resources that will be used in this
investigation: books, journals, articles, periodicals, questionnaires, & also responses
(Taherdoost, 2016).
22 | P a g e

Chapter 4: Findings (Data presentation)
In order to conduct it is research, primary data collection method is considered by the
researcher so that researcher can effectively collect original &appropriate responses from the
target audience. Together the responses from the target audience of the company, researcher
design a bed established questionnaire & also mentioned close ended questions so that
researcher can get effectively all the responses from the target people. Researcher received 20
responses successfully &with the help of frequency distribution technique researcher
maintains all the data &findings which are given below -
Frequency Distribution Table
1 Q) According to you, Do you have understanding about
discrimination of risk in the organization?
Frequency
A. Yes 17
B. No 3
2) According to you, are business management activities helpful to
reduce the discrimination risk in the organization?
Frequency
A. Yes 18
B. No 2
3) According to you, which types of risk are facing by the
organization due to the gender discrimination at their workplace?
Frequency
A. Unequal pay 5
B. Inequality in employment 4
C. Lack of legal protection 3
D. Poor medical care 4
E. Racism 4
4) According to you, which is the most effective way to reduce the
gender discrimination in the organization?
Frequency
23 | P a g e

A. Provide good medical care 3
B. Strengthen legal protections 4
C. Start Empower women 6
D. Create fair compensation 5
E. Focus on diversity 2
5) According to you, which key challenge is experiencing by the
ASDA due to gender discrimination in their organization.
Frequency
A. Gender pay gap 7
B. Promotion of women less than man 5
C. Occupational segregation 3
D. Lack of employment equality 5
6) According to you, what are the outcomes of gender inequality in
the organization?
Frequency
A. Anxiety 6
B. Depression 5
C. Low self-esteem 5
D. Employees turnover 4
7) According to you, which technique is most suitable to manage
the gender discrimination?
Frequency
A. Use skills-based assessments 3
B. Remove the pay gap system 5
C. Be transparent 3
D. Encourage women’s to progress 4
E. Work in group 3
F. Effectively organizational culture 2
8) According to you, which strategies are implementing by the
ASDA to improve the gender equality among their employees?
Frequency
A. Provide equal opportunities to men &women 3
B. Give change to speak 4
24 | P a g e

C. Implement the law &policies to remove discrimination 4
D. Create a safer &healthier work environment 3
E. Increase talent pool for leadership 2
F. Posting gender-neutral job descriptions 4
9) According to you, which are the most appropriate benefits of
implementing the gender equality practices &policies in the
organisation?
Frequency
A. Increase organisational productivity 6
B. Enhance employees performance 5
C. Attract &retain the talent 4
D. Improve organization reputation 5
Data Analysis
The responses of the people are representing with the help of tables &graphs which are give
below -
1) According to you, Do you have understanding about
discrimination of risk in the organization?
Frequency
A. Yes 17
B. No 3
25 | P a g e

17
3
Frequency
A. Yes
B. No
2) According to you, are business management activities helpful to
reduce the discrimination risk in the organization?
Frequency
A. Yes 18
B. No 2
18
2
Frequency
A. Yes
B. No
3) According to you, which types of risk are facing by the Frequency
26 | P a g e

organization due to the gender discrimination at their workplace?
A. Unequal pay 5
B. Inequality in employment 4
C. Lack of legal protection 3
D. Poor medical care 4
E. Racism 4
5
43
4
4
Frequency
A. Unequal pay
B. Inequality in
employment
C. Lack of legal
protection
D. Poor medical care
E. Racism
27 | P a g e

4) According to you, which is the most effective way to reduce the
gender discrimination in the organization?
Frequency
A. Provide good medical care 3
B. Strengthen legal protections 4
C. Start Empower women 6
D. Create fair compensation 5
E. Focus on diversity 2
3
4
6
5
2
Frequency
A. Provide good medical
care
B. Strengthen legal
protections
C. Start Empower
women
D. Create fair
compensation
E. Focus on diversity
5) According to you, which key challenge is experiencing by the
ASDA due to gender discrimination in their organization.
Frequency
A. Gender pay gap 7
B. Promotion of women less than man 5
C. Occupational segregation 3
D. Lack of employment equality 5
28 | P a g e

7
5
3
5
Frequency
A. Gender pay gap
B. Promotion of women
less than man
C. Occupational
segregation
D. Lack of employment
equality
6) According to you, what are the outcomes of gender inequality in
the organization?
Frequency
A. Anxiety 6
B. Depression 5
C. Low self-esteem 5
D. Employees turnover 4
6
5
5
4
Frequency
A. Anxiety
B. Depression
C. Low self-esteem
D. Employees turnover
29 | P a g e

7) According to you, which technique is most suitable to manage
the gender discrimination?
Frequency
A. Use skills-based assessments 3
B. Remove the pay gap system 5
C. Be transparent 3
D. Encourage women’s to progress 4
E. Work in group 3
F. Effectively organizational culture 2
3
5
34
3 2
Frequency
A. Use skills-based
assessments
B. Remove the pay gap
system
C. Be transparent
D. Encourage women’s to
progress
E. Work in group
F. Effectively
organizational culture
30 | P a g e

8) According to you, which strategies are implementing by the
ASDA to improve the gender equality among their employees?
Frequency
A. Provide equal opportunities to men &women 3
B. Give change to speak 4
C. Implement the law &policies to remove discrimination 4
D. Create a safer &healthier work environment 3
E. Increase talent pool for leadership 2
F. Posting gender-neutral job descriptions 4
3
4
43
2
4
Frequency
A. Provide equal
opportunities to men and
women
B. Give change to speak
C. Implement the law
and policies to remove
discrimination
D. Create a safer and
healthier work
environment
E. Increase talent pool
for leadership F. Posting gender-
neutral job descriptions
31 | P a g e

9) According to you, which are the most appropriate benefits of
implementing the gender equality practices &policies in the
organisation?
Frequency
A. Increase organisational productivity 6
B. Enhance employees performance 5
C. Attract &retain the talent 4
D. Improve organization reputation 5
6
5
4
5
Frequency
A. Increase
organisational productivity
B. Enhance employees
performance
C. Attract and retain the
talent
D. Improve organization
reputation
32 | P a g e

Chapter 5: Discussion (Data interpretation)
1 Q) According to you, do you have understanding about discrimination of risk in the
organization?
Interpretation – On the basis of this research, it is identified that out of 20 people, overall
17 people responded that they have understanding about the discrimination of risk in the
organization. Only three people were responded that they don't know about the consequences
of the discrimination at the workplace.
2) According to you, are business management activities helpful to reduce the
discrimination risk in the organization?
Interpretation - As per this survey, it is measured that out of 20 respondents, most of the
respondents that are 18 people responded that business management activities are helpful to
reduce the discrimination risk in the organization. It is also analyzed that only two people
responded negatively.
3) According to you, which types of risk are facing by the organization due to the gender
discrimination at their workplace?
Interpretation - According to this research, it is determined that there are various types of
risk which are facing by the organizations because of gender discrimination. It is analyze that
five responded answered that unequal pay is the main risk, four people but answer that
inequality in employment, poor medical care, racism are the main risk which are facing by
the organization due to the gender discrimination at the workplace. Only three people were in
favor of lack of legal protection is the main risk which are facing by the organization because
of gender discrimination.
33 | P a g e

4) According to you, which is the most effective way to reduce the gender discrimination in
the organization?
Interpretation - On the basis of this study, it is identified that where are various ways are
determined by the organization which can helpful to reduce the gender discrimination.
Overall 20 people responded successfully &in which 6 people responded that is start
empower women is the most effective way which can helpful to reduce the gender
discrimination in the organization. 5 people answer that create fair compensation is the most
effective way, 4 people responded that strengthen legal protection, three people were in favor
of provide good medical care &only two people responded that focus on diversity are the
main effective way in order to reduce the gender discrimination in their working place.
5) According to you, which key challenge is experiencing by the ASDA due to gender
discrimination in their organization.
Interpretation - As per this research, it is determine that there are various types of
challenges experiencing why the organization related with the gender discrimination. Out of
20 respondent overall 7 people answer that gender pay gap is the main challenge which is
facing by the organization. 5 people responded that promotion of women less than man &lack
of employment equality are the main reason of gender discrimination. Only 3 people were
responded that occupational segregation was the main challenge.
6) According to you, what are the outcomes of gender inequality in the organization?
Interpretation - On the basis of this research it is identified that, overall 6 people responded
that anxiety is the outcome of gender inequality in the organization. Because of gender
inequality most of the people face anxiety issues. Five people responded that depression
&loose self esteem can be considered as the main outcomes because of gender inequality in
34 | P a g e

their organization. &four people responded that because of gender inequality most of the
people choose to leave their organization which can improve the employee turnover over rate.
7) According to you, which technique is most suitable to manage the gender
discrimination?
Interpretation - As per this study, it is determine that there are various types of techniques
are containing why the organization which are suitable to manage gender discrimination. It is
it identified that five people responded that remove the pay gap system is considered as the
most effective techniques which can manage the gender discrimination in the organization. 4
people answered that encourage women’s to progress is the main technique we can helpful to
manage a gender discrimination, three people responded that use skills based assessment, be
transparent &work in group are also most effective techniques which can suitable in order to
manage a gender discrimination. Only two people were responded that organization needs to
maintain their organizational culture in order to reduce the gender discrimination.
8) According to you, which strategies are implementing by the ASDA to improve the
gender equality among their employees?
Interpretation – As per this research, it is determine that there are very types of strategies
are implementing by the organization in order to improve the gender equality among their
employees. It is identified that four people responded that give chance to speak, implement
the laws &policies to remove discrimination, &posting gender neutral job discrimination are
the most effective strategies which are implementing why the organization to improve the
gender equality at their workplace. Three people responded that provide equal opportunity to
men &women, create a safe &healthier working environment are the most effective strategy.
Only two people responded that increase talent pool for the leadership &helpful to improve
the gender equality.
35 | P a g e

9) According to you, which are the most appropriate benefits of implementing the gender
equality practices &policies in the organisation?
Interpretation - According to this study, it is identified that there are very types of benefits
are considered in why the organization which can we gain why the organization in order to
implement the gender equality practices &policies at their workplace. It is identified that six
people responded that increase organizational productivity is the main benefit in order to
implement the gender equality policies &practices. Five people answer that enhance
employee performance &improve organizational reputation are the main benefits. Only four
people responded that attract &retain the talent is the main benefit to implement the gender
equality practices &policies in the organization.
Chapter 6: Conclusion, Recommendations &Implications for Further
Research
Conclusion
According to this research, it is concluded that gender discrimination can affect the
effectiveness of the organization. It is analysed that business management is concerned with
planning, assessing, &coordinating variety of business tasks that are required to effectively
operate &manage a company. It is the company's core, &it oversees all or most of the
company's activities so that set aims &objectives may be met. Discrimination exists in certain
organisations &businesses, whether it is indirect or direct. Discrimination can be defined as
negative behaviour towards another employees based on their gender, caste, religion,
position, colour, or other factors (Opoku, Ahmed , and Akotia, 2016). Information
regarding mitigating risk related with gender inequality on company governance is explored
in the current inquiry. It also lists a variety of issues that the organisation faces if they do not
take the necessary steps to combat discrimination against women. The major goal of this
36 | P a g e

inquiry is to gather data on how to manage the dangers of gender discrimination on business
reputation. Gender discrimination was chosen as the focus of the empirical studies on the
relationship because, in today's world, it is critical to provide equal rights &opportunities to
all employees, regardless of sexual orientation. As an outcome, it explores the different
issues that the organization faces as a result of discrimination based on gender. There are two
more views that the current inquiry aims to reach. From such a personal point of view, it is
determined that formed a personality in which every human being, regardless of gender, is
significant. In terms of a professional standpoint, On the basis of this research, it is
determined that there are various types of effects of discrimination are identified by the
company such as decrease in the productivity of the organisation, enhance the tension
between the employees, low self esteem, fear, anxiety, depression &frustration. It is also
identify that because of gender discrimination most of the employees feel isolated &their
moral & also motivation become low (Penningto and et. al, 2018). This research study also
identify that there are very specific of strategies are implementing by the ASDA organisation
which can helpful to reduce the gender discrimination &improve the gender equality such as
provide opportunity to the man &woman, create a safe &productive working environment,
give equal chance to the employees, implement the specific law, specific &policies in order
to remove this discrimination at the workplace. Company need to focus on their recruitment
process &also increase the flexibility in order to recruit the employees.
Recommendations
On the basis of above discussion related with the gender discrimination in ASDA , there are
certain recommendations are recommended by the researcher which can helpful to improve
the effectiveness of the company &also beneficial to reduce the gender discrimination
&improve the gender equality at the work list so that company can effectively improve the
performance of their employees in order to enhance the overall organizational reputation
&revenue of the company. The explanation about the There are specific recommendations are
given below -
 It is determined that gender discrimination is mainly based on one of the "protected
characteristics," that mainly include age, disability, gender reassignment, marital or
37 | P a g e

relationship status partnerships, religious affiliation, race,, pregnancy &motherhood,
&gender identity, is illegal under UK labor law (Raut and et. al, 2019). In order to
reduce the gender discrimination in the organization, ASDA need to pay more
attention on their policies &procedures &also implement the “ Equality &Human
Rights Commission” which is a non-departmental government corporation dedicated
to promoting &enforcing parity &non-discrimination laws in England, Scotland,
&Wales, while a Government Character traits Department is a federal agency charged
with promoting &enhancing gender equality within the United Kingdom government,
capable of leading a Civil Rights law Review &offering guidance on those other
forms of equality to UK government officials. Previously, the GEO was named as the
Women &Equality Unit (Roberts, Tamene and Orta, 2018).
 It is analyzed that ASDA need to implement the “Equal Pay Act of 1963 ” with the
help of this act company can effectively reduce the gender discrimination. It is
determined that this is a federal statute that adds to the Civil Rights Act's Title VII.
Unlike Title VII, which covers all types of discrimination in the workplace, the
Equality Act exclusively covers salary inequality (Verniers and Vala, 2018).
 Gender prejudice, particularly that which exists in nonprofit groups, is forbidden
under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, thus the organization must concentrate on gender
discriminatory practices in order to eradicate gender imbalance. Gender
discrimination is also prohibited in other institutions, such as schools &universities.
Gender discrimination can occur in several ways under the law. It's also been
discovered that, while blatantly sexist regulations are forbidden, they're no longer
common. But at the other side, sexual violence &discriminatory behavior can create a
toxic work environment (Walsh, 2020).
 It is recommended that ASDA manager need to focus on the gent equality so that
company can reduce the employee’s discrimination among their employees. It is
defined as any action that renders certain rewards based on sex or creates a sexually
charged climate of fear (Oreffice and Quintana-Domeque, 2021). It is determined that
company need to focus on the activities that, even if inadvertently, increase gender
imbalance or hurt just one gender are also illegal.
38 | P a g e

 Company need to start motivational sessions so that all the employees can get some
awareness about the organizational behavior &culture so that company can create the
well &positive environment in order to improve the productivity level of their
organization.
 ASDA manager need take an initiatives in order to reduce the gender discrimination
level among their employees because it is determined that because of gender
inequality most of the employees face some issues like anxiety, depression, tension,
low self esteem etc. It is recognized that anxiety is recognized as a result of gender
disparity in the workplace, according to the findings of this study. The majority of
individuals suffer from anxiety as a result of gender inequality. It is also determined
that depression &low self-esteem are two of the most common effects of gender
disparity in their workplace. Because of gender inequity, many people opt to leave
their companies, resulting in a higher staff turnover (Wielgoszewska and et. al.,
2016).
 According to the findings of this study, there are a variety of obstacles that
organizations face when it comes to gender discrimination. The company's principal
problem is the pay discrepancy between men &women (Peacock and Irons, 2017). It
is recommended that company need to focus on the training &development activities
& provide the equal opportunities to their employees because gender discrimination
is mostly caused by the advancement of women at a lower rate than males &a lack of
employment equality. The fundamental issue was professional discrimination.
Implications for Further Research
The study implications describe how the findings could affect policy, practice, theory,
&future research. The conclusions you derive from your findings are referred to as research
implications, & they describe how &why the discoveries may impact legislation, practice, or
philosophy (Klasen and Minasyan, 2017). Where various types of implications are are
39 | P a g e

determined by the researcher which can helpful to maintain the specific implications for the
further research related with this project. In this project the main concern of the researcher is
on the gender discrimination & inequality & the targeted field of the company is retail
organization for the further research company can target the hospital organization. In this
study it is identified that the sample size of the research is too small so that for the further
research company can target large number of employees in order to get more relevant
information &sources in order to frame the better outcome of the research.
40 | P a g e

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44 | P a g e

Appendices
Appendix 1. A blank copy of Questionnaire/Interview Script
Questionnaire
Name -
Age -
Gender -
1 Q) According to you, Do you have understanding about discrimination of risk in
the organization.
A. Yes
B. No
2) According to you , are business management activities helpful to reduce the
discrimination risk in the organization.
A. Yes
B. No
3) According to you , which types of risk are facing by the organisation due to the
gender discrimination at their workplace.
A. Unequal pay
B. Inequality in employment
C. Lack of legal protection
D. Poor medical care
E. Racism
4) According to you , which are the most effective way to reduce the gender
discrimination in the organization ?
A. Provide good medical care
45 | P a g e

B. Strengthen legal protections
C. Empower women
D. Create fair compensation
E. Focus on diversity
5) According to you, which key challenge is experiencing by the ASDA due to gender
discrimination in their organization.
A. Gender pay gap
B. Promotion of women less than man
C. organizational culture
D. Occupational segregation
6) According to you, what are the outcomes of gender inequality in the organization?
A. Anxiety
B. Depression
C. Low self-esteem
D. Employees turnover
7) According to you, which technique is most suitable to manage the gender
discrimination?
A. Use skills-based assessments
B. Remove the pay gap system
C. Be transparent
D. Encourage women’s to progress
E. Work in group
F. Effectively organizational culture
8) According to you, which strategies are implementing by the ASDA to improve the
gender equality among their employees?
46 | P a g e

A. Provide equal opportunities to men and women
B. Give change to speak
C. Implement the law and policies to remove discrimination
D. Create a safer and healthier work environment
E. Increase talent pool for leadership
F. Posting gender-neutral job descriptions
9) According to you, which are the most appropriate benefits of implementing the
gender equality practices and policies in the organisation.
A. Increase organisational productivity
B. Enhance employees performance
C. Attract and retain the talent
D. Improve organization reputation
47 | P a g e

Appendix 2. A sample of completed Questionnaire/ A sample of Interview
Transcript
Questionnaire
Name - Alan
Age - 35
Gender - Male
1 Q) According to you, Do you have understanding about discrimination of risk in
the organization. ?
A. Yes ✓
B. No
2) According to you , are business management activities helpful to reduce the
discrimination risk in the organization. ?
A. Yes ✓
B. No
3) According to you, which types of risk are facing by the organization due to the
gender discrimination at their workplace ?
A. Unequal pay
B. Inequality in employment ✓
C. Lack of legal protection
D. Poor medical care
E. Racism
4) According to you , which are the most effective way to reduce the gender
discrimination in the organization ?
A. Provide good medical care
48 | P a g e

B. Strengthen legal protections
C. Empower women
D. Create fair compensation ✓
E. Focus on diversity
5) According to you, which key challenge is experiencing by the ASDA due to gender
discrimination in their organization?
A. Gender pay gap ✓
B. Promotion of women less than man
C. organizational culture
D. Occupational segregation
6) According to you, what are the outcomes of gender inequality in the organization?
A. Anxiety
B. Depression
C. Low self-esteem ✓
D. Employees turnover
7) According to you, which technique is most suitable to manage the gender
discrimination?
A. Use skills-based assessments
B. Remove the pay gap system ✓
C. Be transparent
D. Encourage women’s to progress
E. Work in group
F. Effectively organizational culture
8) According to you, which strategies are implementing by the ASDA to improve the
gender equality among their employees?
49 | P a g e

A. Provide equal opportunities to men and women
B. Give change to speak
C. Implement the law and policies to remove discrimination ✓
D. Create a safer and healthier work environment
E. Increase talent pool for leadership
F. Posting gender-neutral job descriptions
9) According to you, which are the most appropriate benefits of implementing the
gender equality practices and policies in the organisation.
A. Increase organisational productivity ✓
B. Enhance employees performance
C. Attract and retain the talent
D. Improve organization reputation
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